Effects of the Regular Use of Virtual Environments on Spatial Navigation and Memory.

Introduction: The cognitive effects of video games have garnered increasing attention due to their potential applications in cognitive rehabilitation and evaluation. However, the underlying mechanisms driving these cognitive modifications remain poorly understood. Objectives: This study investigates the fundamental mnemonic processes of spatial navigation, pattern separation, and recognition memory, closely associated with the hippocampus. Our objective is to elucidate the interaction of these cognitive processes and shed light on rehabilitation mechanisms that could inform the design of video games aimed at stimulating the hippocampus. Method: In this study, we assessed 48 young adults, including both video game players and non-players. We utilized virtual reality and cognitive tasks such as the Lobato Virtual Water Maze and the Mnemonic Similarity Task to evaluate their cognitive abilities. Results: Our key findings highlight that gamers exhibit heightened pattern separation abilities and demonstrate quicker and more accurate spatial learning, attributed to the cognitive stimulation induced by video games. Additionally, we uncovered a significant relationship between spatial memory, guided by environmental cues, and pattern separation, which serves as the foundation for more efficient spatial navigation. Conclusions: These results provide valuable insights into the cognitive impact of video games and offer potential for monitoring changes in rehabilitation processes and early signs of cognitive decline through virtual reality-based assessments. Ultimately, we propose that examining the relationships between cognitive processes represents an effective method for evaluating neurodegenerative conditions, offering new possibilities for early diagnosis and intervention.

BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE COUNTERACTS THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF A SATURATED HIGH-FAT DIET ON SYNAPTIC AMPA RECEPTORS AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE.

The ketogenic diet, characterized by high fat and low carbohydrates, has gained popularity not only as a strategy for managing body weight but also for its efficacy in delaying cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases and the aging process. Since this dietary approach stimulates the liver's production of ketone bodies, primarily ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which serves as an alternative energy source for neurons, we investigated whether BHB could mitigate impaired AMPA receptor trafficking, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline induced by metabolic challenges such as saturated fatty acids. Here, we observe that, in cultured primary cortical neurons, exposure to palmitic acid (200µM) decreased surface levels of glutamate GluA1-containing AMPA receptors, whereas unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (200µM), and BHB (5mM) increased them. Furthermore, BHB countered the adverse effects of palmitic acid on synaptic GluA1 levels in hippocampal neurons, as well as excitability and plasticity in hippocampal slices. Additionally, daily intragastric administration of BHB (100 mg/kg/day) for two months reversed cognitive impairment induced by a saturated high-fat diet (49% of calories from fat) in a mouse experimental model of obesity. In summary, our findings underscore the significant impact of fatty acids and ketone bodies on AMPA receptors abundance, synaptic function and neuroplasticity, shedding light on the potential use of BHB to delay cognitive impairments associated with metabolic diseases.

Cortisone in saliva of pigs: validation of a new assay and changes after thermal stress.

BACKGROUND: Cortisone is derived from cortisol through the action of the enzyme 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II, and it has gained importance in recent years as a biomarker of stress. This study aimed to develop and validate an assay for the measurement of cortisone in pig saliva and evaluate whether its concentration varies in stressful situations. For this purpose, a specific immunoassay was developed and validated analytically, and a study was performed to evaluate whether cortisone concentrations in saliva can vary under heat stress conditions. RESULTS: The assay proved to be accurate, reliable, and sensitive for the measurement of cortisone in pig saliva. The limit of detection of the assay was set at 0.006 ng/ml, and the lower limit of quantification was 0.023 ng/ml. It also correlated significantly with the results obtained by LC‒MS/MS (P = 0.003; r = 0.64). In addition, the cortisone concentration in animals subjected to prolonged heat stress decreased significantly 15 days after treatment (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: According to these results, cortisone measured by this assay could be used as a tool for the non-invasive evaluation of thermal stress in pig saliva.

Use of teicoplanin monotherapy for the treatment of enterococcal infective endocarditis: a retrospective and comparative study at a referral centre.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical experience in the use of teicoplanin for treating enterococcal infective endocarditis (EIE) is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with EIE treated with teicoplanin monotherapy compared to standard therapy with ampicillin plus ceftriaxone. METHODS: All consecutive adult patients diagnosed with EIE between January 2018 and September 2022 at a referral centre were reviewed. Characteristics of individuals treated with teicoplanin for ≥14 days [the treated with teicoplanin (TT) group] were compared with those who received ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (AC group). RESULTS: Sixty-six patients were included [61 (92%) E. faecalis infective endocarditis (IE) and 5 (8%) E. faecium IE]. Twenty-seven (41%) received teicoplanin: eight as first-line treatment and 19 as continuation therapy.The median duration of teicoplanin treatment was 30 (25-43) days. Surgery was indicated in 14/27 (52%) in the TT group and in 21/39 (54%) in the AC group, but was finally performed in 11/14 (79%) and 13/21 (62%) (P = 0.46), respectively. In-hospital mortality rate was 3/27 (11%) in the TT group and 12/39 (31%) in the AC group (P = 0.06). Patients treated with teicoplanin were more often discharged on outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy [18/27 (67%) versus 6/39 (15%), P < 0.001] and median hospital stay was shorter [29 days (IQR 20-61) versus 50 days (IQR 43-68), P = 0.006]. One-year cumulative mortality was 8/27 (30%) in the TT group and 13/39 (33%) in the AC group (P = 0.46). There was one relapse in each group. CONCLUSION: Teicoplanin seems an effective treatment for selected patients with enterococcal IE, mainly to facilitate discharge.

Safe Ketamine Use and Pregnancy: A Nationwide Survey and Retrospective Review of Informed Consent, Counseling, and Testing Practices.

Objective: Ketamine is contraindicated in pregnancy given the lack of knowledge about potential effects on a developing fetus. This study aimed to characterize current clinical practices specific to pregnancy and reproduction related to the use of ketamine for the treatment of psychiatric illness.Methods: Online surveys were sent to outpatient ketamine clinics across the United States inquiring about practices related to pregnancy. Responses were collected between September and November 2023. Additionally, a retrospective medical record review was conducted to ascertain the frequency of pregnancy testing and contraception use with ketamine treatments administered at a large academic health system. Online, publicly available informed consent documents were also reviewed for language related to pregnancy.Results: Fewer than half of survey respondents (n = 126) discuss specific risks related to pregnancy and fetal ketamine exposure during the informed consent process. Twenty percent of clinics require pregnancy tests prior to treatment, and 10.5% require subsequent testing during treatment; however, 22.9% of clinics do not have a standard process for testing. Only 13.7% of clinics specifically recommend or require use of contraception. Retrospective record review revealed that all patients who received intravenous ketamine for psychiatric indications in an academic medical center were pregnancy tested weekly, but only half were using contraception during treatment.Conclusion: Many women with the potential to become pregnant are treated with ketamine for psychiatric illness. Results of the present study reveal that risks of fetal ketamine exposure are often overlooked, indicating a need for increased awareness about reproductive concerns when prescribing ketamine for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Neurological manifestations of immune origin after COVID-19 vaccination: retrospective case study.

Objectives: To know the frequency and characteristics of neurological manifestations of probable immune origin occurring after exposure to COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, to pre-study the usefulness of the Spanish pharmacovigilance system and lymphocyte transformation test in establishing causality. Methods: Retrospective case study, including patients admitted to the Neurology department from January 2021 to May 2022 with a probable neuroimmune disorder. Demographic, clinical and COVID-19 vaccination antecedent data were collected from medical records. Results: From a total of 108 patients, 30 were excluded due to a different etiological diagnosis after follow-up. Thirty-six patients (46.2%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine in the previous 3 months (21.8% during the previous month). BioNTech-Pfizer vaccine was the most frequent in this group (63.9%). 69/108 were female and mean age 51.2 years (SD 22.59), with no significant difference with not recently-vaccinated (U-Mann Whitney, p = 0.256). The neurological syndromes found were (vaccinated/total): polyradiculoneuropathy (8/16), encephalitis (5/11), multiple sclerosis relapse (5/16), optic neuritis (1/4), myelitis (3/6), cranial neuropathy (6/10), aseptic meningitis (1/3) and others (7/11). Acute immunosuppressive treatment was administered in 61.1% of cases and 47.2% presented complete clinical improvement, without significant differences with non-vaccinated patients (chi-square, p = 0.570). Eleven vaccinated patients were studied in the pharmacovigilance office for possible adverse drug reaction. Causality according to the Spanish pharmacovigilance system (SPVS) algorithm was "Related" to COVID-19 vaccine (score ≥ 4) in 11 cases with positive in vitro study (lymphocyte transformation test) to polyethylene glycol-2000 and polysorbate-80 in 4 cases. Conclusion: Neuroimmune disorders appearing after administration of COVID-19 vaccine do not seem to present important differentiating clinical and/or evolutive features. Delayed hypersensitivity to vaccine excipients could be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms, and lymphocyte transformation test is a useful tool to identify it.

Enhancing spatial memory and pattern separation: Long-term effects of stimulant treatment in individuals with ADHD.

This study explores the under-researched domain of long-term stimulant treatment in children and adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The necessity for extended treatment duration, often accompanied by safety concerns and side effects leading to treatment discontinuation, underscores the significance of this investigation. Concurrently, comparative studies have revealed adverse impacts on vulnerable regions within the hippocampal formation, accompanied by behavioral perturbations. We employed computerized tests and virtual reality to assess spatial memory, pattern separation, and object recognition memory in a cohort of children diagnosed with ADHD receiving stimulant treatment. We compared their performance to a group of neurotypical peers. Our findings indicate that the ADHD group exhibited a lower performance in spatial memory, pattern separation, and object recognition memory than ND group. Intriguingly, a positive relationship emerged between the duration of stimulant treatment and performance in these variables. Notably, this improvement was not immediate to MPH treatment but becomes significant after 24 months of treatment. In contrast to previous comparative investigations, our study did not reveal a detrimental impact on spatial navigation, object recognition memory, or pattern separation, despite the known interplay of these cognitive processes with the hippocampal formation. These results shed new light on the nuanced effects of stimulant treatment in ADHD, underscoring the need for a more comprehensive understanding of long-term treatment outcomes.

Remodeling p38 signaling in muscle controls locomotor activity via IL-15.

Skeletal muscle has gained recognition as an endocrine organ releasing myokines upon contraction during physical exercise. These myokines exert both local and pleiotropic health benefits, underscoring the crucial role of muscle function in countering obesity and contributing to the overall positive effects of exercise on health. Here, we found that exercise activates muscle p38γ, increasing locomotor activity through the secretion of interleukin-15 (IL-15). IL-15 signals in the motor cortex, stimulating locomotor activity. This activation of muscle p38γ, leading to an increase locomotor activity, plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of diabetes and liver steatosis, unveiling a vital muscle-brain communication pathway with profound clinical implications. The correlation between p38γ activation in human muscle during acute exercise and increased blood IL-15 levels highlights the potential therapeutic relevance of this pathway in treating obesity and metabolic diseases. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of exercise-induced myokine responses promoting physical activity.

Prevention and treatment of peri-implant fibrosis by functionally inhibiting skeletal cells expressing the leptin receptor.

The cellular and molecular mediators of peri-implant fibrosis-a most common reason for implant failure and for surgical revision after the replacement of a prosthetic joint-remain unclear. Here we show that peri-implant fibrotic tissue in mice and humans is largely composed of a specific population of skeletal cells expressing the leptin receptor (LEPR) and that these cells are necessary and sufficient to generate and maintain peri-implant fibrotic tissue. In a mouse model of tibial implantation and osseointegration that mimics partial knee arthroplasty, genetic ablation of LEPR+ cells prevented peri-implant fibrosis and the implantation of LEPR+ cells from peri-implant fibrotic tissue was sufficient to induce fibrosis in secondary hosts. Conditional deletion of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor F5 (ADGRF5) in LEPR+ cells attenuated peri-implant fibrosis while augmenting peri-implant bone formation, and ADGRF5 inhibition by the intra-articular or systemic administration of neutralizing anti-ADGRF5 in the mice prevented and reversed peri-implant fibrosis. Pharmaceutical agents that inhibit the ADGRF5 pathway in LEPR+ cells may be used to prevent and treat peri-implant fibrosis.

Dupilumab treatment decreases MBC2s, correlating with reduced IgE levels in pediatric atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: A preference for type 2 immunity plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Dupilumab, an mAb targeting the IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) subunit, inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. These cytokines contribute significantly to IgE class switch recombination in B cells, critical in atopic diseases. Recent studies indicate IgG+CD23hiIL-4Rα+ type 2 memory B cells (MBC2s) as IgE-producing B-cell precursors, linked to total IgE serum levels in atopic patients. Total IgE serum levels decreased during dupilumab treatment in previous studies. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the effects of dupilumab treatment in comparison with alternative therapies on the frequency of MBC2s and the correlation to total IgE levels in pediatric patients with AD. METHODS: Pediatric patients with AD, participating in an ongoing trial, underwent randomization into 3 treatment groups: dupilumab (n = 12), cyclosporine (n = 12), and topical treatment (n = 12). Plasma samples and PBMCs were collected at baseline (T0) and at 6 months after starting therapy (T6). Flow cytometry was used for PBMC phenotyping, and ELISA was used to assess total IgE levels in plasma. RESULTS: Our findings revealed a significant reduction in MBC2 frequency and total IgE levels among patients treated with dupilumab. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between MBC2s and total IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic blocking of the IL-4Rα subunit leads to a decrease in circulating MBC2 cells and total IgE levels in pediatric patients with AD. Our findings unveiled a novel mechanism through which dupilumab exerts its influence on the atopic signature.

Structural brain differences in the Alzheimer's disease continuum: Insights into the heterogeneity from a large multi-site neuroimaging consortium.

INTRODUCTION: Neurodegenerative diseases require collaborative, multi-site research to comprehensively grasp their complex and diverse pathological progression, yet there is caution in aggregating global data due to data heterogeneity. The current study investigates brain structure across stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and how relationships vary across sources of heterogeneity. METHODS: Using 6 international datasets(n>27,000), associations of structural neuroimaging markers were investigated in relation to the AD continuum via meta-analysis. We investigated whether associations varied across elements of MRI acquisition, study design and populations. RESULTS: Modest differences in associations were found dependent on how data were acquired, however patterns were similar. Preliminary results suggest neuroimaging marker-AD relationships differ across ethnic groups. DISCUSSION: Diversity in data offers unique insights into the neural substrate of AD, however harmonised processing and transparency of data collection is needed. Global collaborations should embrace inherent heterogeneity that exists within the data and quantify its contribution to research findings at the meta-analytical stage.

Effect of different Volumes of exercise on skin temperature responses over the following 24 hours.

Skin temperature responses have been advocated to indicate exercise-induced muscle soreness and recovery status. While the evidence is contradictory, we hypothesize that the presence of muscle damage and the time window of measurement are confounding factors in the skin temperature response. The objective was to determine whether skin temperature is influenced by different workloads and the time course of temperature measurements over the following 24 h. 24 trained male military were assigned to one of three groups: GC group (n = 8) serving as control not performing exercises, GE group (n = 8) performing a simulated military combat protocol in an exercise track with different obstacles but designed not to elicit muscle damage, and the GEMD group (n = 8) performing the simulated military combat protocol plus 5 sets of 20 drop jumps, with 10-sec between repetitions and with 2-min of rest between sets aiming to induce muscle damage. Skin temperature was measured using infrared thermography before exercise (Pre) and 4 (Post4h), 8 (Post8h) and 24h (Post24h) post-exercise. Perception of pain (DOMS) was evaluated Pre, Post24h, and Post48h, and countermovement jump height was evaluated at Pre and Post24h. DOMS did not differ between groups in the Pre and Post24h measures but GEMD presented higher DOMS than the other groups at Post48h (p < 0.001 and large effect size). Jump height did not differ for GEMD and GC, and GE presented higher jump height at Post24h than GC (p = 0.02 and large effect size). Skin temperature responses of GEMD and GG were similar in all measurement moments (p > 0.22), and GE presented higher skin temperature than the GC and the GEMD groups at Post24h (p < 0.01 and large effect sizes). In conclusion, although physical exercise elicits higher skin temperature that lasts up to 24 h following the efforts, muscle soreness depresses this response.

Genotoxic Effects on Gas Station Attendants in South-southeastern México due to Prolonged and Chronic Exposure to Gasoline.

Background: Gasoline, a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Gasoline station attendants, consistently exposed to its hazardous components, may face genotoxic effects. This study aimed to assess the influence of varying work shift durations on DNA damage in gasoline station attendants. Methods: Ninety individuals from three locations in southern México were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay. Demographic, occupational, and lifestyle data were collected. Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Results: Significant differences in DNA damage parameters were observed between exposed and unexposed groups. The impact of tobacco, alcohol, and exercise on DNA damage was negligible. Extended work shifts (12 and 24 hours) showed heightened DNA damage compared to 8-hour shifts and the unexposed group. A novel finding revealed a modest but significant correlation between DNA damage and job seniority. Conclusion: The study highlights the intricate relationship between occupational exposure to gasoline components, DNA damage, and work shift lengths. Extended shifts correlate with heightened genotoxic effects, emphasizing the importance of personalized safety measures. The significant correlation between DNA damage and job seniority introduces occupational longevity as a determinant in the genetic health of gasoline station attendants. This discovery has implications for implementing targeted interventions and preventive strategies to safeguard workers' genetic integrity throughout their years of service. The study calls for further exploration of unconsidered factors in understanding the multifactorial nature of DNA damage in this occupational setting.

The Urinary Glycopeptide Profile Differentiates Early Cardiorenal Risk in Subjects Not Meeting Criteria for Chronic Kidney Disease.

Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide challenge. Subjects with albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg/g and preserved renal function are considered to be at no cardiorenal risk in clinical practice, but prospective clinical studies evidence increased risk, even at the high-normal (HN) ACR range (10-30 mg/g), supporting the need to identify other molecular indicators for early assessment of patients at higher risk. Following our previous studies, here we aim to stratify the normoalbuminuria range according to cardiorenal risk and identify the glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites associated with kidney damage in subclinical CKD. Glycoproteins were analyzed in urine from hypertensive patients within the HN ACR range compared to control group (C; ACR < 10 mg/g) by mass spectrometry. A different cohort was analyzed for confirmation (ELISA) and sex perspective was evaluated. Patients' follow-up for 8 years since basal urine collection revealed higher renal function decline and ACR progression for HN patients. Differential N-glycopeptides and their N -glycosylation sites were also identified, together with their pathogenicity. N-glycosylation may condition pathological protein deregulation, and a panel of 62 glycoproteins evidenced alteration in normoalbuminuric subjects within the HN range. Haptoglobin-related protein, haptoglobin, afamin, transferrin, and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (IGHG1) and 2 (IGHG2) showed increased levels in HN patients, pointing to disturbed iron metabolism and tubular reabsorption and supporting the tubule as a target of interest in the early progression of CKD. When analyzed separately, haptoglobin, afamin, transferrin, and IGHG2 remained significant in HN, in both women and men. At the peptide level, 172 N-glycopeptides showed differential abundance in HN patients, and 26 showed high pathogenicity, 10 of them belonging to glycoproteins that do not show variation between HN and C groups. This study highlights the value of glycosylation in subjects not meeting KDIGO criteria for CKD. The identified N-glycopeptides and glycosylation sites showed novel targets, for both the early assessment of individual cardiorenal risk and for intervention aimed at anticipating CKD progression.

Intracardiac vascular access in haemodialysis: A last resort for exhausted traditional access.

Depletion of veins for dialysis access is a challenging life threatening situation for patients in need of haemodialysis. The utilisation of intracardiac catheter is a rare procedure with scarce reported experience. We describe the case of a 68-year-old male that contributes to the limited knowledge of performing a life-saving intracardiac catheter placement for emergency haemodialysis in a patient without immediate alternative renal replacement therapy available. We also retrospectively analyse the experience reported so far and summarise complications and outcomes. In our case, the patient was able to pursue haemodialysis after intracardiac catheter placement without any complications. Two weeks later, the patient successfully received a kidney transplant from a deceased donor and has a serum creatinine of 1.7 mg/dL after 2 years of follow-up. There are only four reported cases of kidney transplantation after the procedure, including our own. Intracardiac catheter is an emerging option that could be considered in certain patients as the last resort. Further investigation with regards to patient candidacy and procedure security are necessary.

Sirolimus to treat chronic and steroid-resistant allograft rejection-related fibrosis in pediatric liver transplantation.

This study aimed to report our experience with the use of sirolimus in pediatric liver transplant patients with chronic rejection or steroid-resistant rejection with hepatic fibrosis, focusing on their histological evolution. All pediatric liver transplant recipients who received off-label treatment with sirolimus for chronic ductopenic rejection or cortico-resistant rejection between July 2003 and July 2022 were included in the study. All nine patients included in the study showed improvement in liver enzymes and cholestasis parameters as soon as 1-month after postsirolimus introduction. A decrease in fibrosis stage was observed in 7/9 (77.7%) patients at 36 months. All but one patient experienced an improvement in the Rejection Activity Index and ductopenia at 12 months. A single patient had to discontinue sirolimus treatment owing to nephrotic proteinuria. In conclusion, sirolimus may be a safe and effective treatment for chronic and steroid-resistant rejection and may improve allograft rejection-related fibrosis and ductal damage.

Clinical and serological characteristics of patients allergic to LTP.

BACKGROUND: Allergy to lipid transfer proteins (LPT) is common in Mediterranean Europe, and it causes severe reactions in patients and affects multiple foods, impairing the quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the clinical and sensitization profile of patients with LTP syndrome and to determine a clinical pattern of severity. Molecular diagnosis is shown in a broad population through microarrays. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed at the LTP Allergy Consultation of the Reina Sofia Hospital in Murcia, Spain. We analyzed the patients' characteristics, reactions, cofactors, food implicated, quality of life, skin prick test to food and aeroallergens, and serologic parameters, such as total immunoglobulin E, peach LTP (Pru p 3 IgE) and immunoglobulin G4, and microarray Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC). We related the severity of the reactions with other variables. RESULTS: We presented a series of 236 patients diagnosed with LTP allergy, 54.66% suffering from anaphylaxis, 36.02% from urticaria angioedema, and 9.32% from oral allergy syndrome. The most frequently implicated food was peach, producing symptoms in 70% of patients, followed by walnut in 55%, peanut in 45%, hazelnut in 44%, and apple in 38% patients. Regarding the food that provoked anaphylaxis, walnut was the most frequent instigator, along with peach, peanut, hazelnut, almond, sunflower seed, and apple. According to the severity of LPT reaction, we did not discover significant differences in gender, age, food group involved, and serologic parameters. We found differences in the presence of cofactors, with 48.84% of cofactors in patients with anaphylaxis, compared to 27.1% in patients without anaphylaxis and in family allergy background (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In our series of patients, 54% presented anaphylaxis, and the foods that most frequently produced symptoms were peaches, apples, and nuts. Cofactors and family allergy backgrounds were associated with the severity of LPT reaction.

Plasma Photoinactivation of Bacterial Isolated from Blood Donors Skin: Potential of Security Barrier in Transfusional Therapy.

The presence of skin bacteria capable of forming biofilm, exhibiting antibiotic resistance, and displaying virulence represents a significant challenge in the field of transfusion medicine. This underscores the necessity of enhancing the microbiological safety of blood and blood components against pathogens with virulent characteristics. The aim of this work was to demonstrate bacterial inactivation in plasma by using a photoinactivation method against virulent bacteria and to evaluate coagulation factors before and after treatment. Logarithmic loads of biofilm-producing, antibiotic-resistant, and virulent bacteria isolated from skin (Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella ozaenae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) were used in artificial contamination assays of fresh frozen plasma bags and subjected to photoreduction. FVIII and FI activity were evaluated before and after photoinactivation. The photoinactivation of plasma was demonstrated to be an effective method for the elimination of these bacteria. However, the efficiency of this method was found to be dependent on the bacterial load and the type of test microorganism. Conversely, decay of coagulation factors was observed with net residual activities of 61 and 69% for FVIII and FI, respectively. The photoinactivation system could have a bias in its effectiveness that is dependent on the test pathogen. These findings highlight the importance of employing technologies that increase the safety of the recipient of blood and/or blood components, especially against virulent bacteria, and show the relevance of the role of photoinactivation systems as an option in transfusion practice.