[Seasonal fluctuations of intraoperative blood loss in hip joint replacement]. / Sezonnye kolebaniia intraoperatsionnoi krovopoteri pri éndoprotezirovanii tazobedrennogo systava.

Under analysis was the level of intraoperative blood loss in total endopropsthesis of the hip joint in 513 patients operated upon for degenerative-dystrophic processes of consequences of trauma in the period from 1996 to 1999. The assessment of seasonal variations of its value was made. It was shown that the volume of blood loss is dependent on two groups of factors: medical and associated with the influence of the environment. The least "chronorisk" of excessive blood loss was noted in the period from July to November, the greatest--from January to June (with the maximum in March and reduction in May).

Optical particle-sizing method that provides optical isolation of the sampling volume.

We have constructed and tested a novel particle sizer that employs particle counting (the time-domain approach) rather than the ensemble-diffraction approach that currently dominates the market in atmospheric-dust particle sizers. The method does not depend on mechanical devices to restrict particles within the sampling volume but instead allows for optical isolation of the sampling volume. This technique is useful for atmospheric-dust measurements for which nonobtrusive measurement is often desirable.

Wavelet-based vector quantization for high-fidelity compression and fast transmission of medical images.

Compression of medical images has always been viewed with skepticism, since the loss of information involved is thought to affect diagnostic information. However, recent research indicates that some wavelet-based compression techniques may not effectively reduce the image quality, even when subjected to compression ratios up to 30:1. The performance of a recently designed wavelet-based adaptive vector quantization is compared with a well-known wavelet-based scalar quantization technique to demonstrate the superiority of the former technique at compression ratios higher than 30:1. The use of higher compression with high fidelity of the reconstructed images allows fast transmission of images over the Internet for prompt inspection by radiologists at remote locations in an emergency situation, while higher quality images follow in a progressive manner if desired. Such fast and progressive transmission can also be used for downloading large data sets such as the Visible Human at a quality desired by the users for research or education. This new adaptive vector quantization uses a neural networks-based clustering technique for efficient quantization of the wavelet-decomposed subimages, yielding minimal distortion in the reconstructed images undergoing high compression. Results of compression up to 100:1 are shown for 24-bit color and 8-bit monochrome medical images.

[Aerospace toxicology: basic stages of formation and prospects of development]. / Aviatsionno-kosmicheskaia toksikologiia, osnovnye étapy stanovleniia i perspektivy razvitiia.

The review shows the basic stages of development of aerospace toxicology. It traces the way of forming this research direction from its origin to the present day. Study methods are being improved as practical tasks are becoming more intricate. The names of the Institute's employees who take an active part in the development of this problem and the advances made are enlisted. The results of researches are summed up and further trends are outlined.

[Adaptation to anthropogenic chemical compounds in human applied ecology]. / Nekotorye aspekty adaptatsii k antropogennym khimicheskim soedineniiam v prikladnoi ékologii cheloveka.

The literature data pointing to the fact that man can actively adapt to the effect of chemical substances at doses not exceeding hygienic norms are presented. However using some medical measures it is possible to increase to some extent the body resistance to the effect of chemical impurities of the environment and thus delaying for some time the development of disadaptation disorders induced by these impurities.

[Approaches to the study of the incidence of benign tumors in the pediatric population]. / Podkhody k izucheniiu chastoty dobrokachestvennykh opukholei v detskoi populiatsii.

Occurrence of benign tumors in large pediatric population have never been studied. Basing on the data on the pediatric population of Khabarovsk, the authors developed a method of improved analysis of benign tumor morbidity. The method suggests the use of case histories as well as medical check-up data. Mathematical modelling was employed to compare primary incidence and occurrence indexes. The improved mean incidence of benign tumors in children for 1985-1989 was 66.8 cases and improved occurrence--174.2 per 10,000 children. The values are by the order of magnitude higher than those reported by hospitals.

Diet and colorectal cancer: results of two case-control studies in Russia.

Two case-control studies of diet and colorectal cancer were conducted in Moscow and Khabarovsk. The Moscow study comprised 100 cases of colorectal cancer and 100 neighbourhood controls. The Khabarovsk study consisted of 117 cases of colorectal cancer and 117 population controls. A history of the usual dietary intake one year prior to interview was taken using a food frequency questionnaire. Effects were adjusted in analysis for energy intake and education. Significantly reduced risks were observed with high intakes of cellulose (P = 0.001), beta-carotene (P = 0.002), vitamin C (P = 0.007), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P = 0.004), cholesterol (P = 0.04), and with a high ratio of PUFA to saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P = 0.002). Significant increases in risk were observed in association with high ratios of intakes of protein to cellulose (P = 0.002) and of fat to cellulose (P = 0.008). High intake of total fat was associated with non-significant decrease in the risk (P = 0.12), while high intake of SFA resulted in statistically non-significant increase in risk (P = 0.40). Significant reductions in risk were associated with high frequencies of consumption of vegetables (P = 0.001) and fruit (P = 0.009). There were results suggestive of a decreased risk with a high frequency of milk consumption (P = 0.06) and an increased risk in association with a ratio of meat to vegetable frequencies (P = 0.09). After adjustment among factors effecting risk of colorectal cancer statistically significant increase in the risk was seen only for protein/cellulose ratio and significant protective effect for PUFA/SFA ratio, beta-carotene and vegetable consumption.

[The neurological essence of the "traumatized shin" syndrome]. / O nevrologicheskoi sushchnosti sindroma "travmirovannoi goleni".

Fractures of the shin are often accompanied by injuries of muscular and cutaneous branches of the tibial and fibular nerves. In patients with a similar trauma there appears a polyvalent complex of pathological reactions and functional disorders. An experience with treatment of patients with the above pathology allows a conclusion to be made that treatment of neurites should be started from the very first days of admittance of the patients to the hospital.

[Use of bemitil for increasing the resistance of the human body to combined effects of carbon monoxide and heating microclimate]. / Ispol'zovanie bemitila dlia povysheniia ustoichivosti organizma cheloveka k sochetannomu vozdeistviiu oksida ugleroda i nagreva- iushchego mikroklimata

Basing on experimental data, it was established that single administration of 0.5 mg bemitil increased human resistance to carbon oxide in concentration 300 mg/m3. The use of bemitil optimized human body state in the conditions of the complex influence of carbon oxide and extreme heating microclimate.

[Early complex treatment of fractures of leg bones and peripheral nerve injuries]. / Ranniaia kompleksnaia terapiia pri perelomakh kostei konechnostei s povrezhdeniem perifericheskikh nervov.

A retrospective analysis of results of treatment of 104 patients with fractures of long tubular bones associated with injuries of peripheral nerves has shown complex therapy to be necessary. Main components of this treatment were biogenic stimulators, vitamin B12, spasmolytic and dehydration drugs in combination with electrophoresis with potassium iodide and thermal procedures. Rapid disturbance of conductivity of nerve trunks after trauma should be followed by revision of the given segment of the extremity in order to remove hematoma and make reposition of displaced fragments of the bone, which can provide recovery of the disturbed function of the nerve.

[Various characteristics of the action of chemical substances on general adaptability of the body]. / O nekotorykh osobennostiakh vliianiia khimicheskikh soedinenii na obshchuiu adaptosposobnost' organizma.

The article presents a summation of medical literature data and the author's personal studies to the effect that human organism's real adaptation to chemical compounds' action can exist only within standardized limits. Deadapting and disadapting chemical actions have been studied, and it was shown that the peculiarities of their action on the organism's adaptability determine the nature of the total biological response in case with complex chemical and other actions.

[Quantitative evaluation of combined effects of carbon monoxide, toluene and hot microclimate on humans]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka sochetannogo deistviia na organizm cheloveka oksida ugleroda, toluola i nagrevaiushchego mikroklimata.

As a result of the proposed study it was established that a complex action of carbon oxide and toluene++ in 300 mg/m3 concentration in a combination with heating microclimate (leading to a maximum heat labour condition) results in an increased total biological effect. The coefficient to the complex action of carbon oxide and heating microclimate is equal to 2.5 and toluene++ and heating microclimate to 1.9. These coefficients should be taken into account in establishing hygienic norms for the chemical compounds.