[Clinico-immunological studies on the therapeutic efficacy of Immunal in acute bronchitis in children frequently and persistently ill]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie issledovaniia lechebnoi éffektivnosti "Immunala" pri ostrom bronkhite u chasto i dlitel'no boleiushchikh detei.

Efficacy was studied of the use of the drug preparation "Immunal" (LEK, Slovenia [correction of Slovakia]) in a combined treatment of acute bronchitis in children in poor health. The main group of 39 children received conventional treatment supplemented with a course of the drug "Immunal", 10 drops on a three-times daily schedule over 30 days. The use of "Immunal" in a complex therapy of acute bronchitis in children made for a sooner disappearance of clinical manifestations of the illness, decline in ESR, rise in IgG. The immunological properties of "Immunal" are manifested mainly by normalization of the functional state of the phagocytosing cells.

[The level of interleukins (IL-1 and IL-2) and of IL-2R+ cells in patients with acute and chronic pyelonephritis]. / Uroven' interleikinov (IL-1 i IL-2) i IL-2R+ kletok u bol'nykh ostrym i khronicheskim pielonefritom.

It has been shown that in patients with acute pyelonephritis a spontaneous production of the interleukin IL-1 remains unchanged, while that stimulated with the aid of LPS is significantly below the norm. A spontaneous secretion of IL-2 in patients with chronic pyelonephritis has also been found unchanged, whereas in acute pyelonephritis this same parameter tends to rise above the level recordable in healthy donors. The production of this lymphokine stimulated with the aid of PhHA is significantly lower both in acute and chronic pyelonephritis. The level of cells carrying receptors to IL-2 is appreciably above the norm in patients with acute pyelonephritis, whereas in those presenting with the chronic process this parameter does not differ from that in the control group. The data obtained suggest distinctive features in the interleukin link of immunity (IL-1, IL-1, IL-2P) in patients with pyelonephritis.

[The clinico-immunological effects of T-activin in the combined treatment of patients with acute suppurative pyelonephritis]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie éffekty T-aktivina v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh ostrym gnoinym pielonefritom.

Results were studied of use of T-activin in those clinical settings related to acute inflammatory diseases of the kidneys. There was a positive clinical effect from this preparation in all twenty-eight patients with acute purulent pyelonephritis, accompanied by readjustments in the patients' immune system. A rise to the norm was found to occur in T-helper counts, and accordingly, immunoregulatory index, NK-cell activity, blood microbocydic activity. The in vitro investigations done suggested the need for individual testing of immunocompetent cells of the patient to optimize the therapy.

[The therapeutic efficacy of reaferon in meningoencephalitis]. / Terapevticheskaia éffektivnost' reaferona pri meningoéntsefalite.

There have been under observation 63 patients with meningoencephalitis at the age of 15-52 years whose complex treatment included reaferon and 42 patients with the same disease who were not given the drug. Reaferon was noted to be effective in meningoencephalitis. It shortened the period of clinical manifestation of the disease, hastened sanation of the liquor, influenced beneficially interferon production and modulated activity of the natural killers.

[Immunity and the possibilities for immunomodulation in acute pyelonephritis]. / Sostoianie immuniteta i vozmozhnosti immunomoduliatsii pri ostrom pielonefrite.

The paper presents evidence on dysfunction of natural killer cells and abnormal proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclears to T- and B-cell mitogens (PHA, Phytolacca) in patients at varying stages of acute pyelonephritis. A number of immunomodulators (recombinant alpha 2-interferon, IL-2 and tactivin) produce different effects on natural killer activity and lymphocyte blast transformation in healthy donors and pyelonephritis patients. Immunotropic effects of immunopeptides depend on the drug dose, the response of various subpopulations of the immunocompetent cells being individual. It is suggested that immune system, natural killer activity in particular, plays an important part in pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis. In vitro experiments demonstrate that there can be a positive clinical response to tactivin and recombinant alpha 2-interferon administered in doses activating the function of certain immunocompetent cells.

[Acute pyelonephritis and the immunity status]. / Ostryi pielonefrit i sostoianie immuniteta.

The quantitative and functional state of different populations of immunocompetent cells was studied in 45 patients with acute serous and 46 patients with acute purulent pyelonephritis. An imbalance has been found in the system of regulatory cells, activation of phagocytosis with reduction of its reserve capacities, disorders of IL-producing capacity of mononuclears and suppression of the functional activity of NK cells.

[Effects of recombinant interleukin-2 on several characteristics of functional activity of lymphocytes from the lymph nodes regional to tumor and mononuclear cells of peripheral blood in cancer patients]. / Vliianie rekombinantnogo interleikina-2 na nekotorye osobennosti funktsional'noi aktivnosti limfotsitov regionarnykh k opukholi limfaticheskikh uzlov i mononuklearnykh kletok perifericheskoi krovi onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The level of endogenous production of IL-2 by lymphocytes of lymph nodes regional to tumour and by mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, proliferative response of these cell to recombinant IL-2, as well as a modifying influence of autologous serum and actively proliferating bioptats of autologous tumours on enumerated parameters have been studied in cancer patients (tumours of the head and neck and locomotor system). Regional IL-2-dependent immunotherapy of malignant tumors with obligatory preliminary testing for individual sensitivity of the tumor bioptat to the influence of the RIL-2 and RIL-2 activated lymphocytes is shown to be promising.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of regional interleukin-2 dependent adoptive immunocytotherapy of mice with transplanted rhabdomyosarcoma]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti regionarnoi interleikin-2-zavisimoi adoptivnoi immunotsitoterapii myshei s perevivnoi rabdomiosarkomoi.

Alternative principles of regional IL-2-dependent adoptive immunocytotherapy of malignant tumours are suggested. Regional adoptive immunocytotherapy consists in the administration of the short-term IL-2 treated lymphocytes of the lymph nodes removed from the tumour which have tumour-associated suppressor activity and spleen cells after elimination of cells with the immunosuppressive activity.

[Characteristics of production and sorption of interleukin 2 by lymphoid cells during growth of transplanted sarcoma]. / Osobennosti produktsii i sorbtsii interleikina-2 limfoidnymi kletkami v dinamike rosta perevivnykh sarkom.

The ability of lymph node and spleen cells to secrete and sorb interleukin-2 (IL-2) during the growth of sarcomas induced by 20-methylcholanthrene is studied. Lymph node cells show an increased level of IL-2 production at early stages of the tumour growth whereas spleen cells produced IL-2 in minimal amounts. A decrease in the IL-2 production by lymph node cells with the tumour growth and a relative increase of IL-2 production in the spleen cell pool are observed. At all stages of the tumour growth the ability of lymphoid cells to sorb IL-2 decreased strongly in comparison with the analogous cells of normal animals activated by mitogen. Lymph node cells of animals with tumour sorb IL-2 more effectively than splenocytes.

[Effect of exogenous interleukin 2 on the functional activity of immunocompetent cells in mice with transplanted tumors]. / Vliianie ékzogennogo interleikina-2 na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' immunokompetentnykh kletok myshei s perevivnymi opukholiami.

The use of two independent test-systems (intravenous adoptive transfer of immune response on tumour cells by intact syngenic recipient and mixed cultivation of immunocompetent and tumour cells in diffusion chambers) made it possible to establish that exogenous IL-2 possesses an expressive capacity both to the positive and to the negative modulation of immunological mechanisms during the tumour growth.

[Characteristics of cells participating in the adoptive transfer of tumor-associated suppressor activity]. / Kharakteristika kletok, uchastvuiushchikh v adoptivnom perenose opukholeassotsiirovannoi suppressornoi aktivnosti.

The application of a complex of methods for fractionation of mouse spleen cells with transplanted rhabdomyosarcomas has shown that optimal conditions for adoptive intravenous transfer of the tumour-associated suppressor activity are created under joint injection of the primed macrophages and lymphoid cells of spleen (from animals with the progressively growing tumours) interacting with the macrophages to syngenic recipients.

[Effect of cyclophosphane on the suppressor activity of spleen cells in mice with transplantable tumors]. / Vliianie tsiklofosfana na supressornuiu aktivnost' kletok selezenki myshei s perevivnymi opukholiami.

The suppressor activity of the splenic cells in the cyclophosphamide (CP)-treated BALB/c mice with transplanted tumours was studied. CP was injected according to three different therapeutic effective schedules. The analysis of non-specific and antigen-specific tumour-associated suppressor activity in the splenic cell adoptive transfer system demonstrated that CP immunomodulating influence depends on the injection schedule. Usage of the most therapeutically effective CP injection schedule ensured a relative safety of the nonspecific tumour-associated suppressor activity and depression of the specific one.

[Method of assessing the functional activity of tumor-associated suppressor cells]. / Metodika otsenki funktsional'noi aktivnosti opukholeassotsiiro-vannykh kletok-supressorov.

A relatively simple and easily reproducible method is presented for testing the activity of tumour-associated suppressor cells in the syngeneic system. It includes adoptive transfer and radioactive assay of the inhibition degree of the specific proliferative response to tumour cells of syngeneic recipients.

[Antitumor activity of the serum and lymphocytes of C57BL mice in chemical carcinogenesis]. / Protivoopukholevaia aktivnost' syvorotki i limfotsitov myshei C57BL pri khimicheskom kantserogeneze.

In chemical carcinogenesis induced by methylcholanthrene in mice C57BL the antitumor activity of sera ind lymphocytes are studied, which was assessed by their capacity to inhibit-stimulate spheroid formation by autologous tumor cells. The serum of animals being at the initial stage of the blastomatous process is found to inhibit the formation of spheroids but to reduce the functional activity of lymphocytes, while in the terminal stage of blastoma growth it contributes to the enhancement of tumor growth under direct interaction with cell-targets or indirectly through lymphocytes.

[Functional activity of the lymphocytes of mouse lymph nodes in a system of viral carcinogenesis]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' limfotsitov limfaticheskikh uzlov myshei v sisteme virusnogo kantserogeneza.

A study was made of the PHA-induced lymphocyte blastransformation (BT), and lymphocyte antitumor activity, using a model of progressive and regressive neoplastic process induced by the Moloney virus in mice BALB/c. The antitumor acitvity of lymphocytes was estimated by their ability to inhibit spheroid production by tumor cells. A lymphocyte BT and their antitumor activity was registered during a progressive growth of the tumor and its restoration as the tumor is regressing.

[Antitumor activity of the lymphocytes of BALB/c and C57BL mice during methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis]. / Protivoopukholevaia aktivnost' limfotsitov myshei BALB/c i C57BL pri metilkholantrenovom kantserogeneze

By means of the elaborated by the authors method of inhibition by lymphocytes of spheroids production by tumor cells a quantitative estimation of their antitumor activity is given in mice BALB/c and C57BL in methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis, Lymphoid cells in mice BALB/c proved to be more active functionally than lymphocytes in mice C57BL. Antitumor action of the lymphocytes is high enough at early stages of blastoma development, lymphocytes from remote lymph nodes being mostly active. At terminal stage the effector action of lymphocytes is diminished.

[3-dimensional growth (spheroid formation) of tumor cells in diffusion chambers]. / Trekhmernyi rost (sferoidoobrazovanie) opukholevykh kletok v diffuzionnykh kamerakh

The three-dimension growth -- spheroidoformation of tumor cells of the primary MX-induced sarcoma in mice BALB/c, C57BL, and C3H/Sn, was studied. The tumor cells were cultured on millipore filters of the diffusion chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavity of normal syngeneic mice.

[Use of scanning electron microscopy for studying the intersection of lymphocytes with tumor cells]. / Primenenie èlektronnoi skaniruiushchei mikroskopii dlia izucheniia vzeimodeistviia limfotsitov s opukholevymi kletkami.

With the aid of steroscan microscopy it was found that the state of surface membranes of the cells under study showed a significant change during the interaction of lymphocytes of BALB/C mice--bearers of methylcholantrene-induced sarcoma--with autologous tumour cells. Lymphocytes separated from the autologous tumour cells by a millipore filter formed long cytoplasmic processes which passed through the filter pores and came into close contact with tumour cells. Tumour cells acquired a spherical shape, and became swollen; "openings" appeared in the surface membrane, and this led to cell lysis.