Timing is everything: Dichogamy and pollen germinability underlie variation in autonomous selfing among populations.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The evolution of multiple floral traits often underlies the transition from outcrossing to selfing. Such traits can influence the ability to self, and the timing at which selfing occurs, which in turn affects the costs of selfing. Species that display variation in autonomous selfing provide an opportunity to dissect the phenotypic changes that contribute to variability in the mating system. METHODS: In a common garden, we measured dichogamy and herkogamy in 24 populations of the protandrous mixed-mating herb Campanula americana, and related these to autonomous fruit set (autonomy). We then measured the timing of self-pollen deposition and fruit production in populations with high and low autonomy, and determined whether pollen germinability across floral development contributes to variation in autonomy. KEY RESULTS: Populations that transitioned more rapidly to female phase displayed elevated autonomous selfing, but herkogamy was unassociated with autonomous selfing. Selfing occurred more rapidly in highly autonomous populations because of greater self-pollen deposition early in female phase. Pollen germinability in low-autonomy populations remained constant across floral development, but in high-autonomy populations it increased after floral anthesis and was highest near the onset of female phase. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced dichogamy, elevated self-pollen deposition, and higher pollen germination late in male phase contribute to both earlier selfing and greater selfing. These traits vary among populations, likely reflecting past selection on the mating system. While delayed selfing bears fewer fitness costs, the evolution of earlier selfing may be favored if self-pollen availability decreases over floral development.

Analysis and design of information system of chest pain center / 中国医学装备

Objective: To analyze and design the information system of chest pain center so as to improve the overall treatment level for patients with chest pain in emergency department,and to shorten the waiting time of diagnosis and treatment after they achieved hospital.Methods: Using 4G network,internet of things,virtual private dial-up networks(VPDN)and information system of chest pain to send real-timely medical data of patient from ambulance to hospital.And then doctors of electrocardiographic room,emergency department and cardiology department implemented analysis report,first-aid guidance,preparation of surgery and treatment and other series of operation.Results: Patient's condition has been preliminarily confirmed before they arrived the hospital,and the doctors has completed preparation of interventional operation.When the patient arrived at the hospital,he could directly were sent into the catheterization room to receive treatment but need not be confirmed again by emergency room.Conclusion:This system can supplement the shortage of technical force of pre-hospital first-aid team,and shorten the treatment time of patients with chest pain,and improve the success rate of rescue.

Exploration and Analysis of Chronic Disease Management Information System of Medical Association / 医学信息学杂志

The paper introduces the current status of chroic disease management,builds chronic disease management information system of medical association,analyzes the system framework,elaborates system function and effect.The chronic disease managment system of medical association operates in a reasonble and orderly hierarchical medical mode,realizing the effective connention between disease managment and health management.

The design and implementation of real-time transmission system for pre-hospital emergency ECG / 中国医学装备

Objective:To design real-time transmission system for pre-hospital emergency electrocardiogram(ECG) so as to provide specialty and accurate diagnostic analysis about ECG before patient achieved at hospital and to shorten the waiting time for diagnosis and treatment after they achieved at hospital.Methods: 4G network and virtual private dial-up network(VPDN) were used to real-time transmit ECG data of patient from ambulance to hospital so as to doctors of ECG department and emergency room can analyze the detecting reporter, choose plan of emergency guidance and prepare operation and treatment for patientsaccording to the received ECG data in time.Results: The situations of emergency patients have been grasped and been primarily confirmed before they achieved hospital, therefore, the doctors could made relative preparation for fast and specially treating patients after they once achieved hospital.Conclusion: The real-time transmission system of pre-hospital emergency ECG can remedy the shortage of technical strength of pre-hospital emergency team, and shorten the treating time of emergency patients, and increase the success rate of rescue.