[The state of one of the erythropoiesis regulatory mechanisms after ionizing radiation exposure]. / Sostoianie odnogo iz reguliatornykh mekhanizmov krasnogo krovetvoreniiaposle vozdeistviia ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia.

New quantitative criteria of erythrocytes functional state, based on automated registration of acid erythrogramme parameters, have been proposed. Enwidened analysis of adaptive processes in rats erythropoietic system after ionizing radiation exposure (gamma-rays, 60Co, in doses 0.5; 1.0 and 6.0 Gy) has shown, that existing in norm mechanism of stimulating effects of dieresis products on genesis of young red cell forms has been maintained only at exposure 0.5 Gy and stops to function at higher gamma-ray irradiation doses.

[The role of the vasoconstrictor effect in realizing the radioprotective properties of indralin in experiments on dogs]. / Rol' vazokonstriktornogo éffekta v realizatsii protivoluchevykh svoistv indralina v opytakh na sobakakh.

In the experiments on dogs, the role of a pharmacological circulatory hypoxia in the mechanism of radioprotective effect of indraline and mexamine was studied. Angiography revealed 20-40% vasoconstriction of major arteries of legs of animals, of pelvis and abdomen caused by mexamine (10 mg/kg) and the absence of a significant effect of indraline. Disruption of a regional blood circulation in the marrow and spleen (40-50% and 70-80%, respectively) was caused by indraline to the same extent as by mexamine. For indraline, a decrease in pO2 in the marrow was about 50%. With these hemodynamic disturbances, indraline showed 80 to 100% radioprotective effect, while mexamine was inefficient. Acute hypoxic hypoxia (5-7% O2) increased a post-radiation survival rate for dogs by 40%. The radioprotective effect of indraline was blocked by tropaphen and reduced in cases of breathing with pure oxygen. Splenectomy has no effect on radioprotective properties of indraline. Thus, a hypothesis of the mechanism of a radioprotective effect of alpha-adrenomimetics was proposed.

[Studies of the radiation-protective effects of indralin on the hematopoietic system of different species of animals]. / Issledovanie radiozashchitnogo éffekta indralina na krovetvornoi sisteme u razlichnykh vidov zhivotnykh.

The experiments were made on mice, guinea pigs and dogs. Radioprotector indraline increased radioresistant state of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo and in vitro, decreased the amount of post-radiation chromosome aberrations in marrow, induced more early and intensive post-radiation proliferative repair of marrow and spleen, faster regeneration of the initial amount of leukocytes, thrombocytes and erythrocytes in blood of mice, guinea pigs and dogs. Antiradiation efficiency of indraline in hematopoietic system is equal to 1.5-2 by FMD. Radioprotective mechanism of indraline effect on hematopoietic system is discussed.

[Mechanism of the radiation-protective effect of indralin]. / K mekhanizmu protivoluchevogo deistviia indralina.

Pharmacological test demonstrated that radioprotective activity of indralin occurs by interaction with alpha-adrenoreceptor. Radioprotective effect of indralin decreased by alpha-adrenoblocker, aminazine and theophylline. Normobaric hyperoxia during irradiation reduced radioprotective effect of indralin in doses about ED50. In experiment with mice and rats it was shown that indralin induced acute hypoxia, impaired oxygen consumption and heat production by 30-46%, spleen bloodflow to 26.3% of control level, rectal temperature by 1.5-2 degrees C (mouse). After 30-min indralin raised resistance of mice to hypoxic hypoxia that is believed due to rapid development of biochemical adaptive process in hypoxic cells.

[The effect of ionizing radiation and immunomodulators on the development of the graft versus host reaction]. / Vliianie ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia i immunomoduliatorov na proiavlenie reaktsii "transplantat protiv khoziaina".

The reaction "transplant against host" (RTAH) was performed by subcutaneous transplantation of popliteal lymphnode lymphocytes of C57Bl/6 mice (CBA X C57Bl/6)F1 mice. gamma-Irradiation of donors with a dose of 6 Gy was shown to activate the function of T-lymphocytes, effectors in RTAH. Recipients irradiated with the same dose exhibited a drastic decrease in the ability of the organism to restrict RTAH. Decaris administered 15 min after irradiation of donors removed the postirradiation RTAH increase. In nonirradiated donors or recipients, the immunomodulators increased RTAH.

[The effect of adrenaline on the succinate dehydrogenase activity in functionally changed (lymphoid leukosis) lymphocytes in mice]. / Vliianie adrenalina na aktivnost' suktsinatdegidrogenazy v funktsional'no izmenennykh (limfoleikoznykh) limfotsitakh krovi myshei.

The activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in lymphocytes of peripheral blood of AKR mice was measured in response to intraperitoneal injection of epinephrine hydrochloride at a dose of 1 mg/kg. SDH reactions to epinephrine were of two types: increase or decrease of activity. The type of reaction depended on the initial enzyme level. The decrease of epinephrine activation of SDH in lymphocytes was found to be correlated with the age of animals and hematological manifestations of hemoblastosis they developed. The percentage of cells with a high SDH activity in hemoblastotic animals was correlated with the count of prolymphocytes and blast cells in peripheral blood.

[Comparative studies of the recombinogenic action of some pesticides on yeasts in the absence and presence of metabolic activation]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie na drozhzhakh rekombinogennogo deistviia riada pestitsidov pri otsutstvii i nalichii metabolichesskoi aktivatsii.

Recombinogenic activity of five pesticides (dimatyph, endosulfan, cypermethrin, picloram and crotoxyphos) has been studied on yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae under conditions of metabolic activation and without it. Treatment of yeasts by microsomal activating mixtures (S9 fractions of hens and rats) promoted no formation of active metabolites. Active pesticides (dimatyph, endosulfan, picloram) under conditions of metabolic activation induced the detoxication process.

[Comparative study of the mutagenic activity of dicurin on five test-objects]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie mutagennoi aktivnosti dicurina na piati test-ob''ektakh.

Mutagenic activity of dicourol belonging to coumarol derivatives has been studied on 5 test-objects (mice, cultivated lymphocytes of human blood, yeast-saccharomycetes, Tradescantia, Crepis). Results of investigations allowed attributing dicourol to highly hazardous mutagens. In this connection it is admitted unadvisable to enforce it into agricultural practice. The tested objects differ in their dicourol mutagenic sensibility as follows: cultivated lymphocytes of human blood - Tradescantia - yeast - Crepis - mice.

[Mutagenic action of 5 prospective pesticides on mouse bone marrow, in a culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and on saccharomycete yeasts]. / Izuchenie mutagennogo deistviia piati perspektivnykh pestitsidov na kostnom mozge myshei, v kul'ture limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi cheloveka i na drozhzhakh-sakharomitsetakh.

Five pesticides are studied for their mutagenicity in bone marrow cells of mice, culture of human peripheral lymphocytes and yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is established that dimatyph (diaethylene imidamido-thio-phosphorous acid) induced potent mutagenic effect in all three test-systems; endosulfan was genetically active in mice and yeasts. Cypermethrin increased the level of chromosome aberrations in mice bone marrow cells only in a high dose. Picloram was genetically active only in yeasts. Crotoxyphos did not reveal mutagenicity in all the tests used. The carried studies confirm that various tests should be used for detecting mutagenic activity of pesticides.

[Changes in the hematopoietic system and mucosa of the small intestine in the breathing of pure oxygen under normal atmospheric pressure]. / Izmeneniia krovetvornoi sistemy i slizistoi tonkoi kishki pri dykhanii chistym kislorodom v usloviiakh normal'nogo atmosfernogo davleniia.

Normobaric hyperoxia upon breathing pure oxygen for 20 and 120 min is capable to produce in (CBA X S57B1)F1 mice a short-term (up to 1 day) cytostatic action on bone marrow tissues. Under the same conditions oxygen reduced proliferative activity in duodenal crypts by the 3rd and 6th days of the experiment. Changes in the morphological composition of the blood manifesting in the increased counts of leukocytes, neutrophiles, eosinophiles and monocytes are physiological and compensatory in nature.

[Cytogenetic activity of the harmful insect chemosterilant, dimatif, on mouse bone marrow cells]. / Izuchenie tsitogeneticheskoi aktivnosti sterilianta vrednykh nasekomykh dimatifa na kletkakh kostnogo mozga myshei.

The new insects' chemosterilant, dimatyph, (diethylene-imide amidothiophosphorous acid) induced a significant increase of chromosomal aberrations in the mouse bone marrow cells after a single per os treatment in doses of 100.0, 10.0, 1.0, 0.1 mg/kg. An extremely high mutagenic activity of dimatyph (maximal cytogenetic effect 33.6%, minimal effective dose 1.0 mg/kg) does not permit a widespread use of this substance as a pesticide.

[Primary evaluation of the cytogenetic activity and potential mutagenic hazard of 22 pesticides]. / Pervichnaia otsenka tsitogeneticheskoi aktovnosti i potentsial'noi mutagennoi opasnosti 22 pestitsidov.

The paper deals with the primary principle of potential mutagenic pesticides hazard evaluation from the results of study on their cytogenetic activity in experimental animals. This evaluation may be based on two main parameters characterizing a mutagenic property of pesticides--the degree of maximum cytogenetic effect expression and the level of minimum effective dose. According to the suggested principle 22 pesticides under study are distributed into some groups in conformity with the degree of their potential mutagenic hazard.