How Does the Powder Mixture of Ibuprofen and Caffeine Attenuate the Solubility of Ibuprofen? Comparative Study for the Xanthine Derivatives to Recognize Their Intermolecular Interactions Using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectra, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray Powder Diffractometry (XRPD).

Molecular interactions between active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and xanthine (XAT) derivatives were analyzed using singular value decomposition (SVD). XAT derivatives were mixed with equimolar amounts of ibuprofen (IBP) and diclofenac (DCF), and their dissolution behaviors were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The solubility of IBP decreased in mixtures with caffeine (CFN) and theophylline (TPH), whereas that of DCF increased in mixtures with CFN and TPH. No significant differences were observed between the mixtures of theobromine (TBR) or XAT with IBP and DCF. Mixtures with various molar ratios were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to further explore these interactions. The results were subjected to SVD. This analysis provides valuable insights into the differences in interaction strength and predicted interaction sites between XAT derivatives and APIs based on the combinations that form mixtures. The results also showed the impact of the XAT derivatives on the dissolution behavior of IBP and DCF. Although IBP and DCF were found to form intermolecular interactions with CFN and TPH, these effects resulted in a reduction of the solubility of IBP and an increase in the solubility of DCF. The current approach has the potential to predict various interactions that may occur in different combinations, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the impact of health supplements on pharmaceuticals.

Effects of Heat Treatment on Indomethacin-Cimetidine Mixture; Investigation of Drug-Drug Interaction Using Singular Value Decomposition in FTIR Spectroscopy.

This study investigated the effect of phase transformation on indomethacin (IMC), cimetidine (CIM), and their 1:1 eutectic mixture, using FTIR spectra and multivariate analysis. The IMC form γ, CIM form A, and IMC-CIM 1:1 mixture molar ratio samples were heated on a hot plate at 303-453 K for 5 min and cooled till room temperature. The prepared samples were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy with KBr powder. The PXRD patterns suggested the bulk IMC form γ, bulk CIM form A, and 1:1 physical mixture samples phase transformed into low-crystallinity IMC form γ, amorphous CIM, and eutectic mixture, respectively. FTIR spectra combined with singular value decomposition (SVD) suggested by absorbance peak shifts of several vibration modes that the polymorphic transformations of the samples affect their molecular interactions. The estimated melting points of heated samples were evaluated by sigmoid fitting based on the SVD results. The principal components of SVD show that the process of phase transformation of IMC-CIM 1:1 mixture samples affect the IR vibration of the CO stretch of IMC and the C-C stretch and C-H bending of CIM. These results suggest that molecular interaction is an important factor in the eutectic condition of IMC-CIM 1:1 mixture. This observation enables to evaluate for in co-amorphous formulations or stability of drug combinations in a poly pill.