Systematic review of clinical manifestations, management and outcome following accidental ingestion of liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser in children.

BACKGROUND: Pyrethroid-based mosquito repellents are widely used to control mosquito-borne diseases. Liquid mosquito-repellent vaporisers are effective modes of pyrethroid delivery but can also pose significant health risks if ingested or used improperly. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review was performed to assess the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, management strategies and outcomes in children resulting from accidental ingestion of liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser. METHODS: The study adheres to the reporting standards outlined in the PRISMA Statement for Systematic Reviews and was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (record # CRD42023413937) to enhance transparency and minimise reporting bias. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using specific MeSH terms related to insecticides, mosquito repellents, pyrethroids, ingestion, poisoning, toxicity and prevention. The reference lists of the included studies were also reviewed for additional relevant articles. The inclusion criteria involved studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2023 that focused on children under 18 years old with a history of mosquito-repellent ingestion based on primary data. RESULTS: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria; these were primarily case reports from India, China and the UAE. Male children were predominantly affected, and symptoms included vomiting, convulsions, cough and respiratory distress. Management primarily involved supportive and symptomatic measures, including atropine for salivation and antiepileptic drugs for seizures. Respiratory support was provided for respiratory complications. CONCLUSION: Despite the known risks and diverse presentations of pyrethroid poisoning caused by liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser in children, the limited substantial evidence in the literature underscores the urgent need for comprehensive research to refine management approaches and enhance preventive measures.

Delayed Ventricular Septal Rupture Repair on Patient Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review.

Even though the prevalence of VSR after MI is only 1%-3%, the mortality associated with the condition is more than 80%. Very few studies in the literature have described in detail the treatment options for delayed VSR repair. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of delayed ventricular septal rupture (VSR) repair following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Digital databases were searched systematically to identify studies reporting the outcomes of delayed VSR repair. Detailed study and patient-level baseline characteristics including the type of study, sample size, follow-up, number of delayed repairs, time to repair, outcomes (in terms of major adverse cardiovascular events), and predictors of outcome were abstracted. A total of 12 studies, recruiting 8,579 patients were included in the final analysis. Male gender, young age (<60 years), and delayed VSR repair were reported as predictors of survival along with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and the use of inotropes before surgery. Postoperative renal failure, higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) score, early repair, and history of heart failure (HF) were demonstrated as predictors of mortality. This study demonstrated that delayed VSR repair can reduce mortality in patients who develop VSR after AMI. Furthermore, the use of LVADs can prolong the time of surgery, and the use of inotropes can predict survival benefits in this patient cohort.

Effectiveness of Injected Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Disease.

Objectives Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become quite a popular course of treatment and has tremendous healing properties. Our research question inquired about the effectiveness of injected formula of PRP as the cure for diabetic foot ulcer in comparison to the conventional dressing. Methodology  A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, between July 2020 to January 2021. Patients' data were collected from the department's database after taking approval from the department. In our study, the selected patients were categorized into two equal groups - i.e. 80 cases in each group and were randomized by using randomization allocation software. In group I (study group) patients received PRP (1 ml /1 cm2) around the wound edges and in the base of the ulcer, while group II (control group) patients were treated with conventional dressing. Each patient was inspected for wounds on days 0, 14, 28, 90, and 180 on the basis of Wagner's classification of wounds to assess efficacy. A proforma was used to collect the required data and then utilized electronically for research analysis. Results The mean ± SD of age was 54.4±8.56 and 57.7±10.1 years in the injected PRP (study) and conventional dressing (control) groups, respectively. Of the 30 patients, 13 (43.3%) males and 17 (56.7%) females were enrolled in the study group, while 14 (46.7%) males and 16 (53.3%) females were included in the control group. The PRP was found effective in reducing the wound in about 64 (80%) patients, while wound dressing was effective in 37 (46.25%) patients (p<0.0001). In female patients, the wound healing was significantly better in the study group as compared to the control group (p<0.0001). Moreover, in patients aged above 55 years, frequently higher rates of wound reduction were observed in the study group as compared to the control group (p<0.0001).  Conclusion The study concluded that injected PRP was significantly better than conventional dressing in the management of diabetic foot ulcer. More clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of injected PRP to validate the current findings.