[Biological development of adolescents from rural areas, students of the School of Agriculture]. / Rozwój biologiczny mlodziezy wiejskiej--uczniów technikum rolniczego.

The paper contains the data on 15 somatic traits of 224 pupils of the Secondary School of Agriculture in Warsaw Voivodship, the time of menarche in girls was also noted. As compared with rural youth as a whole, their height and weight were found to be greater which is probably due to their superior living conditions. In comparison with their contemporaries living in Warsaw, their height and weight were found to be inferior while their body proportions were different. In girls, menarche appeared to have been delayed as compared with both Warsaw girls and rural girls generally throughout Poland.

[Sexual dimorphism of the somatic characteristics of Warsaw's children and adolescents in the light of secular trends]. / Dymorfizm plciowy cech somatycznych dzieci i mlodziezy warszawskiej w swietle trendu sekularnego.

Somatic development of two populations of Warsaw children and adolescents aged 3-18 years examinated in 1958/59 and 1976/80 years was compared. The following anthropometric measurements were taken into consideration: height, weight, trunk length, lower extremity length, biacromial diameters, chest breadth, chest depth, chest circumference and subscapular skinfold. Secular trend strongly expressed in boys than in girls was observed. The differences in age groups and certain somatic characteristic were found.

[Centile charts of body height, body weight and skinfold thickness of Warsaw's children and adolescents from birth to 18 years of age]. / Siatki centylowe wysokosci, masy ciala oraz grubosci faldów skórno-tluszczowych dzieci i mlodziezy warszawskiej od urodzenia do 18 roku zycia.

The tables and centile charts of height, weight and thickness of 3 skinfolds of Warsaw children from birth up to the age of 18 are presented. The data was collected in the years 1976-80. The results were compared with the data of the 60s for Warsaw children and with present figures for urban children from other towns of Poland. The acceleration of growth of Warsaw children has been established and it was stated that they were the tallest of all Polish children.

[Level and characteristics of the psychosomatic development of children from nurseries]. / Poziom i trendy rozwoju psychosomatycznego dzieci wychowywanych w zlobkach.

The authors describe the results of longitudinal complex investigations carried out in the years 1976-80 for estimating the psychomotor development, somatic development and health status of 370 children aged 12-36 month in Warsaw's cr eches . The level of psychomotor development exept language was good in children under study and depended on the psycho-educational level of personnel. The analysis of anthropological traits showed the higher value of children under study as compared with standard values (secular trend). High morbidity were also found in children from cr eches .

[Physical development of preschool children from rural areas living under favorable socioeconomic conditions]. / Rozwój fizyczny przedszkolnych dzieci wiejskich z dobrych warunków socjalno-bytowych.

The authors describe the results of auxological investigations of 980 preschool children from rural areas, born and brought up in good socioeconomic conditions (in state farms--PPGR selected according to best achievements in agricultural production). The somatic development of the analysed children was higher than that of rural children in the whole country, but lower than that of urban children. The health status of examined children should be considered as good, but a higher percentage of various types of traumas and increased caries of the first dentition are observed.

[Psychosomatic development and morbidity of 12-month-old infants in Warsaw nurseries]. / Rozwój psychosomatyczny i chorobowosc niemowlat 12-miesiecznych wychowywanych w zlobkach warszawskich.

In 1976 longitudinal investigations of psychomotor and physical development and of the health status of infants brought up in nurseries were undertaken by the Department of Development of Children and Youths of NRI ric. The group of 370 healthy 12-months old from 44 nurseries in Warsaw was studied. It was compared psychomotor and physical development of this infants with those brought up in families. The analysis showed that although psychomotor development level of infants from nurseries was normal--it was lower than the level of psychomotor development of infants brought up in the family. The authors found no considerable differences in length and weight body, head and chest circumference between the infants from children under study. Analysis of present results and similar, earlier results, allows to state advantageous changes of psychosomatic developmental factors. The biggest morbidity was observed among infants brought up in nurseries in 3-th quarter of their life. It's in accordance with average of age enrollment to nurseries. The highest percent of infants were ill in the first month after enrollment to nurseries. Among other diseases the diseases of the respiratory system, especially infections of upper breathing apparatus are in the first place. Presented work is first part of longitudinal and complex investigations.

[Centile charts of cephalometric characteristics of Warsaw's children from 1 month to 7 years of age]. / Siatki centylowe cech kefalometrycznych dzieci warszawskich w wieku od 1 miesiaca do 7 roku zycia.

The present study contains the centile charts and tables of the 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 and 95 centiles values of the 5 fundamental head dimensions: head length (g-op), head breadth (eu-eu), face height (n-gn), face breadth ( zy - zy ), and cephalic index (formula see text). They are elaborated on the basis of Warsaw children sample in the age from 1 month to 7 years of life. They are a great value for pediatric clinical diagnosis.

[Effect of the method of feeding on the physical development of infants born with symptoms of intrauterine dystrophy]. / Badania nad wplywem sposobu zywienia na rozwój fizyczny niemowlat urodzonych z objawami dystrofii wewnatrzmacicznej.

In the Clinical Department of Metabolic Studies of the National Research Institute of Mother and Child the attempt was made to stimulate physical development of S-F-D infants through introducing modifications in standard feeding in order to make up for the deficits of foetal age. In the years 1970-1975, 118 infants were under observation: 44 out of this group, in the Clinical Department, 70 in the Outpatient Clinic of Infant Nutrition disorders, 4 were observed both in the Clinical Department and in the Outpatient Clinic. The control group of 40 S-F-D- infants was observed in the Child Outpatient Department of Wola Borough of Warsaw. Foetal age of S-F-D infants underwent anthropometric measurements, psychological and neurological examinations. Investigations of haematological and biochemical indices were also carried out. Physical development of children in 4 (S,G,H,C) dietary groups was observed and compared with the control group. Initial diet differed from the standard diet, used at the National Research Institute of Mothers and Child, by excluding gluten and by replacing saccharose with glucose. In other diets (G, H and C) milk formulas with different quantitative and qualitative protein and fat content were enriched with unsaturated fatty acids. Longitudinal analysis included 61 infants from single pregnancies which were put on regular and sufficiently long (5-12 months) diet. Evaluation of physical development was based on the analysis of mean values, increments and rate of growth of body--length, body weight, arm, scapular and abdominal skin-fold thickness. These data are presented in Tables I-IX, variate curves of individual features in Figures 1-9. Somewhat higher developmental indices were observed in the group of infants fed enriched formulas with unsaturated fatty acids. Growth rate of skin-fold thickness in group S, was extremely intensive all the first year through and decreasing physiological tendencies were not observed in 4th trimester of life.

[Somatic characteristics of Warsaw children, 3 1/2 to 7 years old (authors's transl)]. / Charakterystyka somatyczna dzieci warszawskich w wieku od 3 1/2 do 7 roku zycia

Anthropometric measurements of 1031 children, 3 1/2 to 7 years old, were carried out in Warsaw in 1970. The data collected characterize the present state of the physical development of Warsaw children in the aforesaid age interval. Arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for 13 somatic traits (body height) and weight, length of lower and upper extremities; length of the trunk; shoulder and hip width; chest circumference, width and depth, head circumference; width of distal femoral epiphysis, and subscapular skinfold) (Tables I to V). They have become the basis for drawing diagrams for the graphic method of assessing the level of development of these traits. Besides, the differences between the somatic traits found by examining Warsaw children in 1959, and the traits obtained in 1970 were analysed (Fig. 1 and 2). It results from this analysis that the children examined in 1970 were taller and heavier, and that there were also differences between the other parameters. This justifies the need to bring data of this kind up-to-date. A comparison of the body height and weight of children of Warsaw, and those of two other Polish cities (Lublin and Szczecin) and of rural children (Fig. 11 and 12) show a considerable predominance of Warsaw children; this confirms the necessity to work out regional standards of somatic development.