Magnetic-Proximity-Induced Efficient Charge-to-Spin Conversion in Large-Area PtSe2/Ni80Fe20 Heterostructures.

As a topological Dirac semimetal with controllable spin-orbit coupling and conductivity, PtSe2, a transition-metal dichalcogenide, is a promising material for several applications, from optoelectrics to sensors. However, its potential for spintronics applications has yet to be explored. In this work, we demonstrate that the PtSe2/Ni80Fe20 heterostructure can generate large damping-like current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOT), despite the absence of spin-splitting in bulk PtSe2. The efficiency of charge-to-spin conversion is found to be -0.1 ± 0.02 nm-1 in PtSe2/Ni80Fe20, which is 3 times that of the control sample, Ni80Fe20/Pt. Our band structure calculations show that the SOT due to PtSe2 arises from an unexpectedly large spin splitting in the interfacial region of PtSe2 introduced by the proximity magnetic field of the Ni80Fe20 layer. Our results open up the possibilities of using large-area PtSe2 for energy-efficient nanoscale devices by utilizing proximity-induced SOT.

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) incidence in cattle and buffaloes and its associated farm-level economic costs in endemic India.

The study investigated the important epidemiological parameters and farm-level economic costs of FMD incidence in cattle and buffaloes during 2013-14 to 2015-16 in various states of India. Multistage random sampling procedure was adopted for the primary survey and data was collected through face-to-face personal interview from 18,609 cattle and buffalo rearing farm households from 123 districts across twelve states and one Union Territory. Besides epidemiological parameters, different farm-level direct and indirect loss associated with FMD was assessed at disaggregated level (states) by employing deterministic mathematical models. Highest number of affected villages and disease incidence was observed in non- FMD control programme (FMD-CP) implemented Madhya Pradesh and Assam states, respectively whereas negligible incidence was in FMD-CP implemented Punjab state. The disease incidence was high during 2013-14 and declined during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively implied severe incidence scenario (2013-14) succeeded by moderate (2014-15) and mild (2015-16) scenarios. The crossbred and high productive animals were severely affected than local breeds whereas on sexwise and agewise comparison revealed higher incidence in females and adult animals. During severe incidence scenario, milk loss/animal ranged from USD 6.87-47.44, 18.42-125.88, 16.33-91.43, and 27.17-123.62; mortality loss/animal ranged from USD 32.61-804.27, 30.76-577.7, 65.36-502.2, and 188.04-413.7; distress sale loss/animal ranged from USD 3.22-188.63, 64.34-519.3, 214.47-341.8, and 209.11-450.3; and opportunity cost of labour/animal from USD 5.49-54.29, 5.49-67.78; 7.95-31.37 and 9.83-72.38 in indigenous cattle, crossbred cattle, local and improved buffalo, respectively. The estimated draught power loss/animal varied from USD 39.46-142.94 with least being in Madhya Pradesh and highest in Assam states whereas the median treatment cost/animal was USD 9.18 and USD 27.07 in indigenous cattle and upgraded buffaloes, respectively. The total farm-level economic loss projected due to FMD in cattle and buffaloes in India was USD 3159 million (INR 221,110 million), USD 270 million (INR 18,910 million) and USD 152 million (INR 10,610 million), respectively during the severe, moderate and mild incidence scenarios at 2015-16 constant prices. The loss varied across the states, and in severe incidence scenario, the country might lose USD 3.2 billion/year and hence, the bi-annual vaccination schedule need to be strictly implemented in all the states. Besides timely vaccination coverage, managing unabated animal movement, educating and motivating the farmers to vaccinate their animals might reduce the incidence and consequential losses to various stakeholders in endemic states like India.

The use of analytic hierarchy process for measuring the complexity of medical diagnosis.

Diagnostic complexity is an important contextual factor affecting a variety of medical outcomes. Existing measurements of diagnosis complexity either rely on crude proxies or use fine-grained measures that employ indicators from proprietary data that are not readily available. Hence, the study of this important construct in fields such as medical informatics has been hampered by the difficulty of measuring diagnostic complexity. This article presents a novel approach for conceptualizing and operationalizing diagnostic task complexity as a multi-dimensional construct, which employs the readily available International Classification of Diseases codes from medical encounters in hospitals and uses Analytic Hierarchical Process methodology. We demonstrate the reliability of the proposed approach and show that despite using a relatively simple procedure, it is able to predict readmission rates just as well as (or even better) than some of the sophisticated measures that have been used in recent studies (namely, the LaCE score index).

Partial Edentulousness in a Rural Population Based on Kennedy's Classification: Epidemiological Study.

INTRODUCTION: Edentulousness falls in a special category among the various conditions of dental origin. A simple estimation of the partial edentulous condition is a rough indication of the prevalence of dental diseases and success or failure of dental care. METHODOLOGY: In this study a cross sectional survey was carried out among 1000 patients of rural population in JKK Nataraja Dental College, Komarapalayam, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, India. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological features of partial edentulous condition in the age group of 30-60 years in a rural Population based on the Kennedy classification. A pre tested questionnaire was Used in this study. RESULT: Chi-square test was conducted and results were obtained and P value <0.05 was considered stastically significant. CONCLUSION: The study revealed Kennedy Class III partially edentulous condition was more common than other conditions. There is significant correlation between lack of awareness, education and socio-economic status in relation to loss of teeth among population.

Evaluation of stenosis severity of coronary calcified lesions using transluminal attenuation gradient: clinical application of 320-row volume CT.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG) in diagnosing the stenosis degree of difficult lesions to accurately assess the degree of luminal stenosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). METHODS: A total of 130 patients consecutively received CCTA and coronary angiography (CAG). The average transluminal Hounsfield units (HU) of the regions of interest were consecutively measured at an interval of 5 mm from the ostium to the distal level, followed by the calculation of TAG. The diagnostic performance of CCTA, TAG and CCTA+TAG for the stenosis degree of coronary calcified lesions and their reclassification for stenosis degree were analyzed, especially for calcified lesions. RESULTS: Compared with CAG, the TAG in CCTA was consistent with the largest stenosis degree of each blood vessel. TAG improved the accuracy of CCTA in the diagnosis of calcified lesions (P<0.0001). When threshold was ≤-6.9 HU/10 mm, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CCTA+TAG in the diagnosis of coronary calcified lesions were 90.26%, 95.45%, 98.58% and 73.68%. TAG for calcified lesions had moderate sensitivity (86.61%; 95% CI: 81.8-90.5%) and high specificity (91.20%; 95% CI: 84.8-95.5%). In addition, TAG can help to improve the reclassification of CCTA for coronary stenosis degree, especially for calcified lesions (NRI=0.127, P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: TAG can help to improve the diagnostic performance of CCTA for the stenosis degree of lesions, and it may also help to improve the reclassification of the stenosis degree of calcified lesions.

Odontogenic Myxoma of the Maxilla: A Report of Unusual Pediatric Case.

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a rare and locally benign neoplasm of high aggressive behavior found exclusively in the jaws. OM commonly occurs in the second and third decade, its quite rare to find in maxilla that to invading the maxillary sinus completely. The lesion often grows without symptoms and presents as a painless swelling. The radiographic features are variable, and the diagnosis is therefore not easy. This article presents a case of OM of maxilla in a 13-year-old boy, which was previously diagnosed as fibrosseous lesion with the help of CT.

Isolated noncompaction of left ventricle presenting as peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Long term follow-up of the first reported case of isolated noncompaction of left ventricle presenting as peripartum cardiomyopathy is presented.