[Investigation of the threshold characteristics of visual information perception by operator controlling the illumination parameters in the 105-day experiment in isolation].

The investigations of threshold frequency characteristics (TFC) of the visual analyzer and labor productivity were carried out during 105-d isolation of volunteers in an airtight module illuminated by LED lamps adjustable to personal psychophysiological needs. Software and calculation procedure were devised to assist the chromatic TFC-based determination of photometric parameters. Data of analysis of actual mood and vision contrast sensitivity when looking at a three-color image suggested that visual performance could be improved by achieving light color adequacy to TFC of individual vision. The results of experimental investigations showed once again efficiency of the proposed methods and their relevance to the objectives of the extended ground-based experiment simulating an exploration mission to Mars.

[Trends in the acoustic environment at the International space station in the period of time of the ISS missions from one to fifteen].

Acoustics measurements in the Service module of the International space station were performed at the workplaces with the vehicle and life support systems and equipment in operational status, and at the crew sleeping sites. Analysis of the measuring results revealed violation of the noise limits across the whole module. Measures were taken to abate noise at the place of origin and along the propagation path in order to prevent its negative effects on crew health.

[Role of space-frequency characteristics of vision organ in the human psychophysiological state and performance].

Light conditions and color scheme of closed environments should be favorable to human performance. Space station lighting system should ensure visual comfort during work and be appropriate for crew health and well-being. To be successful in solving these problems, it is important to have objective data about luminosity and chromaticity distribution in closed environments. Experiments aimed to investigate the vision color space-frequency characteristic (SFC) were performed using a set of psychophysiological sensors. Contrast sensitivity of pre-adapted operators was determined by thresholds of perceiving object's advent and disappearance, as well as by tracking time and adaptation and test luminosity. Analysis of the experimental data made it evident that color contrast sensitivity and, therefore, SFC of the organ of vision are valuable markers of the interdependence between the visual information processing and psychophysiological status of human. Color SFC illustrates deviations and also enables their quantification. Changes in psychophysiological parameters bring about commensurate deviations in color SFC; consequently, SFC can be implemented in neuroinformation technologies of health recovery and light-and-color control of environment.

[Evaluation of the practicability of linen bed-clothes and underwear in space flight].

The evaluation was performed in a pressurized chamber (ground-based experimental facility) with participation of nine volunteered test-subjects. Linen and cotton underwear and bed-clothes were intercompared by physiological and hygienic well-being of the test-subjects Comparison was made with the help of methods of the sanitary-hygienic assessment and clinical-physiological investigations, and subjective data. Alterations in integument microflora were observed in all the test-subjects irrelative of type of textile. The extent of disbiotic shifts varied with volunteers and did not depend on type of textile. The weighted mean cutaneous and body temperatures were lower in the test-subjects provided with the linen bed-clothes and underwear. According to the clinical investigations, general condition of the test-subjects was stably good no matter type of textile.

[Hygienic evaluation of the acoustic conditions inside the habitable compartments of the Russian segment of the International Space Station during increment one]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka akusticheskoi obstanovki v zhilykh otsekakh rossiiskogo segmenta Mezhdunarodnoi kosmicheskoi stantsii v period raboty pervoi osnovnoi ékspeditsii.

Acoustic measurements made in the ISS RS as a part of the ground assembly testing and during ISS increment-I showed that noise at the RS workplaces was 1.3 to 4.8 dBA higher than during the assembly testing and exceeded the MIR noise values by 2.4 to 5.0 dBA. Comparison of the MIR and ISS RS acoustic environment revealed that most often inadmissible noise was characteristic of the same locations, i.e close to the air conditioner and system Vozdukh. Noise measurements in the Service Module crew quarters did not diverge significantly from results of the ground testing, and MIR noise monitoring. These data verified the necessity for spacecraft designers to predict noise levels and select noise-suppressing methods already on the phase of research and development.

[Sound-suppressing properties of textiles]. / Shumozaglushaiushchie svoistva tekstil'nykh materialov.

Development types of textile wallpapers and linen cloths (five samples of each) were tested for suppressing sounds in the range from 45 to 75 dBA. Based on test results, sound-suppressing properties of the development types were evaluated and acoustic efficiency as a function of textile thickness and number of layers was determined. Wallpaper Art 50T was found to be the best suppressor of both general sounds and the 2000-8000 Hz octave frequency bands.