Effect of phytopigments on discoloration of nanohybrid composite: An in vitro study.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the effect of discoloration of nanohybrid composite by four different phytopigments. Materials and Methods: Fifty disk-shaped samples of nanohybrid (3M Filtek Z350) resin composites were prepared using an acrylic template of dimension 5 mm × 3 mm. They were randomly divided into five groups and immersed in solutions of tomato powder, beetroot powder, java plum powder, and turmeric powder. Distilled water was used as the control group. The samples were placed in respective solutions for 3 h daily and stored in artificial saliva for the rest of the day for 28 days. Color values (L*, a*, b*) were measured by colorimeter using the CIE L*a*b* system at the end of the 7th and 28th days of immersion. Color differences ΔE*ab were statistically analyzed. Results: All the samples showed a change in color of nanohybrid composite resin to varying degrees. The mean ΔE*ab value obtained with beetroot solution was the highest among all the groups at the end of the 7th and 28th days, depicting that beetroot solution showed maximum mean color variation, followed by java plum solution, turmeric solution, and tomato solution. Conclusion: All the phytopigments used in this study have the potential to discolor the nanohybrid composite resin, with beetroot causing the most severe discoloration.

Computational therapeutic repurposing of tavaborole targeting arginase-1 for venous leg ulcer.

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) pose a growing healthcare challenge due to aging, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles. Despite various treatments available, addressing the complex nature of VLUs remains difficult. In this context, this study investigates repurposing boronated drugs to inhibit arginase 1 activity for VLU treatment. The molecular docking study conducted by Schrodinger GLIDE targeted the binuclear manganese cluster of arginase 1 enzyme (2PHO). Further, the ligand-protein complex was subjected to molecular dynamic studies at 500 ns in Gromacs-2019.4. Trajectory analysis was performed using the GROMACS simulation package of protein RMSD, RMSF, RG, SASA, and H-Bond. The docking study revealed intriguing results where the tavaborole showed a better docking score (-3.957 Kcal/mol) compared to the substrate L-arginine (-3.379 Kcal/mol) and standard L-norvaline (-3.141 Kcal/mol). Tavaborole interaction with aspartic acid ultimately suggests that the drug molecule binds to the catalytic site of arginase 1, potentially influencing the enzyme's function. The dynamics study revealed the compounds' stability and compactness of the protein throughout the simulation. The RMSD, RMSF, SASA, RG, inter and intra H-bond, PCA, FEL, and MMBSA studies affirmed the ligand-protein and protein complex flexibility, compactness, binding energy, van der waals energy, and solvation dynamics. These results revealed the stability and the interaction of the ligand with the catalytic site of arginase 1 enzyme, triggering the study towards the VLU treatment.

Comparison of three different materials used for indirect pulp capping in permanent molars: An in vivo study.

Background: Pulp capping should always be considered as the primary treatment of choice for teeth without irreversible pulpitis in lesions approaching dental pulp. The predictability of vital pulp therapy has improved with the introduction of newer bioceramic materials. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success of Biodentine, calcium hydroxide (CH), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulp capping materials for indirect pulp capping in carious permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: Indirect pulp capping was done for 36 molars of 36 patients with deep caries lesions. They were randomly divided into three groups: Biodentine group (12 teeth), MTA group (12 teeth), and CH group (12 teeth). Patients were recalled at 1, 3, and 6 months to evaluate the clinical success of the treatment outcome. Statistical Analysis: All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21.0. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to compare the success and failure rates between Biodentine, MTA, and Ca(OH)2 at three different time intervals (30, 90, and 180 days) and also the overall success and failure rates between Biodentine, MTA, and Ca(OH)2 irrespective of the time intervals. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In a statistical trial/study, the pulp capping materials gave different success rates, 91.67% success in the Biodentine group, 83.33% success in the MTA group, and 58.33% success in the CH group. The results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Indirect pulp capping with calcium silicate materials provided better results compared to that of calcium hydroxide.

Antibacterial Effect and Tensile Bond Strength of Self-etching Adhesive Resins with and without Methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium Bromide: An in vitro Study.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial activity of a self-etching primer containing antibacterial monomer methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) (Clearfil protect bond) with a conventional self-etching primer without MDPB (Clearfil SE bond) against Streptococcus mutans and the effect of incorporation of MDPB on the tensile bond strength of the experimental self-etching primer (Clearfil protect bond). Materials and methods: The antibacterial activity of the self-etching primers was assessed using agar disk diffusion method and the diameters of the zones of inhibition were measured and ranked. For tensile bond strength testing, 20 noncarious human molars were selected and randomly divided into two groups comprising 10 teeth in each group. Group I specimens were treated with Clearfil SE bond (without MDPB). Group II specimens were treated with Clearfil protect bond (with MDPB). Composite material was placed incrementally and cured for 40 seconds in all the specimens. Tensile bond strength was estimated using the Instron Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Results: The addition of MDPB into a self-etching primer exerts potential antibacterial effect against S. mutans. The tensile bond strength of MDPB containing self-etching primer was slightly lower than that of the conventional self-etching Clearfil protect bond primer, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Thus, a self-etching primer containing MDPB will be a boon to adhesive dentistry as it has bactericidal property with adequate tensile bond strength. Clinical significance: The concept of prevention of extension in adhesive dentistry would result in micro/nanoleakage due to the presence of residual bacteria in the cavity. Self-etching primers with MDPB would improve the longevity of such restorations by providing adequate antibacterial activity without compromising the bond strength. Keywords: Antibacterial property, Methacryloyloxydodecy-lpyridinium bromide, Self-etching primers, Tensile bond strength.

Fusion of maxillary central incisors with mesiodens.

Fusion and gemination are developmental anomalies which are quite similar to each other but can be distinguished from each other if properly assessed. Fusion and gemination have been described as a result of developmental anomalies of dental tissues. The exact etiology is still unknown, but a genetic predisposition is suggested. This article highlights the importance of clinical and radiographic correlation in arriving at a definitive diagnosis.

Probiotics in Caries Prevention.

Past few decades have seen a significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries at a global scale. To reduce the pervasiveness of cariogenic microflora, various efforts have been undertaken. However, completely eradicating caries-associated microorganisms has been futile.1 Endogenous bacteria, such as Lactobacillus species, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sobrinus persisting in biofilms ferment carbohydrate and produce weak organic acids as by-products. This, in turn, results in a drop in the local pH well below the critical level, resulting in demineralization of tooth.2.

Genome sequence of an invasive strain of Streptococcus gordonii.

We report the genome sequence of IE35, a strain of Streptococcus gordonii isolated from the blood of a patient with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Whole-genome sequencing of S. gordonii IE35 strain by the combination of Illumina HiSeq2000 paired-end, Ion Torrent single-end sequencing and gap closing by Illumina NextSeq yielded a single, circular chromosome of 2,190,105 bp. It had 2106 predicted coding sequences, of which 2014 genes encoded proteins involved in various cellular processes and 66 genes coded for RNA. The predicted RNA genes were annotated up to pathway level and genes responsible for various metabolic processes and virulence were identified.