RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in Australian Shepherds (ASs) occurs worldwide but there is a lack of description of the epilepsy syndrome in this breed. The ABCB1-1Δ mutation is more prevalent in ASs than in many other dog breeds. HYPOTHESIS: Australian Shepherds suffer from a poorly controlled IE syndrome with prevailing severe courses. Seizure control and ABCB1-1Δ mutation might be related in this breed. ANIMALS: Fifty ASs diagnosed with IE and 50 unaffected ASs. METHODS: Predominant study design is a longitudinal cohort study. Pedigrees, medical records, seizure, and treatment data of ASs with IE were analyzed descriptively. Sex, color, and the ABCB1-1Δ genotype were compared between case and control groups and ASs with poorly or well-controlled seizures. Differences in survival times were assessed by logrank tests and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Idiopathic epilepsy in ASs is dominated by moderate and severe clinical courses with the occurrence of cluster seizures and status epilepticus and a high seizure frequency. Poor seizure control and a high initial seizure frequency (≥10 seizure days/first 6 months) are associated with shorter survival times (P < .05). Poor seizure control, unrelated to the ABCB1(MDR1) genotype, is evident in 56% of epileptic ASs. Pedigree analysis suggests a genetic basis. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Frequent severe clinical courses, poor seizure control unrelated to the ABCB1(MDR1) genotype, and a young age at death compromise animal welfare and warrant further genetic studies to unravel the underlaying molecular mechanisms of IE and seizure control in the breed.
Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Epilepsia/veterinária , Fenobarbital/uso terapêutico , Convulsões/veterinária , Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Animais , Estudos de Coortes , DNA/química , DNA/genética , Doenças do Cão/genética , Cães , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/genética , Epilepsia/patologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Linhagem , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Convulsões/genética , Convulsões/patologiaRESUMO
Anal furunculosis (AF) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory disease of the perianal tissues most frequently affecting middle-aged or older German Shepherd dogs (GSD). Because this breed accounts for over 80% of all reported cases, there is likely to be a genetic association with disease susceptibility. Although there are some similarities with perianal fistulation that occurs in human Crohn's disease, the aetiology and pathogenesis of AF are still poorly understood. Recent research has suggested an immune-mediated aetiology, and evidence for this has been further provided by clinical responses to the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin. The aim of the current study was to investigate canine major histocompatibility complex immune response genes. Dog leucocyte antigen class II alleles and haplotypes were characterised by sequence-based typing of 107 GSD affected with AF and 196 breed-matched controls collected in the UK. A highly significant association of DLA-DRB1*00101 with the presence of AF was observed (OR = 5.01, CI = 2.7-9.3, P < 0.00000001). This association was confirmed in a second cohort of GSD collected in Finland. Homozygosity for this allele is associated with an earlier disease onset.
