Role of Covid vaccine in determining ICU admission and death due to Covid -19 in Tamil Nadu

COVID-19 pandemic threatened the world in terms of its rapid spread, strain on health infrastructure and many people lost their lives due to COVID. Mass Vaccination of public against Covid-19 were done with the notion that it protects against the severe form of the disease and death due to Covid-19. Covid vaccination was rolled out in Tamil Nadu from 16th January 2021 in a phased manner. This study was done using secondary data to assess the role of COVID vaccination in preventing ICU admission and death due to Covid-19 in Tamil Nadu for the period of August - December 2021. Unvaccinated individuals contributed to a higher proportion of hospitalization (60.9%) and ICU admission (65.5%) among Covid-19 infected during this period. Similarly, among patients who died due to Covid-19, 75.5% were unvaccinated. Odds of ICU admission and death among unvaccinated was 2.01 and 3.19 - times higher compared to fully vaccinated individuals infected with Covid-19. Unvaccinated Covid-19 patients had 2.73- and 1.46- times increased odds of dying and ICU admission respectively, compared to partially vaccinated. Population Attributable Risk showed that receiving at least one dose of vaccine could have reduced the mortality among Covid patients by 54% and ICU admission by 23.3%. This article emphasizes the need for vaccination against Covid-19 to reduce ICU admission and death among those infected with Covid-19.

Management of mandibular first molar with four canals in mesial root.

Successful root canal treatment depends on adequate cleaning, shaping, and filling of the root canal system. The presence of middle mesial (MM) root canal of mandibular molars has been reported by various authors. But incidence of four canals in mesial root of mandibular molar is very rare. The aim of this case report is to present and describe the identification and management of a mandibular first molar with four canals in the mesial root and single canal in the distal root.

Management of an endodontic infection with an extra oral sinus tract in a single visit: a case report.

Chronic apical periodontitis can drain through a sinus tract, which may be intra-oral or extra-oral, though an intra-oral drainage is more common. Though such cases can be treated in a single visit, there is no report on a single visit endodontic treatment for a chronic apical periodontitis with a draining sinus. This case report demonstrates that the apical periodontitis with a cutaneous sinus tract can be successfully treated endodontically as a single visit procedure, if the patient is in good systemic health.