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1.
Salud UNINORTE ; 39(3): 857-873, dic. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576786

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar el cumplimiento del principio de ecualización de la empatía con el paciente en los estudiantes de la Facultad Odontología de dos sedes de la Universidad Andrés Bello: República (Región Metropolitana) y Viña del Mar (Quinta Región), Chile. Materiales y métodos: Se empleó la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson (versión S) adaptada por criterio de jueces para estudiantes de odontología. Se estimaron las medias, error estándar de las medias y el intervalo de confianza de los datos en torno de la media dentro y entre de los tres factores estudiados: Sedes, Curso y Sexo y sus interacciones. Se compararon las medias de los niveles mediante un análisis de varianza trifactorial. Se estimó la prueba eta cuadrada y la potencia de la prueba para determinar la magnitud de las diferencias y la potencia del modelo estadístico empleado. El nivel de significación utilizado fue de α<0,05 y ß<0,20. Resultados: Se encontraron pocas diferencias significativas entre las medias. Las diferencias fundamentales afectaron principalmente a una de las dimensiones cognitivas de la empatía: "Habilidad para entender a otros". Aunque la simetría de los niveles de los factores y sus interacciones no afectan totalmente la similaridad del comportamiento empático entre las sedes de la universidad estudiada, la presencia de diferencias muestra la necesidad de prestar más atención a la formación empática en los estudiantes de odontología. Conclusiones: Es necesario considerar estas diferencias encontradas entre las sedes para analizar las causas que las producen y realizar las intervenciones pertinentes para disminuir estas diferencias.


SUMMARY Introduction: Verify compliance with the principle of equalization of empathy in two locations or campus of Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile. Material and methods: The Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale (version S) was used, adapted by the criteria of Judges for Dentistry students. The means, standard error of the means and the confidence interval of the data around the mean within and between the three factors studied were estimated: Campus, Course, and Sex and their interactions. The means of the levels were compared by means of a Three-factor Analysis of Variance. The eta squared test and the power of the test were estimated to determine the magnitude of the differences and the power of the statistical model used. The significance level used was α <0.05 and ß<0.20. Results. Few significant differences were found between the means. The fundamental differences mainly affected one of the cognitive dimensions of empathy: "Ability to understand others". Although the symmetry of the levels of the factors and their interactions do not totally affect the similarity of empathic behavior between the campus of the university studied, the presence of differences shows the need to pay more attention to empathic training in dental students. Conclusions. It is necessary to consider these differences found between the venues to analyze the causes that produce them and carry out the pertinent interventions to reduce these differences.

2.
Medwave ; 20(4): e7916, 2020 Jun 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32678809

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is a world public health problem due to its morbidity and mortality, especially in at-risk groups. The dental environment has a high risk of viral transmission; accordingly, this study aimed to identify recommendations based on the best available evidence for dental care during this pandemic. METHODS: We performed a search for scientific evidence published since 2002 to March 23th 2020 in electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Epistemonikos) and the web pages of the American Dental Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Oral Health, the Ministry of Health in Chile and scientific societies. RESULTS: We included nine published studies. The recommendations were the following: unrestricted use of personal protection elements, use of extraoral radiographic techniques, use of mouth rinses with 1% hydrogen peroxide or 0.2% iodine povidone, a four-hand technique with ongoing aspiration and the use of absorbable sutures. Furthermore, there is a consensus that non-urgent treatments should be postponed during periods of community transmission. CONCLUSIONS: Dental practitioners are exposed to a high risk of cross-infection, meaning they must implement recommendations based on the best available evidence to preserve the health of team members and the population they are caring for.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad por coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) es un problema mundial de salud pública debido a su morbimortalidad, especialmente en grupos de riesgo. El entorno odontológico tiene un alto riesgo de transmisión viral, por ello el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar recomendaciones para la atención odontológica durante esta pandemia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de evidencia científica publicada desde 2002 hasta el 23 de marzo de 2020 en bases de datos electrónicas (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane y Epistemonikos) y en las páginas electrónicas de la Asociación Dental Americana, de Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Oral Health, del Ministerio de Salud de Chile y de sociedades científicas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron nueve artículos publicados, en los cuales se recomienda el uso irrestricto de elementos de protección personal, preferir técnicas radiográficas extraorales, uso de enjuagues bucales con peróxido de hidrógeno al 1% o povidona yodada al 0,2%, técnica a cuatro manos con aspiración constante y uso de suturas reabsorbibles. Además, existe consenso respecto a que durante los periodos de transmisión comunitaria se deben posponer los tratamientos odontológicos no urgentes. CONCLUSIONES: Debido al alto riesgo de infección cruzada que presentan los equipos odontológicos, deben implementarse recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible, con el fin de preservar la salud de los miembros del equipo y de la población a su cuidado.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Assistência Odontológica/normas , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Profissional para o Paciente/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , COVID-19 , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
3.
Medwave ; 20(5)2020.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116901

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad por coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) es un problema mundial de salud pública debido a su morbimortalidad, especialmente en grupos de riesgo. El entorno odontológico tiene un alto riesgo de transmisión viral, por ello el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar recomendaciones para la atención odontológica durante esta pandemia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de evidencia científica publicada desde 2002 hasta el 23 de marzo de 2020 en bases de datos electrónicas (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane y Epistemonikos) y en las páginas electrónicas de la Asociación Dental Americana, de Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Oral Health, del Ministerio de Salud de Chile y de sociedades científicas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron nueve artículos publicados, en los cuales se recomienda el uso irrestricto de elementos de protección personal, preferir técnicas radiográficas extraorales, uso de enjuagues bucales con peróxido de hidrógeno al 1% o povidona yodada al 0,2%, técnica a cuatro manos con aspiración constante y uso de suturas reabsorbibles. Además, existe consenso respecto a que durante los periodos de transmisión comunitaria se deben posponer los tratamientos odontológicos no urgentes. CONCLUSIONES: Debido al alto riesgo de infección cruzada que presentan los equipos odontológicos, deben implementarse recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible, con el fin de preservar la salud de los miembros del equipo y de la población a su cuidado.


INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is a world public health problem due to its morbidity and mortality, especially in at-risk groups. The dental environment has a high risk of viral transmission; accordingly, this study aimed to identify recommendations based on the best available evidence for dental care during this pandemic. METHODS: We performed a search for scientific evidence published since 2002 to March 23th 2020 in electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Epistemonikos) and the web pages of the American Dental Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Oral Health, the Ministry of Health in Chile and scientific societies. RESULTS: We included nine published studies. The recommendations were the following: unrestricted use of personal protection elements, use of extraoral radiographic techniques, use of mouth rinses with 1% hydrogen peroxide or 0.2% iodine povidone, a four-hand technique with ongoing aspiration and the use of absorbable sutures. Furthermore, there is a consensus that non-urgent treatments should be postponed during periods of community transmission. CONCLUSIONS: Dental practitioners are exposed to a high risk of cross-infection, meaning they must implement recommendations based on the best available evidence to preserve the health of team members and the population they are caring for.


Assuntos
Humanos , Assistência Odontológica/normas , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Profissional para o Paciente/prevenção & controle , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/transmissão , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
4.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 30(2): 160-6, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22159726

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Understand the health system and international cooperation response to the catastrophic situation left by the earthquake and tsunami of 27 February 2010 in Chile, and draft proposals for improving strategies to mitigate the devastating effects of natural disasters. METHODS: Descriptive and qualitative study with a first phase involving the analysis of secondary information-such as news articles, official statements, and technical reports-and a second phase involving semistructured interviews of institutional actors in the public health sector responsible for disaster response and users of the health system who acted as leaders and/or managers of the response. The study was conducted between May and October 2010, and information-gathering focused on the Maule, Bío Bío, and Metropolitan regions. RESULTS: Procedures for recording, distributing, and controlling donations were lacking. The health services suffered significant damage, including the complete destruction of 10 hospitals. The presence of field hospitals and foreign medical teams were appreciated by the community. The family health model and the commitment of personnel helped to ensure the quality of the response. While public health management was generally good, problems dealing with mental health issues were encountered due to a lack of local plans and predisaster simulations. The poor were the most affected. Women became social leaders, organizing the community. CONCLUSIONS: Although the health response to the emergency was satisfactory, both the health system and the mobilization of international assistance suffered from weaknesses that exacerbated existing inequities, revealing the need for multisectoral participatory mitigation plans for better disaster preparedness.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Desastres , Terremotos , Cooperação Internacional , Socorro em Desastres/organização & administração , Tsunamis , Chile , Coleta de Dados , Atenção à Saúde/história , Países em Desenvolvimento , Planejamento em Desastres , Desastres/história , Terremotos/história , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/organização & administração , Pessoal Profissional Estrangeiro , Identidade de Gênero , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional/história , Liderança , Pobreza , Administração em Saúde Pública , Socorro em Desastres/história , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Tsunamis/história
5.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 30(2): 160-166, agosto 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDS | ID: lil-608301

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Conocer la respuesta que dieron el sistema de salud y la cooperación internacional a la situación de catástrofe generada por el terremoto y el tsunami ocurridos el 27 de febrero de 2010 en Chile, y elaborar propuestas para mejorar las estrategias dirigidas a reducir los efectos devastadores de los desastres naturales. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo y cualitativo con una primera fase de análisis de información secundaria -como artículos de prensa, discursos oficiales e informes técnicos- y una segunda fase de aplicación de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a actores institucionales encargados de la respuesta al desastre desde el sector salud y a usuarios del sistema de salud que actuaron como líderes y/o dirigentes en dicha respuesta. La investigación se desarrolló entre mayo y octubre de 2010 y el levantamiento de información se focalizó en las regiones Maule, Bío Bío y Metropolitana. RESULTADOS: Faltaron procedimientos para el registro, la distribución y el control de las donaciones. Los servicios de salud sufrieron daños importantes, incluida la destrucción total de 10 hospitales. Los hospitales de campaña y los equipos médicos extranjeros fueron valorados por la comunidad. El modelo de salud familiar y el compromiso del personal facilitaron la calidad de la respuesta. Si bien hubo un buen manejo sanitario, se registraron dificultades para enfrentar los problemas de salud mental por la inexistencia de planes locales y de simulacros previos. La población más afectada fue la que vivía en condiciones de pobreza. Las mujeres se convirtieron en líderes sociales organizando a la comunidad. CONCLUSIONES: Aun cuando la respuesta sanitaria frente a la emergencia fue satisfactoria, tanto el sistema de salud como la movilización de la asistencia internacional acusaron falencias que reforzaron inequidades previamente instaladas, demostrando la necesidad de construir planes preventivos multisectoriales y participativos para estar mejor preparados frente a los desastres.


OBJECTIVE: Understand the health system and international cooperation response to the catastrophic situation left by the earthquake and tsunami of 27 February 2010 in Chile, and draft proposals for improving strategies to mitigate the devastating effects of natural disasters. METHODS: Descriptive and qualitative study with a first phase involving the analysis of secondary information-such as news articles, official statements, and technical reports-and a second phase involving semistructured interviews of institutional actors in the public health sector responsible for disaster response and users of the health system who acted as leaders and/or managers of the response. The study was conducted between May and October 2010, and information-gathering focused on the Maule, Bío Bío, and Metropolitan regions. RESULTS: Procedures for recording, distributing, and controlling donations were lacking. The health services suffered significant damage, including the complete destruction of 10 hospitals. The presence of field hospitals and foreign medical teams were appreciated by the community. The family health model and the commitment of personnel helped to ensure the quality of the response. While public health management was generally good, problems dealing with mental health issues were encountered due to a lack of local plans and predisaster simulations. The poor were the most affected. Women became social leaders, organizing the community. CONCLUSIONS: Although the health response to the emergency was satisfactory, both the health system and the mobilization of international assistance suffered from weaknesses that exacerbated existing inequities, revealing the need for multisectoral participatory mitigation plans for better disaster preparedness.


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XXI , Atenção à Saúde , Desastres , Terremotos , Cooperação Internacional , Socorro em Desastres/organização & administração , Tsunamis , Chile , Coleta de Dados , Atenção à Saúde/história , Países em Desenvolvimento , Planejamento em Desastres , Desastres/história , Terremotos/história , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/organização & administração , Pessoal Profissional Estrangeiro , Identidade de Gênero , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Cooperação Internacional/história , Liderança , Pobreza , Administração em Saúde Pública , Socorro em Desastres/história , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Tsunamis/história
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