Copper-catalyzed arylstannylation of arynes in a sequence.

Copper-catalyzed arylstannylation of arynes has been developed. This transformation enables variously substituted ortho-stannylbiaryls and teraryls to be constructed straightforwardly. An electron-deficient tin center is the key, and thus the single or dual insertion of arynes into arylstannanes is precisely controllable by simply changing the equivalence of aryne precursors.

Detection of segmentation cracks in top coat of thermal barrier coatings during plasma spraying by non-contact acoustic emission method.

Numerous cracks can be observed in the top coat of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) deposited by the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) method. These cracks can be classified into vertical and horizontal ones and they have opposite impact on the properties of TBCs. Vertical cracks reduce the residual stress in the top coat and provide strain tolerance. On the contrary, horizontal cracks trigger delamination of the top coat. However, monitoring methods of cracks generation during APS are rare even though they are strongly desired. Therefore, an in situ, non-contact and non-destructive evaluation method for this objective was developed in this study with the laser acoustic emission (AE) technique by using laser interferometers as a sensor. More AE events could be detected by introducing an improved noise reduction filter and AE event detection procedures with multiple thresholds. Generation of vertical cracks was successfully separated from horizontal cracks by a newly introduced scanning pattern of a plasma torch. Thus, generation of vertical cracks was detected with certainty by this monitoring method because AE events were detected only during spraying and a positive correlation was observed between the development degree of vertical cracks and the total AE energy in one experiment.