CT Findings of Acute Small-Bowel Entities.

Although a broad spectrum of entities can induce acute pathologic changes in the small bowel, there are relatively few imaging features that are characteristic of a specific diagnosis on the basis of CT findings. Specific clinical information, including time course and onset of disease, patient risk factors, and any recent pharmacologic or radiation therapy, is often instrumental in refining the differential diagnosis. A wide spectrum of disorders is reviewed in this article; however, given the breadth of disorders associated with the small bowel, neoplastic and infectious conditions affecting the small bowel that can manifest acutely are not specifically discussed. Vascular diseases that can affect the small bowel regionally or diffusely, including thromboembolic and hypoperfusion phenomena, as well as a spectrum of vasculitides, are reviewed. Iatrogenic causes of small bowel disorders are discussed, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema, and chemotherapy- and radiation therapy-associated patterns of disease. Autoimmune and hereditary conditions that can affect the small bowel, including systemic lupus erythematosus and genetic C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, respectively, are reviewed. ©RSNA, 2018.

Mentorship in Radiology.

Mentoring is an extremely important component of academic medicine, including radiology, yet it is not specifically emphasized in radiology training, and many academic radiology departments in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere do not have formal mentoring programs for medical students, residents, fellows, or junior faculty. The purpose of this article is to overview the current status of mentorship in radiology, to discuss the importance of mentorship at multiple levels and its potential benefits in particular, as well as how to conduct a successful mentor-mentee relationship. The literature on mentorship in radiology and in academic medicine in general is reviewed.

A targeted genetic modifier screen links the SWI2/SNF2 protein domino to growth and autophagy genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

Targeted genetic studies can facilitate phenotypic analyses and provide important insights into development and other complex processes. The SWI2/SNF2 DNA-dependent ATPase Domino (Dom) of Drosophila melanogaster, a component of the Tip60 acetyltransferase complex, has been associated with a wide spectrum of cellular processes at multiple developmental stages. These include hematopoiesis, cell proliferation, homeotic gene regulation, histone exchange during DNA repair, and Notch signaling. To explore the wider gene network associated with Dom action, we used RNAi directed against domino (dom) to mediate loss-of-function at the wing margin, a tissue that is readily scored for phenotypic changes. Dom RNAi driven through GAL4-UAS elicited dominant wing nicking that responded phenotypically to the dose of dom and other loci known to function with dom. We screened for phenotypic modifiers of this wing phenotype among 2500 transpositions of the EP P element and found both enhancers and suppressors. Several classes of modifier were obtained, including those encoding transcription factors, RNA regulatory proteins, and factors that regulate cell growth, proliferation and autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway that affects cell growth under conditions of starvation and stress. Our analysis is consistent with prior studies, suggesting that Dom acts pleiotropically as a positive effector of Notch signaling and a repressor of proliferation. This genetic system should facilitate screens for additional loci associated with Dom function, and complement biochemical approaches to their regulatory activity.