RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that atomoxetine does not significantly worsen tic severity relative to placebo in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid tic disorders. METHODS: Study subjects were 7 to 17 years old, met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for ADHD, and had concurrent Tourette syndrome or chronic motor tic disorder. Patients were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with placebo (n = 72) or atomoxetine (0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg/day, n = 76) for up to 18 weeks. RESULTS: Atomoxetine treatment was associated with greater reduction of tic severity at endpoint relative to placebo, approaching significance on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total score (-5.5 +/- 6.9 vs -3.0 +/- 8.7, p = 0.063) and Tic Symptom Self-Report total score (-4.7 +/- 6.5 vs -2.9 +/- 5.2, p = 0.095) and achieving significance on the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) tic/neurologic severity scale score (-0.7 +/- 1.2 vs -0.1 +/- 1.0, p = 0.002). Atomoxetine patients also showed greater improvement on the ADHD Rating Scale total score (-10.9 +/- 10.9 vs -4.9 +/- 10.3, p < 0.001) and CGI severity of ADHD/psychiatric symptoms scale score (-0.8 +/- 1.1 vs -0.3 +/- 1.0, p = 0.015). Discontinuation rates were not significantly different between treatment groups. Atomoxetine patients had greater increases in heart rate and decreases of body weight, and rates of treatment-emergent decreased appetite and nausea were higher. No other clinically relevant treatment differences were seen in any other vital sign, adverse event, or electrocardiographic or laboratory measures. CONCLUSIONS: Atomoxetine did not exacerbate tic symptoms. Rather, there was some evidence of reduction in tic severity with a significant reduction of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Atomoxetine treatment appeared safe and well tolerated.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Propilaminas/administração & dosagem , Transtornos de Tique/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Agonistas Adrenérgicos/administração & dosagem , Agonistas Adrenérgicos/efeitos adversos , Cloridrato de Atomoxetina , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Comorbidade , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Efeito Placebo , Propilaminas/efeitos adversos , Taquicardia/induzido quimicamente , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/terapia , Neurologia/tendências , Doença de Alzheimer , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/genética , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob , Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina , Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Terapia TrombolíticaRESUMO
A series of groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were given either secobarbital, phenobarbital, morphine, pentazocine, diazepam, methotrimeprazine, or saline (control) intraperitoneally on 4 consecutive days and then, on day 5, anesthetized with chloroform, trichlorethylene, fluroxene, halothane, methoxyflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, bromotrifluorocyclobutane, or chlorotrifluorocyclobutane. One control group received neither pretreatment nor anesthetics and another was given pretreatment but no anesthetics. The factor of "enzyme induction" is also evaluated, as are SGPT elevation and liver and kidney lesions. If enzyme induction occurred with the drugs used for pretreatment, the anesthetics suppressed the expected response. SGPT levels were generally within normal range. The combinations of all pretreatments with enflurane, halothane, or methoxyflurane had the fastest recovery; recovery was slower with the other anesthetic agents, but none of the prior chemotherapeutic drugs accelerated recovery from the inhalation anesthetics.
