Studies on uranium concentration in groundwater samples and its associated health hazards to the residents of surrounding regions of Manchanabele reservoir, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Uranium occurs naturally in groundwater and surface water. Being a radioactive element, high uranium concentration can cause impact on human health. The health effects associated with consumption of uranium through water includes increased cancer risk and kidney toxicity. In view of this, an attempt was made in the present study to establish the level of radiological and chemical toxicity of uranium. Radiological toxicity was evaluated in terms of lifetime cancer risk and chemical toxicity through hazard quotient. For the said purpose, groundwater samples from the selected villages of the surrounding region of the Manchanabele reservoir, southwest of Bengaluru, were collected. The collected groundwater samples were analysed for Uranium mass concentration using Light emitting diode (LED) fluorimeter and is found to range from 0.88 to 581.47 ppb with a GM of 20.82 ppb. The result reveals that ~ 66% of the samples show concentration of uranium within the safe limit of 30 ppb as set by the World Health Organisation. The radiological risk estimated in terms of lifetime cancer risk is in the range of 0.0028 × 10-3 to 1.85 × 10-3 with a GM of 0.066 × 10-3. The chemical toxicity risk measured as lifetime annual daily dose is found to range from 0.03 to 21.65 µg per kg per d with a GM of 0.77 µg per kg per d.

Numerical simulation of 222Rn profiling in an experimental chamber using CFD technique.

Measurement of indoor 222Rn concentration and interpretation of distribution patterns are important for inhalation dosimetry in occupational and residential areas. Experimental determination of 222Rn concentration distribution and estimation of inhalation doses depend on the underlying aspects such as calibration of the detectors, accuracy of the techniques etc. Therefore, 222Rn concentration distribution needs to be very well understood in a closed domain for the controlled studies. In the recent times, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique has gained a lot of attention for the prediction and visualization of indoor 222Rn concentration profiles and their mixing ability in the domain. The present study aims to simulate the effect of forced mixing on the 222Rn concentration profile in a 22 m3 experimental chamber. This chamber is designed for carrying out the controlled experiments, calibration and inter-comparison studies of various types of 222Rn detectors. Effect of different parameters such as time, flow rates, fan-off and fan-on conditions have been studied on the transient response, extent of the air mixing patterns and subsequently on 222Rn concentration profile in the chamber. Further, Non uniformity index (NUI) is introduced as a measure of the uniformity of the distribution in the closed domain. NUI is estimated for different cases in order to efficiently interpret the effect of above mentioned parameters on 222Rn profile in the chamber. This study will be useful to represent the turbulent conditions in real indoor domains and occupational facilities as U-mines during calibration and inter-comparison exercises of different 222Rn detectors.

Comparison of Radon and Thoron Concentration Measuring Systems Among Asian Countries.

Comparison is an important role in the quality control and quality assurance for any measuring system. Due to the future legal regulations regarding radon levels in the air, maintaining the system quality and harmonization of results as well as validation of radon and thoron measuring systems is important. The aim of this work is to validate the degrees of equivalence and measurement precisions of the existing five radon and four thoron measuring systems located in four Asian countries (China, India, Japan and Thailand) through comparison experiment. In this project, comparison experiment was performed in order to derive the ratio between assigned value obtained from one transfer measurement device for radon and one transfer measurement device for thoron belongs to National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology and participants' value from their measuring instrument. As a result, the ratio value associated with measurement uncertainty was derived for each activity concentration. Finally, measurement bias and degrees of equivalence between the assigned values and values of measurement quantity from participants' measuring instruments were statistically analysed and presented.

GAMMA DOSE RATES IN THE HIGH BACKGROUND RADIATION AREA OF MANGALORE REGION, INDIA.

Elevated levels of natural background radiation due to scattered patches of monazite sand around the beaches of Mangalore, India, have been reported earlier. A comparative study of gamma dose rates was performed in both normal background and high natural background radiation areas around Mangalore using different types of portable gamma dosimeters. In addition to this, gamma-ray energy spectra were acquired, in situ, using a NaI(Tl) based portable gamma spectrometer. Soil and sand samples were collected for laboratory analysis with HPGe detectors. Measurements were carried out during the years 2016-18 revealed that in majority of the locations the gamma dose rates were similar to the normal background regions, whereas, in certain locations the dose rates were higher with values up to 530 nSv/h.

Soil to rice transfer factors for (226)Ra, (228)Ra, (210)Pb, (40)K and (137)Cs: a study on rice grown in India.

India is the second largest producer of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the world and rice is an essential component of the diet for a majority of the population in India. However, detailed studies aimed at the evaluation of radionuclide transfer factors (F(v)) for the rice grown in India are almost non-existent. This paper presents the soil to rice transfer factors for natural ((226)Ra, (228)Ra, (40)K, and (210)Pb) and artificial ((137)Cs) radionuclides for rice grown in natural field conditions on the West Coast of India. A rice field was developed very close to the Kaiga nuclear power plant and the water required for this field was drawn from the cooling water discharge canal of the power plant. For a comparative study of the radionuclide transfer factors, rice samples were also collected from the rice fields of nearby villages. The study showed that the (226)Ra and (228)Ra activity concentrations were below detection levels in different organs of the rice plant. The soil to un-hulled rice grain (40)K transfer factor varied in the range of 6.5 × 10(-1) to 2.9 with a mean of 0.15 × 10(1), and of (210)Pb varied in the range of <1.2 × 10(-2) to 8.1 × 10(-1) with a mean of 1.4 × 10(-1), and of (137)Cs varied in the range of 6.6 × 10(-2) to 3.4 × 10(-1) with a mean of 2.1 × 10(-1). The mean values of un-hulled grain to white rice processing retention factors (F(r)) were 0.12 for (40)K, 0.03 for (210)Pb, and 0.14 for (137)Cs. Using these processing retention factors, the soil to white rice transfer factors were estimated and these were found to have mean values of 1.8 × 10(-1), 4.2 × 10(-3), and 3.0 × 10(-2) for (40)K, (210)Pb, and (137)Cs, respectively. The study has shown that the transfer of (40)K was higher for above the ground organs than for the root, but (210)Pb and (137)Cs were retained in the root and their transfer to above the ground organs of the rice plant is significantly lower.