Evaluation of child with asthma and her caregivers based on the Pender health promotion model, and linkages of NANDA, NIC-NOC: A case presentation.

PURPOSE: Despite highly effective asthma treatments, the prevalence of asthma is increasing in children and adolescents. Despite easy access to asthma control, sufficient control and management are not achieved. Asthma management is crucial to prevent the development of asthma symptoms and attacks, reduce repeated hospitalizations, and prevent a decrease in the quality of life for both the child and caregivers. This case study aims to increase the utilization of theories, models, and classification systems by evaluating a child diagnosed with asthma for 6 years and their caregivers based on Pender's health promotion model (PHPM). Furthermore, the study aims to establish a connection with NANDA, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), thereby formulating a nursing care plan. METHODS: This case study evaluated a child diagnosed with asthma for 6 years and their caregivers based on PHPM. A nursing care plan was developed by establishing connections with NANDA, NIC, and NOC and based on Pender's health promotion. FINDINGS: By establishing connections with NANDA, NIC, and NOC, a nursing care plan of a total of six included nursing diagnoses has been created as five based on the PHPM. CONCLUSION: The care plan implemented improved S.B.K.'s clinical condition. Furthermore, the mother's social support increased, and her confidence in managing asthma improved. As a result of implementing the model, the mother reached the potential to develop healthy behaviors for S.B.K. and make future-oriented plans. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: It is recommended that NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC, along with PHPM, be used in clinical nursing care and scientific research to enhance the presentation of quality care and the individual's future health potential.

"I Pumped That Milk Off My Breast and Dumped It in Trash": Breastfeeding Experiences of Mothers Working in Hospital Radiation Settings-A Qualitative Study.

Purpose: The qualitative study was conducted to determine the breastfeeding experiences of mothers working in radiation areas in hospitals. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Turkey between December 2022 and February 2023 through in-depth interviews held with 13 mothers who met the inclusion criteria. The content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. Results: As a result of the analyses of the data obtained in the interviews, four themes regarding the breastfeeding experiences of health professionals working in radiation environments in hospitals were identified. These themes were institutional/administrative obstacles, support systems, unhealthy childcare, and feeling of incompetence as a mother. The main theme of unhealthy childcare consisted of four categories, which were low-quality breast milk, toxic breast milk, frequent diseases, and future risk of cancer. The main theme of feeling of incompetence as a mother was composed of three categories, which were fear, feeling of guilt, and "Am I a mother?" The theme of institutional/administrative obstacles consisted of three categories, namely working environment, working duration, and awareness of managers. Finally, the theme of support systems included two categories, positive perceptions and negative perceptions. Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that the mothers who worked in radiation areas in hospitals experienced problems due to individual, social, and institutional factors. The main concern of the mothers was found to be hurting their infants with their breast milk. Suitable working environments and the adequacy of practices related to daycare centers, social support, and motherhood rights are the main needs of working mothers aiming to keep breastfeeding their infants.

Difficulties Experienced by Turkish Parents With Children in Pediatric Palliative Care: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

We aimed to identify the difficulties of the parents of pediatric palliative care patients and how they cope with these problems in this qualitative study in Turkey. This study was carried out with 20 parents by in-depth interviews. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Four themes were identified: The problems in the process of acceptance, the difficulties of being at the hospital, the expectations from the health staff, the coping strategies. The families had difficulties in coping with the end-of-life of their children. Future researches may focus on the effectiveness of family-centered care and the experience of parents with its implementation. The findings suggest that social support resources and coping strategies can play an important role in the acceptance of the child's disease process and maintenance of palliative care effectively.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and health-related quality of life among university students in Turkey.

The COVID-19 health crisis has reached pandemic scale spreading globally. The present study examines the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on psychological and physical health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among university students in Turkey. A cross-sectional survey design was used for data collection. From May 11th to May 15th 2020, the study utilized snowball sampling techniques to gather data through an online survey. The pandemic's psychological effects on participants were measured by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey assess related HRQOL were used to make mental health assessments. 1120 university students were contacted to complete the survey. Of these, a total of 1095 completed the survey, translating to a participation rate of 97.7%. Overall, 64.6%, 48.6% and 45.2%, and 34.5% of all participants self-reported symptomatic signs of depression, anxiety, stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), respectively. Female gender and poor family relationships were identified as risk factors for probably PTSD, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress as well. The mean scores of Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) and Mental Component Summary (MCS-12) were 66.99 ± 2.14 and 40.76 ± 2.31, respectively. Students suspected of a history with PTSD had considerably lower total scores for PCS-12 and MCS-12, when cross checked for similarity to those without such a history. The findings of this research suggest that evidence of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress is commonly apparent among university students during the period of the COVID-19 crisis. Prevention and intervention approaches to attenuate the psychosocial impact should be an integral component of crisis response during pandemic conditions.

Pain management in children during invasive procedures: A randomized clinical trial.

AIMS: This study was performed to determine the effect of distraction technique that was applied to 4-6-year-old children during blood drawal for decreasing the pain of the child during the procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out as randomized controlled trial. Data were collected by individual information form, Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), and a timer. Virtual reality glasses were used for distraction in the study. RESULTS: Pain intensity and duration of crying significantly differed between the control and experimental groups. During the procedure, mean score of the children in the experimental group from "faces pain scale" was found to be 3.82 ± 1.20; the control group from "faces pain scale" was found to be 6.96 ± 2.08; and statistically significant differences were detected between both groups (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). When their duration of crying was examined, it was determined that mean crying time among the children in the experimental group was 8.43 ± 12.42 s and it was 33.65 ± 24.02 s among the children in control group; and the difference between groups was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: It was detected that using virtual reality glasses was an effective method in decreasing pain of the children during blood drawal procedure.

Examination of the effects of technological device use on preschool children's quality of life: An exploratory and cross-sectional study.

AIM: This exploratory and cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effects of technological device use on preschool children's life quality. METHODS: One hundred twenty-five preschool students were recruited from two kindergartens affiliated to the Directorate of National Education in provincial centre of Zonguldak, Turkey. Personal Information Form and Quality of Life Scale for Young Children (KINDL Quality of Life Scale) were tools for data, collected by the researcher herself from parents through face-to-face interview method. RESULTS: It was found in the study that 54.4% of the parents and 42.4% of their children who were involved in the study were frequently used technological devices. Mean score of the children's KINDL Quality of Life Scale was 79.2 (9.5; range 57-99). When comparing this score and its subscales with children's desire to not sleep due to playing virtual games and so forth, the differences between all the other subscales except self-esteem were significant (p < 0.05). A significant difference was also found between the children's sleeping hours and subscales such as self-esteem, physical and emotional health (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show that more than half of the parents and their children frequently use the technological devices. Healthcare providers should inform the parents regarding the possibly negative consequences such as negatively affecting the children's quality of life.

The Calming Effect of Maternal Breast Milk Odor on Term Infant: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: This study was carried out to assess the effect of the odor of breast milk and formula milk on reducing the acute pain of newborn infants during the heel-prick blood sampling. Methods: Eighty-four newborn were randomly assigned into two groups (formula milk group and breast milk group) with 42 infant searches. The pain that the newborn felt before, during, and after heel-prick blood sampling was assessed using Neonatal Infant Pain Scale; their heart rate and blood oxygen saturation were measured with a pulse oximeter. Saliva samples were taken from newborns before and after sampling, and their salivary cortisol level was measured. During sampling, the crying duration of newborn was recorded with a chronometer. Results: The pain threshold and heart rates of the newborn in the breast milk group were significantly lower than those in the formula milk group (p < 0.001). Salivary cortisol in the formula milk group increased and oxygen saturation levels in these infants decreased significantly more as compared to the breast milk group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The odor of breast milk may be helpful in reducing the pain of newborn during heel-prick blood sampling.

The Effect of a Social Skills Program on Violent Behaviors in Children Aged 60~72 Months.

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of a child and parent program on developing social skills for preventing violent behaviors in children aged 60~72 months through a specially developed pre and posttest, control group, quasi-experimental study. METHODS: A social skills development program based on Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory was used. The data were collected using the Social Skills Assessment Scale (SSAS), a Chart to Monitor Verbal and Behavioral Violence in Children, the Parental Attitude Scale and the Parent Interview Form. This quasi-experimental study that included a pretest, posttest, and control group had a sample comprising 67 children and parents, with 36 in the experimental group, and 31 in the control group. RESULTS: Over a six-month period, while the social skill scores of the children in the experimental and control groups increased, their violent behaviors decreased (p<.050). Increase in social skill scores and decrease in violent behaviors were higher in the experimental than in the control group children (p<.050). The parents in the experimental group stated that they had started to empathize with their children, using "I" language, and applied rules more consistently after the program. CONCLUSION: This program was successful in preventing violent behaviors in children through the development of social skills. Hence, it can be effectively implemented through a teacher/nurse collaboration.

The Effect of a Social Skills Program on Violent Behaviors in Children Aged 60~72 Months

Purpose@#To determine the effects of a child and parent program on developing social skills for preventing violent behaviors in children aged 60~72 months through a specially developed pre and posttest, control group, quasi-experimental study. @*Methods@#A social skills development program based on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory was used. The data were collected using the Social Skills Assessment Scale (SSAS), a Chart to Monitor Verbal and Behavioral Violence in Children, the Parental Attitude Scale and the Parent Interview Form. This quasi-experimental study that included a pretest, posttest, and control group had a sample comprising 67 children and parents, with 36 in the experimental group, and 31 in the control group. @*Results@#Over a six-month period, while the social skill scores of the children in the experimental and control groups increased, their violent behaviors decreased (p<.050). Increase in social skill scores and decrease in violent behaviors were higher in the experimental than in the control group children (p<.050). The parents in the experimental group stated that they had started to empathize with their children, using “I” language, and applied rules more consistently after the program. @*Conclusion@#This program was successful in preventing violent behaviors in children through the development of social skills. Hence, it can be effectively implemented through a teacherurse collaboration.