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CONTEXT: Indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs) lead to diagnostic surgeries in many countries. Use of molecular testing (MT) is endorsed by several guidelines, but costs are limitative, especially in public healthcare systems like in Canada. OBJECTIVES: Primary objective: evaluate the clinical value of Thyroseq® v3 (TSv3) using benign call rate (BCR) in a real-world practice. Secondary objective: assess cost-effectiveness of MT. DESIGN: This is a multicentric prospective study. SETTING: This study was conducted in 5 academic centers in Quebec, Canada. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 500 consecutive patients with Bethesda III (on 2 consecutive cytopathologies) or IV and TIRADS 3 or 4 nodules measuring 1 to 4 cm were included. INTERVENTION: MT was performed between November 2021 and November 2022. Patients with a positive TSv3 were referred to surgery. Patients with a negative TSv3 were planned for follow-up by ultrasonography for a minimum of 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The BCR, corresponding to the proportion of ITNs with negative TSv3 results, was assessed. RESULTS: 500 patients underwent TSv3 testing, with a BCR of 72.6% (95% CI: 68.5-76.5; p<0.001). 99.7% of patients with a negative result avoided surgery. The positive predictive value of TSv3 was 68.2% (95% CI: 58.5-76.9). The cost-benefit analysis identified that the implementation of MT would yield cost savings of $6.1 million over the next 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Use of MT (TSv3) in a well-selected population with ITNs led to a BCR of 72.6%. It is cost-effective and prevents unnecessary surgeries in a public healthcare setting.
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INTRODUCTION: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging Gram-negative MDR bacteria. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it is mostly found in those with severe exacerbation of COPD requiring mechanical ventilation. The significance of S. maltophilia when detected in the sputum of ambulatory patients with COPD is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To access the prevalence and the risk factors of the presence of S. maltophilia in the sputum of ambulatory patients with COPD and to determine whether it was associated with prognosis. METHODS: All consecutive unselected ambulatory patients with GOLD 2-4 COPD were recruited between January 2017 and September 2019 from the COPD clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Presence of S. maltophilia was defined by a positive sputum culture for S. maltophilia. Demographics, COPD characteristics, comorbidities and known predisposing risk factors associated with S. maltophilia were collected from medical records. RESULTS: S. maltophilia was detected in the sputum of 41/393 (10%) of study participants. Comorbidities, exacerbation, use of oral steroids and carbapenems in the previous year were risk factors for the presence of S. maltophilia. After adjusting on confounding factors associated with mortality including age, Charlson comorbidity index and FEV1, S. maltophilia was significantly associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.9). CONCLUSION: In the current study, we found that 10% of ambulatory patients with GOLD 2-4 COPD had S. maltophilia detected in their sputum. In addition, S. maltophilia may represent a marker of overall morbidity in patients with COPD.
