[Infection syndrome in acute radiation sickness patients subjected to Chernobyl accident].

In spite of intensive antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy, most patients with acute radiation sickness I-IV severity grade (dose of 0.1-13.7 Gy) developed infections caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Frequency and intensity of those infections were proportional to the radiation dose and severity grade of radiation sickness.

[Antiradiation effects of leucynferon on dogs and guinea pigs]. / Protivoluchevaia éffektivnost' leikinferona u sobak i morskikh svinok.

In experiments with two species of animals (dogs, guinea pigs) irradiated with sublethal and lethal doses of gamma-rays, it was observed, that leucynferon had antiradiation effect. Course of injections: dogs--8 injections subcutaneus: 2.0 ml (1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 14, 21, 34 days after irradiation); guinea pigs--14 injections subcutaneus, 0.2 ml (1-14 days after irradiation). Therapeutical effect was explained by capacity of the preparation to defend the hemopoietic organs from the radiation and to stimulate hemopoiesis. Leucynferon hindered the development of acute radiation sickness symptoms. Immunoreactivity of dogs and guinea pigs in experimental group was more complete and restored faster. The growth of the automicroflora on the skin was restrained. Production of interferon-gamma (which is a function of T-lymphocytes) was restored faster.

[Radiation damage to the hemopoietic system of mice, carriers of the leukemia virus]. / Radiatsionnoe porazhenie sistemy gemopoéza u myshei--nositelei virusa leikoza.

The experiments with AKR mice, that are carriers of the T-cell leukemia virus showed their higher radiosensitivity as compared to (CBA x C57Bl)F1 mice in respect of survival and hemopoietic status. The regular patterns observed are presumed to result from lower ability of AKR mice to repair radiation damage and provide resistance to infections.

[Therapeutic antiradiation properties of leukinferon]. / Protivoluchevye terapevticheskie svoistva leikinferona,

In experiments with three species of animals (mice, rabbits, monkeys) irradiated with sublethal and lethal doses of gamma-irradiation, it was observed, that leukinferon used in 4 hours or 10 days after provided antiradiation therapeutical effect. When lethal dose was used (mice) the survival of animals was significantly increased. The preparation decreased depression of the functional activity of leukocytes as it was observed with IFH-alpha and gamma-production. Pestoring this function was accelerated. Phenomena pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by radiation were decreased. Therapeutical effect was explained with capacity of the preparation to defence the hemopoietic organs from the radiation and to stimulate hematopoiesis. So, spleen weights and quantity of cells into bone marrow were higher in experimental group in comparison with control at any observation. CFUs were also higher (with optimal dose of preparation). Stimulation of the restoring processes was confirmed also by more intensive increasing of the reticulocyte quantities in the circulation of experimental monkeys within 20 days. Then their level became more close in both groups. The preparation stimulated also differentiation of immune effectors: immature neutrophils were absent in the circulation of experimental monkeys. Production of IFN-gamma (which is function of T-lymphocytes) was restored more fast. As a result, immunoreactivity of monkeys in experimental group was more complete and restored faster: the growth of the automicroflora on the skin surface became to increase 7 days later and was restrained. Leukinferon hindered the development of acute radiation sickness symptoms.

[The radioprotective and interferonogenic properties of influenza vaccine]. / Radioprotektivnye i interferonogennye svoistva grippoznoi vaktsiny.

Different methods of prophylactic treatment with influenza virus vaccine increase survival of irradiated mice and hamsters by 25-55% as compared to unprotected ones. Higher radioresistance occurs in the same time intervals as a rise of interferon in the blood after immunization with influenza virus vaccine.

[Effect of bacterial preparations on the hematopoiesis of irradiated animals]. / Vliianie bakterial'nykh preparatov na gemopoéz obluchennykh zhivotnykh.

It was shown in experiments with mice and dogs that bacterial preparations (vaccinum proteus, prodigiosanum, bificolum and bificolum-f) administered before or after gamma-irradiation have a stimulating effect on hemopoiesis. It is supposed that bacterial polysaccharides play an important role in this action.

[The skin autologous microflora index as a test for predicting acute morbidity in mass medical examinations of workers]. / Pokazatel' automikroflory kozhi, kak test dlia prognoza ostroi zabolevaemosti pri massovykh meditsinskikh osmotrakh rabotaiushchikh.

Basing on assessment of skin microflora in 3186 apparently health able-bodied individuals and on subsequent study of acute morbidity, the authors revealed direct dependence between these parameters: only 3.4% of people with normal level of microflora became ill during 1 month after the examination, the value of those with higher level was 15.5%. Therefore the skin microflora test could serve for prognosis.

[Short- and long-term immune status in people after radiation injury as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station]. / Sostoianie immunnogo statusa u liudei v blizhaishie i otdalennye sroki posle luchevogo porazheniia v rezul'tate avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

Humoral and cellular factors of the immune system of 133 subjects injured in the Chernobyl accident were studied during first 1.5-2 months after radiation, 5-17 months and 3 years after they suffered acute radiation sickness (I-IV degree). Significant disorders in the immune system correlating with the severity of the disease were recorded. In late terms certain shifts persisted in the immune status of subjects who had suffered acute radiation sickness, II and III degree.

[Microbiological and immunological disorders in acute radiation disease patients, victims of the Chernobyl AES accident]. / Mikrobiologicheskie i immunologicheskie narusheniia u bol'nykh ostroi luchevoi bolezn'iu, postradavshikh pri avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

As many as 138 patients with acute radiation sickness, grades O-IV, were examined over time. It has been revealed that disorders in microecology and humoral immunity agreed well with the severity of radiation damage.

[The anti-infective action of immunoglobulins administered at delayed times after irradiation]. / Antiinfektsionnoe deistvie immunoglobulinov v obluchennom organizme pri otsrochennom primenenii.

In experiments with CBA and CBA X C57Bl(F-1) mice it was shown that the radio-protective efficacy and the anti-infectious influence of homo- and heterologous immunoglobulin (IG) applied one, two and three times in the period from 4h to 9 days following irradiation with doses of LD80-95/30. This was displayed by the increased survival rate and normalization of intestinal microflora in treated animals in comparison with untreated ones. Heterologous IG administered at varying times (5 to 20 days) after irradiation with the dose of 4.8 Gy increased the resistance of treated mice to infection with living E. coli culture.

[The immuno-microbiological status of mice after partial exposure to x-rays and the possibility of its correction using immunoglobulin]. / Immunomikrobiologicheskii status myshei pri partsial'nom rentgenovskom obluchenii i vozmozhnost' ego korrektsii s pomoshch'iu immunoglobulina.

Partial X-irradiation of the hind part of mouse body with a dose of 12 Gy (LD15/30) was shown to produce a pronounced harmful effect on the clinico-hematologic and immuno-microbiological characteristics that could be coped with by a single subcutaneous injection of homologous immunoglobulin (200 mg/kg) 2 h following irradiation.

Normalizing effect of immunoglobulins in the treatment of endogenous infection and intestinal dysbacteriosis in irradiated mice.

It has been demonstrated in experiments on 2160 CBA mice and mice of mixed breed, irradiated by LD90/30, that therapeutical administration (subcutaneous or intraperitoneal) of immunoglobulins - homologous (polyglobulin, IgG, IgM) or heterologous - polyglobulin, IgG (from human, equine, canine blood) repeated three times, i.e., 2, 24 and 48 hours after irradiation, not only induces longer survival, but also shows a normalizing effect on the commonly developing dysbacteriosis and increased amount of intestinal microflora and, in addition, leads to suppression of postirradiation endogenous infection. Enterobacteria, enterococci, staphylococci, yeasts, disappear from the small intestine or their quantity decreases substantially in treated irradiated mice in contrast to untreated irradiated mice. In the large intestine, the amount of these organisms decreases considerably while the content of lactobacteria increases; no microbes can be found in the internal organs and in blood (or their content is small). Other conditions being equal, homologous immunoglobulins are more efficient in comparison with heterologous, this applying also to preparations containing normal antibodies to tissues.

[Methods of enhancing the radioprotective efficacy of serum immunoglobulin]. / Nekotorye sposoby povysheniia protivoluchevoi éffektivnosti immunoglobulina krovi.

In this work the authors propose three ways of increasing the radioprotective efficiency of immunoglobulin: in vitro irradiation with gamma-quanta (60Co, 20,000 Gy), increasing the time of storage of whole blood (raw material for immunoglobulin production) up to 5-7 days at +4 degrees C, and the application of immunoglobulin with antibiotics. In experiments in vitro it was first shown that a combination of immunoglobulin with gentamicin exerted a pronounced bactericidal effect on E. coli. The effect was absent with immunoglobulin and markedly less pronounced with gentamicin used separately.

[Effect of homologous immunoglobulin with normal anti-tissue antibodies on the development of strontium-90-induced osteosarcomas in rats]. / Vliianie gomologichnogo immunoglobulina s normal'nymi protivotkanevymi antitelami na razvitie u krys osteosarkom, indutsirovannykh strontsiem-90.

In experiments on Wistar rats it was shown that homologous immunoglobulin (a single dose of 25 mg/kg), with normal antitissue antibodies, subcutaneously injected in the following manner: a single injection 90 days or 6 months, or double injection 3 and 6 months after intraperitoneal administration of strontium 90 (11.1 kBq/kg) reduces osteosarcoma occurrence and increases the average lifetime of animals.

[New data on the biological action of normal immunoglobulins]. / Novye dannye o biologicheskom deistvii normal'nykh immunoglobulinov.

Experiments on 2,520 CBA mice (CBA X X C57BL) F1 nice have shown that the injection of homologous serum immunoglobulins (obtained from intact and blood-stimulated animals), made 2 hours after gamma irradiation from a 60Co source, prevents the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis and endogenous infection. The injection of mouse and human immunoglobulins to nonirradiated mice improved their resistance to experimental infection with Escherichia coli live culture, increased the expression of receptors to the Fc-fragments of IgG in peritoneal macrophages and enhanced the physical working capacity of the animals. The preparations containing normal antitissular antibodies have proved to be particularly effective. In mice, rabbits and dogs the preparations under test have produced no changes in the general state of the animals, no local reactions and no disturbances in the cardiovascular activity.

[Comparative radioprotective efficacy of native and irradiated in vitro immunoglobulins from horse serum]. / Sravnitel'naia protivoluchevaia éffektivnost' nativnogo i obluchennogo in vitro immunoglobulinov syvorotki krovi loshadei.

The therapeutic application of native and in vitro exposed (20000 Gy immunoglobulins of horse blood serum increased the survival of irradiated (LD75-95) animals, normalized the quantitative and qualitative status of the small intestine microflora and prevented enterobacteria from penetrating the internal organs. The irradiated preparations were more active than native ones.