[Cow colostrum: component composition, biological properties and application practice].

Bovine colostrum (ВС) has a high biological value, which allows it to be used for the development of new functional products. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using BC for the prevention and treatment of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Material and methods. The search for scientific information on the study of the component composition, immunobiological properties and the use of BC in clinical practice was carried out using the databases of the RSCI, CyberLeninka, ScienceDirect, PubMed. Results. The macro- and micronutrient composition of BC is presented, its changes over time from the moment of calving are described. A comparative analysis of the content of various components in milk and colostrum is presented. A detailed list of antimicrobial factors that increase nonspecific resistance and provide immunocorrective, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects is submitted. The possibility of using BC in clinical practice as a part of complex therapy in the treatment of various infectious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the new coronavirus infe ction SARS-CoV-2, as well as in cardiovascular diseases, allergies, autoimmune and oncological diseases, has been demonstrated. Conclusion. According to the literature, BC has a high safety profile and is applicable to all age groups of the population. Given the wide range of biological activity of BC components, a promising area of scientific research is the development of the products for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, including dietary supplements, based on its ingredients, which have the desired properties for correcting the immune status, preventing non-communicable and infectious diseases, as well as for prevention of occupational diseases among persons working in harmful working conditions.

[The socio-hygienic monitoring as an integral system for health risk assessment and risk management at the regional level].

The information and analytical framework for the introduction of health risk assessment and risk management methodologies in the Sverdlovsk Region is the system of socio-hygienic monitoring. Techniques of risk management that take into account the choice of most cost-effective and efficient actions for improvement of the sanitary and epidemiologic situation at the level of the region, municipality, or a business entity of the Russian Federation, have been developed and proposed. To assess the efficiency of planning and activities for health risk management common method approaches and economic methods of "cost-effectiveness" and "cost-benefit" analyses provided in method recommendations and introduced in the Russian Federation are applied.

Parental education and children's respiratory and allergic symptoms in the Pollution and the Young (PATY) study.

Inequalities in health between socio-economic groups are a major public health concern. The current authors studied associations between parental socio-economic status (SES) and children's respiratory and allergic symptoms in 13 diverse countries, including the Russian Federation, North America (Canada and the USA), and countries across Eastern and Western Europe. Data of 57,000 children aged 6-12 yrs, originating from eight cross-sectional studies, were analysed. SES was defined by parental education. Respiratory and allergic symptoms were defined by parental questionnaire reports. Multiple logistic regressions showed that low parental education was associated with a decreased risk of inhalant allergy and itchy rash in school children. Furthermore, low parental education was associated with an increased prevalence of wheeze and nocturnal dry cough. No clear association was found between parental education and prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma and bronchitis. Part of the difference between socio-economic groups with regard to their children's symptoms was explained by established risk factors, such as parental allergy, smoking during pregnancy, pet ownership, crowding, mould/moisture in the home, use of gas for cooking, and air pollution (particulate matter with a diameter of <10 microm). However, differences remained after adjusting for these variables. Children's health was associated with parental education. The association could not fully be explained by established risk factors.

Some considerations concerning multimedia-multipollutant risk assessment methodology: use of epidemiologic data for non-cancer risk assessment in Russia.

The highly industrialized small town of Verkhnyaya Pyshma (in the Urals region of Russia) was chosen as the site of a multimedia-multipollutant risk assessment using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methodology. The assessment was based on routine environmental pollution monitoring data for ambient air, soils, drinking water, and food, and the international environmental epidemiology literature. Using an a priori set of the preliminary health-based criteria, we selected nine pollutants for risk assessment: total suspended particles (TSP), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), ammonia arsenic, copper, cadmium, and lead. We used dose-response functions derived from epidemiologic studies to assess individual and population risks for TSP, SO2, NO2, As, Cd, and Pb. We assessed both cancer (for BaP, As, and Cd) and non-cancer (for all the chosen pollutants but BaP) responses, but in this paper we discuss only the assessments of noncarcinogenic risks due to TSP, SO2, NO2, Pb, and Cd as examples of how the quantitative estimates of health effects can be produced by using a risk function approach. We also schematically present a modified conceptual model of multimedia-multipollutant risk assessment taking into account the experience gained with this study.