A zoonotic parasite, Linguatula serrata, infection in a dog imported from Ethiopia to the United States.

A moderate number of oval-shaped, 114.7 × 61.3 µm in size, amber-colored, arthropod-like eggs that had chitinous, smooth, semi-thickened outer wall and 2-4 short appendages armed with 2 terminal hook-like structures were detected in multiple fecal samples from an approximately 9-month-old, intact female, collie-mixed dog that had been recently imported from Ethiopia to Oklahoma, United States. Initially the unusual arthropod-like eggs were considered to be a pseudoparasite, most likely mite eggs. However, based on the history of the dog, morphology of the eggs, and presence of the eggs in repetitive fecal flotations, a pentastomid, Linguatula serrata, was suspected. DNA extraction and PCR analysis of the partial 18S rRNA gene were performed on the eggs, and nucleic acid sequence showed 100% homology to L. serrata, a parasite of dogs, and L. arctica, a parasite of Norwegian reindeers. Rhinoscopy and head CT scan on the dog failed to demonstrate adult parasites or detect any pathologic changes. At this time, pentastomid eggs were no longer observed on fecal flotation. Due to the possibility of juvenile stages of the parasite still migrating in the dog, fluralaner (Bravecto®, Merck) was administered and continuing treatment recommended for at least 6 months. A follow-up fecal examination conducted a month after the treatment did not reveal any parasites or eggs. This is a case report of canine linguatuliasis diagnosed in Oklahoma, United States.

Esophageal smooth muscle hypertrophy causing regurgitation in a rabbit.

A five-year-old rabbit was evaluated for a 7 to 8 month history of regurgitation, weight loss, and hyporexia. Previously performed whole body radiographs, plasma biochemistry results and complete blood count revealed had no significant abnormalities. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a circumferential caudal esophageal thickening. The animal received supportive care until euthanasia was performed 6 weeks later. Caudal esophageal smooth muscle hypertrophy was diagnosed on necropsy. This case indicates that regurgitation can occur in rabbits and advanced imaging can investigate the underlying cause.