Ice nucleation active bacteria metabolites as antibiofilm agent to control Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae infections in Aquaculture.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to quantify and identify metabolites of Ice Nucleation Active (INA) bacteria as an anti-biofilm agent against biofilms of fish pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae. RESULTS: Ice nucleation active bacteria, which have the ability to catalyze ice nucleation, isolated from rainwater in previous studies, were used. All INA isolates were tested in several assays, including the antimicrobial test, which uses streptomycin as the positive control and none of the isolates were found positive in the antimicrobial test. As for the quorum quenching assay, it was found that four out of ten isolates were able to disturb the communication system in Chromobacterium violaceum wild type, which was used as the indicator bacteria. On the next assay, all ten isolates were tested for Biofilm Inhibition and Destruction and showed anti-biofilm activity with the highest percentage inhibition of 33.49% by isolate A40 against A. hydrophila and 77.26% by isolate A19 against S. agalactiae. C1 performed the highest destruction against A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae, with percentages of 32.11% and 51.88%, respectively. As for the GC-MS analysis, supernatants of INA bacteria contain bioactive compounds such as sarcosine and fatty acids, which are known to have antibiofilm activity against several biofilm-forming bacteria. Through 16s rRNA sequencing, identified bacteria are from the Pantoea, Enterobacter, and Acinetobacter genera. As for the conclusion, ice nucleation active bacteria metabolites tested showed positive results against pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in destructing and inhibiting biofilm growth.

Outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a population-based real-world study.

With standard therapies for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), many patients either do not achieve complete response (CR) or relapse after CR. There are a scarcity of real-world data on outcomes of unselected patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (RR-AML). We retrospectively evaluated treatment patterns and survival outcomes of unselected patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with RR-AML identified from the Alberta Cancer Registry, Alberta, Canada, between January 2013 and December 2016. We included 199 patients who met predefined criteria for RR-AML. Following RR-AML diagnosis, 23% of patients received intensive therapy (IT), 33% non-intensive therapy (NIT), and 44% best supportive care (BSC). The unadjusted median overall survival (OS) of the study cohort was 5.3 months from the time of RR-AML diagnosis, with a 5-year OS rate of 12.6% (95% confidence interval 7.5-21.1). According to treatment intensity after RR-AML, the median OS outcomes were 13.6, 9.4, and 2.0 months for IT, NIT, and BSC groups, respectively (P<0.001). Patients who received treatment (IT or NIT) had better survival than those who received only BSC. This study emphasizes the need for newer therapy options for patients with RR-AML.

Diagnostic Validity of Self-Perceived Dental Caries in Indonesian Young Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years

Objective: To compare self-perceived information and clinically diagnosed dental caries status among Indonesian children aged 12­15 years. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was used to obtain self-perceived information. Clinical examinations were conducted to determine the mean number of decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) and the presence of severely decayed teeth with visible pulpal involvement, ulceration caused by dislocated tooth fragments, fistula, and abscess (PUFA). The study included 494 children aged 12­15 years recruited from six junior high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. The clinical examination results and responses to the self-perceived assessment questionnaire were compared to determine the sensitivity and specificity. Results: The proportions of children with dental caries and clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in this study were 69.4% and 17.6%, respectively, with mean DMFT and PUFA index scores of 2.4 and 0.2, respectively. For the DMFT index, the self-perceived need for oral treatment had the highest sensitivity (86%), while the dental pain had the highest specificity (89%). For the PUFA index, the self perceived oral health condition had the highest sensitivity (92%), while the self-perceived dental pain had the highest specificity (82%). However, none of the self-perceived variables had both high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Self-perceived information obtained from the questionnaire can not properly evaluate the clinical status of dental caries.