RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the genetic and environmental influences on the inter-individual variability of spectral EEG parameters under two conditions of reduced visual input in preschoolers. METHODS: EEG was recorded in 21 monozygotic and 20 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs aged 5-6 years under the Closed eyes and Darkness conditions. The contributions of genetic and environmental influences to individual EEG parameters were estimated using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The alpha rhythm parameters - both spectral amplitude and frequency - were influenced mainly by genetic factors. Theta spectral amplitude variance was presumably accounted for by both genetic and shared environmental factors. The difference in the nature of population variance between EEG alpha and theta band spectral amplitudes was reproduced for two identical functional loads: Closed eyes and Darkness. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of EEG spectral parameters in preschool children are determined by genetic factors. Tentative finding on systematic environmental influences on theta spectral amplitude under the condition of reduced visual input may point to the role of experience in the individual differences in the functioning of theta response system. SIGNIFICANCE: The findings contribute to the scanty knowledge about the heritability of EEG rhythms in preschool children.
Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Individualidade , Campos Visuais/genética , Análise de Variância , Atenção/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Análise de Fourier , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Modelos Genéticos , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Projetos Piloto , Tempo de Reação/genética , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/fisiologia , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/fisiologiaRESUMO
A mathematical model based on queuing theory is used to study the dynamics of environmental influence on twin pairs. The model takes into consideration genetic factors and effects of nonshared environment. Histograms are exploited as base analysed characteristics, with the method of minimum chi-square yielding estimated characteristics. The proposed technique was applied to analysis of longitudinal data for MZ and DZ twins. It was shown that the same environment impact may yield different contributions to final variances of the IQ parameters under investigation. Magnitudes of these contributions depend on the genetic factor represented by distributions of an analysed parameter at the point of birth.
