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1.
Nefrologia ; 31(1): 76-83, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21270917

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The work climate (WC) affects the performance of service providers and has an impact on the care provided to users. This is important in the case of conditions that affect the quality of life, as is the case of chronic kidney disease (CKD) treated with haemodialysis. In Mexico, the demand for the care of CKD cases is increasing and the haemodialysis offer is limited. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the WC in public, private and social security haemodialysis units in Mexico and to validate a tool to measure WC in haemodialysis units (HU). METHOD: 372 professionals from 84 HU in 27 states were interviewed using a questionnaire. This included questions about the WC, quality of care and structure and organisation of the HU. Variables were compared by type of institution and profession. RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed between the WC and indicators of the quality of care. Nine out of fourteen variables presented important differences by type of unit, with a better perception of WC in private units and a poorer perception in social security ones. CONCLUSIONS: The perception of WC relies on the organisation and planning of the institutions, as well as on their infrastructure. In the case of Social Security HU in Mexico, these appear to be the areas that require improvement in order to encourage a better work climate.


Assuntos
Unidades Hospitalares de Hemodiálise/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Privados/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Cultura Organizacional , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/estatística & dados numéricos , Previdência Social/organização & administração , Local de Trabalho , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Administradores Hospitalares/psicologia , Administradores Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Masculino , Corpo Clínico Hospitalar/psicologia , Corpo Clínico Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/psicologia , Percepção Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
2.
Euro Surveill ; 14(26)2009 Jul 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19573510

RESUMO

We use a time dependent modification of the Kermack and McKendrick model to study the evolution of the influenza A(H1N1)v epidemic reported in the Mexico City area under the control measures used during April and May 2009. The model illustrates how the sanitary measures postponed the peak of the epidemic and decreased its intensity. It provides quantitative predictions on the effect of relaxing the sanitary measures after a period of control. We show how the sanitary measures reduced the maximal prevalence of the infected population from 10% to less than 6% of the total population. We also show how the model predicts the time of maximal prevalence and explains the effect of the control measures.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Medição de Risco/métodos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , México , Vigilância da População , Portugal/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
3.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 60(6): 691-7, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16418743

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the independent and joint effects of dietary folate, vitamin B(12) consumption and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms (677C>T and 1298A>C) on the circulating folate and homocysteine (Hcy) levels among Mexican women of reproductive age. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, population-based study. SUBJECTS: The first 130 healthy non-pregnant women (aged 16-34 years) who agreed to participate in a reproductive cohort in Morelos, Mexico. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Dietary intakes of vitamin B(12) and folate were estimated using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms were ascertained using the PCR-based method. Serum levels of Hcy and folate were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay, respectively. RESULTS: Genotype frequencies for the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism were 21.5% (CC), 52.3% (CT) and 26.2% (TT) among Mexican women. Of the population, 22% had the MTHFR 1298AC genotype, while no individual carried the 1298CC genotype. We observed an increased level of Hcy among carriers of the 677TT genotype, compared to carriers of the 677CC genotype. The highest level of Hcy was observed among MTHFR 677TT carriers with low B(12) intake (<2.0 microg/day), which resulted with a significant interaction (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Vitamin B(12) is an important determinant of Hcy levels in Mexico. Supplementation of folic acid with vitamin B(12) may be preferable when the MTHFR 677T variant allele is prevalent.


Assuntos
Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Homocisteína/sangue , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Vitamina B 12/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , México , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Radioimunoensaio , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Eur J Cancer Prev ; 11(2): 129-35, 2002 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11984130

RESUMO

Information on the association between exposure to beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the incidence of breast cancer is inconclusive. However, exposure to such compounds is a public health concern in Mexico and is subject to recent regulation. Serum levels of beta-HCH, HCB and PCBs were analysed in 95 histologically confirmed breast cancer cases and 95 hospital controls, 20-79 years of age, from Mexico City, enrolled between March 1994 and April 1996. After adjusting for established risk factors, there was no evidence of a relationship between beta-HCH, HCB and PCBs and breast cancer risk (OR for beta-HCH tertile 3 versus tertile 1: 1.05 95% CI 0.46-2.40; OR for HCB tertile 3 versus tertile 1: 0.46 95% CI 0.20-1.07; OR for PCBs 1.31 95% CI 0.33-5.21 for the high category of exposure). This study lends no support to the case for a role for beta-HCH, HCB or PCBs in breast cancer aetiology.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Exposição Ambiental , Hexaclorobenzeno/sangue , Hexaclorocicloexano/sangue , Bifenilos Policlorados/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Risco
5.
Salud Publica Mex ; 43(3): 199-202, 2001.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11452695

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the modes of detection of breast malignancies in Mexico City and to estimate the number of patients diagnosed in advanced stages. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1994 and 1996, among 256 women with a histological diagnosis of breast cancer, at three tertiary level public hospitals in Mexico City. Personal interviews were conducted to collect data on reproductive characteristics, clinical history, and breast cancer modes of detection. Data analysis consisted of percentages, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Ninety percent of women sought medical care after identifying a breast lump by themselves. Only 10% of patients had a stage-I tumor; all 27 cases first identified by a physician were in stage II-B and higher. CONCLUSIONS: An increasing trend of breast cancer mortality in Mexico City will persist, unless a greater proportion of tumors in situ is detected; this would require enhancing breast cancer screening programs and conducting an intense educational intervention among women at risk.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias
6.
Salud Publica Mex ; 42(2): 106-11, 2000.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10893980

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of occupational exposure to noise, as well as its relationship with other factors that can induce hearing loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In January and February 1997, we conducted sonometry and dosimetry tests in a cement factory, as well as audiometric test in 85 cement workers, to identify sources of noise and evaluate the effect to noise exposure and other factors, of the prevalence of occupational hearing loss. Statistical analysis was conducted using measures of central tendency, bivariate analysis and polynominal regression models. RESULTS: High noise levels were found in the crushing, crude milling, and cement milling sites. The highest individual dose corresponded to the packer job post. Fifty-five per cent of the study population presented some degree of hearing loss due to noise exposure. The cement processing area with the highest percentage of damaged workers was calcination. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that noise is a serious risk factor in particular sites of cement factories, and also that an elevated number of hearing loss cases are due to occupational noise exposure in this industry; Our findings underscore the need for designing and implementing hearing protection programs, to assure the health and safety of cement workers.


Assuntos
Materiais de Construção , Surdez/epidemiologia , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência
7.
Rev Invest Clin ; 52(2): 203-10, 2000.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10846446

RESUMO

The present work pretend to describe the development achieved in the field of health technology assessment and to propose a set of criteria to evaluate them, with the intention that it will lead to the development of health programs and policy with a tendency to maximize effectiveness, efficiency and quality, within a frame of increasing needs and scarce technical and economic resources for health care. For this work, a comprehensive review was carried out about the background of health technology adoption in our country, and the context by which to evaluate the accessibility and utilization of the health technology. In the section for technology assessment, it is propose a method to evaluate based upon the natural history of disease, that is, the traditional form of health assessment is restricted to a cross section in time (vertical evaluation), and in this study the authors propose a model with a horizontal approach, that should offer as its main virtues the development of guidelines with regards to prevention, diagnosis and treatment, in addition to cost containment, in support to a more effective and higher quality medical practice.


Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Ciência de Laboratório Médico , Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Previsões , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Serviços de Informação , Ciência de Laboratório Médico/economia , México , Modelos Teóricos , Pesquisa , Transferência de Tecnologia
8.
Salud Publica Mex ; 42(1): 17-25, 2000.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10743395

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To develop an effective strategy to inform Mexican women between 12 and 47 years of age about breast cancer (BC) and train them to perform breast self-examination (BSE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between April, 1996 and July, 1998, two different strategies to teach BSE were designed and evaluated in Cuernavaca, State of Morelos, Mexico. These strategies included teaching materials and were based on opinions of women participating in the first stage of this study. Both strategies consisted of the presentation of a leaflet and a video. The first strategy was delivered by a public health nurse in charge of leading the session. The second one was presented by a BC survivor. This second strategy included slides and silicon breast models. These two strategies were then compared to a third one, consisting of a primary care nurse handling out a leaflet and showing a video, based on Health Secretariat's guidelines. In total, 149 women were trained. They were randomly assigned to any one of these three strategies. The effectiveness of the teaching strategies was determined by assessing the changes in the women's knowledge of BC and BSE, as well as in their ability to identify the largest number of lumps on a natural size silicon breast, before and after training. Statistical analysis included Student's t test, variance analysis, McNemar's chi 2, Pearson's chi 2, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: With all three strategies, there was an increase of approximately 30% in women's knowledge of BC and BSE as well as in their ability to detect lumps. Although at the beginning of the training only one out of every 20 women were able to identify more than three lumps in the silicon model, by the end between 3 and 4 of every 10 women were able to do this, with values of p < 0.05. Some factors determine women's learning of both BSE and information about BC as well as their ability to identify lumps. CONCLUSIONS: Teaching BSE with any of the strategies evaluated could be included in an integral program to educate Mexican women on breast cancer prevention and early detection. The appropriate and monthly practice of BSE is linked both to a decrease in the amount of time elapsing between the identification of suspect signs and the demand for medical care, such as requesting a clinical breast examination, which entails identifying small tumors when BC is present.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Autoexame de Mama/métodos , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Criança , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Materiais de Ensino
9.
Nutr Cancer ; 37(2): 134-9, 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11142084

RESUMO

We analyzed the intake of selected foods that contain phytoestrogens in relation to breast cancer (BC) risk using data from a hospital-based case-control study performed in Mexico City from 1994 to 1995. A total of 198 women with BC, aged 21-79 years, were individually age matched to an identical number of women with no breast disease. By a direct interview, information on socioeconomic characteristics and diet was obtained. A semiquantitative questionnaire was used to estimate the frequency of consumption of 95 foods. The effect of selected foods that contain phytoestrogens on BC risk was estimated using logistic regression models. The adjusted odds ratio for the consumption of more than one slice of onion per day and BC was 0.27 (95% confidence interval = 0.16-0.47), with a statistically significant trend (p < 0.001). This protective effect remained after adjustment for known risk factors of BC. Among premenopausal women, there was also a protective and significant effect due to the intake of lettuce and spinach and nonsignificant protective effects for the consumption of apples and herbal tea. Additional studies aimed at evaluating the potential protective effect of particular phytoestrogens on BC risk are needed.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Dieta , Estrogênios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Isoflavonas , Plantas Comestíveis , Adulto , Idoso , Anticarcinógenos/administração & dosagem , Anticarcinógenos/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Registros de Dieta , Estrogênios não Esteroides/análise , Feminino , Análise de Alimentos , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Modelos Logísticos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fitoestrógenos , Preparações de Plantas , Plantas Comestíveis/química , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Environ Res ; 81(4): 297-301, 1999 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10581107

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to determine the risk of preterm birth in relation to umbilical cord blood lead levels (UCL) among primiparous and multiparous women. A case-cohort study was performed in Mexico City during 1995. A total of 459 full-term births was compared with 161 preterm births (before 37 gestational weeks). Mothers were interviewed before the delivery about their reproductive histories and other related factors of preterm birth. Lead was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Lead levels were higher in primiparous women who had a preterm birth than in primiparous women with a full-term birth (9.77+/-2.0 microgram/dl vs 8.24+/-2.15 microgram/dl); this difference was marginally significant. After adjusting for other known preterm birth risk factors, the frequency of preterm birth was almost three times higher among women who had UCL levels greater or equal to 5.1 microgram/dl compared to those who had UCL levels lower than 5.1 microgram/dl. This difference was not observed among multiparous women. Our results suggest that intrauterine lead exposure may be associated with preterm birth in first deliveries but not in subsequent ones.


Assuntos
Chumbo/efeitos adversos , Troca Materno-Fetal , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/química , Humanos , Exposição Materna , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paridade , Gravidez , Medição de Risco
11.
Rev Saude Publica ; 33(4): 401-12, 1999 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10542475

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Present the results of the evaluation of a program for the non-insured population of the four poorest states of the country implemented by the Ministry of Health of Mexico between 1991 and 1995. METHODS: The effects of the program were evaluated in three areas: i) increase in health services coverage; ii) delivery of personal health services, and iii) changes in health conditions of the target population. The extension of coverage was measured by the increase in potential access due to the construction of health infrastructure projects and the use of additional health manpower, mainly primary health care workers. For the evaluation of the impact of the program on the delivery of services, three surveys were developed: one for service utilization, another one for accessibility, and a third for quality of care. The impact on health conditions was evaluated by changes in health indicators of children under five and women of reproductive age. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The Program had a positive impact on coverage, accessibility and quality of services. Its impact on health conditions was also positive. However, these last changes cannot be attributed only to the program, but to the sum of several concurrent activities.


Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Pessoas sem Cobertura de Seguro de Saúde , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
12.
Int J Cancer ; 83(5): 601-5, 1999 Nov 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10521793

RESUMO

In contrast to the decreasing trends observed in most countries, gastric-cancer mortality has remained at about the same level in Mexico throughout the last 40 years. As part of a study carried out in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, an assessment of nutrient intake and gastric cancer is presented here. The study population comprised 220 cases of gastric cancer and 752 population-based controls. Our results showed 70 to 80% reduction in the risk of developing this tumor, associated with the intake of polyunsaturated fat, fiber and vitamin E; and this effect was independent of the histological type of the tumor (i.e., intestinal or diffuse). On the other hand, an increased risk of gastric cancer was related to the consumption of saturated fat (OR(Q4vs.Q1) = 4.37, 95% CI 1.89-10.12) and, cholesterol (OR(Q4vs.Q1) = 2.39, 95% CI 1.23-4.64), but such effects were restricted to the intestinal type of gastric cancer. In the whole study population, mono-unsaturated fat intake increased the risk for gastric cancer, and a marginally significant increasing trend was observed for protein consumption. The findings from this study add information about the role of specific nutrients in the etiology of gastric cancer.


Assuntos
Dieta , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Energia , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia
13.
Arch Environ Health ; 54(2): 124-9, 1999.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10094291

RESUMO

To document the levels and the determinants of dichloro-dyphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) metabolites in maternal milk, we conducted a cohort study of 50 adult females who lived in Mexico City. We measured social and dietary characteristics via interview. Levels of DDT metabolites were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The mean values (lipid milk basis) were 0.162 ppm p,p'-DDT; 0.138 ppm o,p'-DDT; and 0.594 ppm 2,2(bis)p-chlorophyenyl-1-1-dichloroethylene (DDE). The main determinants of DDT metabolites were maternal age, lifetime lactation, history of living in an agricultural area, and consumption of salted meat and fish. We estimated that 6.0% of the breast-fed babies had daily intakes of DDT above the level of 0.005 mg/kg d recommended by the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (WHO/FAO). Health-outcomes research among children is needed, and investigators should design or adjust current surveillance programs.


Assuntos
DDT/metabolismo , Inseticidas/metabolismo , Leite/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Aleitamento Materno , Estudos de Coortes , DDT/análise , Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , México , Paridade , Vigilância da População , Fatores Socioeconômicos
15.
Salud Publica Mex ; 40(5): 442-9, 1998.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9842283

RESUMO

In this paper we review a hypothesis put forth in 1980 by James Fries under the name of the compression of morbidity, as an example of theoretical development in the field of epidemiology. Initially we discuss some of the essential features of scientific theories and make a historical account of the most important causal models that epidemiology has embraced. Then, the basis for proposing that a compression of the morbidity is taking place are described focusing on its advantages and limitations when it is analyzed from the point of view of structuralism. Finally, we conclude that, to the extent that they are correct, models of this kind have the potential of describing and predicting the evolution of human health; hence, their systematic development entails an extraordinary importance for public health.


Assuntos
Epidemiologia , Modelos Teóricos , Morbidade , Humanos , Conhecimento , Saúde Pública
16.
Cad Saude Publica ; 14 Suppl 3: 25-32, 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9819462

RESUMO

This paper presents an assessment of alcohol consumption, including the popular Mexican liquor tequila, in relation to the incidence of gastric cancer. We conducted a population-based case-control study in Mexico City, with 220 gastric cancer cases and 752 population-based controls. A food frequency questionnaire was used to measure consumption of alcohol and other dietary items. Grams of ethanol were estimated by the Food Intake Analysis System 3.0 software. After adjustment for known risk factors, wine consumption was positively associated with the risk of developing gastric cancer (OR=2.93; CI 95% 1.27-6.75) in the highest category of wine consumption, corresponding to at least 10 glasses of wine per month, with a significant trend (p=0.005). This association remained among intestinal (OR=2.16; CI 95% 0.68-6.92, p-value for trend=0.031 ) and diffuse (OR=4.48; CI 95% 1.44-13.94, p-value for trend=0.018 ) gastric cancer cases. A borderline significant trend between GC risk and total ethanol intake was observed (p=0.068). Consumption of beer and distilled alcoholic beverages including brandy, rum, and tequila was not associated with GC risk. The results indicate the need to focus on the study of the potential effects of different types of wine, with emphasis on components other than ethanol regarding the incidence of gastric cancer, even among populations with moderate to low levels of alcohol consumption.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos
18.
Cancer Res ; 57(17): 3728-32, 1997 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9288780

RESUMO

Some, but not all, epidemiological studies have suggested that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) may play a role in the development of breast cancer. These investigations have been conducted in countries where this substance has been banned for at least 20 years. We conducted a study in Mexico, a country in which DDT is still being used to control malaria. In a hospital-based case-control study, we compared 141 histologically confirmed cases of breast cancer with 141 age-matched controls (+/-3 years). All subjects were identified at three referral hospitals of Mexico City between March 1994 and April 1996. Reproductive histories and other variables were obtained by structured interviews, DDT/DDE levels were determined in serum by gas-liquid chromatography. The arithmetic mean of serum DDE in lipid basis was 562.48 +/- 676.18 ppb (range, 10.24-4661.44) for the cases and 505.46 +/- 567.22 ppb (range, 0.004 to 4361.75) for the controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. The age-adjusted odds ratios for breast cancer regarding the serum level of DDE were 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.38-1.24) and 0.97 (confidence interval, 0.55-1.70) for the contrasts between tertile 1 (lowest level) and tertiles 2 and 3, respectively. These estimates were unaffected by adjustment for body mass, accumulated time of breast-feeding and menopause, and other breast cancer risk factors. These results do not lend support to the hypothesis that DDT is causally related to breast cancer at the body-burden levels found in our study population but do not exclude the possibility that higher levels of exposure could still play a role in the etiology of this tumor.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Carcinógenos , DDT/sangue , Inseticidas/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Peso Corporal , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , História Reprodutiva , Fatores de Risco
20.
Cad Saude Publica ; 13(2): 205-211, 1997 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10886849

RESUMO

In 1988, the General Directorate of Epidemiology and the Mexican Institute of Psychiatry conducted the first National Addiction Survey (ENA), providing regional and national data on alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. The ENA providing a subsample of women who have been pregnant at some time in their lives. There were 5,234 affirmative responses. Women were asked if they had suffered any of three adverse outcomes during their last pregnancy: spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities. Prevalence of spontaneous abortion was 3.8%, stillbirth 1.2%, and congenital abnormalities 1.1 %. Multiple logistic-regression models were used to analyze the effect of alcohol consumption on these problems. Consumption during pregnancy was related only with the prevalence of congenital abnormalities, with prevalence odds of 3.4. Among habitual users during the last 12 months, oniy women in the highest use category showed an important relationship with the three problems mentioned. Follow-up studies on the Mexican population are recommended in order to obtain more conclusive findings.

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