RESUMO
The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of pulmonary involvement in a cohort of 26 patients in whom a diagnosis of leptospirosis had been made. Seventeen of the 26 patients had respiratory symptoms. Of these 17 patients, 13 had radiographs showing pulmonary abnormality. The most frequent finding was a bilateral patchy alveolar-acinar pattern in six patients. Three patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and died due to multiorgan failure. Only cigarette smoking was significantly associated with respiratory involvement (odds ratio, 19.2; 95% CI, 1.7-250; P < 0.001). The results indicate that pulmonary manifestations are observed in a high percentage of patients with leptospirosis. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary involvement in human leptospirosis.
Assuntos
Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Leptospirose/microbiologia , Leptospirose/patologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/patologia , Pneumopatias/microbiologia , Pneumopatias/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/patologia , Radiografia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/epidemiologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/microbiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversosRESUMO
We studied the causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in 184 patients. Microbiologic evaluation included sputum examination, blood culture, assessment of acute and convalescent antibody titers for Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Coxiella psitacci, Coxiella burnetii and respiratory viruses, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae in throat swab, and PCR assay based on the amplification of pneumolysin gene fragment in sera. The causative pathogen was identified in 78 patients (Streptococcus pneumoniae, 44; M. pneumoniae, 26; C. pneumoniae, 1; others, 7). S. pneumoniae was detected in serum by the PCR assay in 41 patients, five of whom also had a positive blood culture. PCR assay was negative in two patients with positive blood culture for S. pneumoniae. C. pneumoniae was detected by PCR in nine patients, but only one showed seroconversion. M. pneumoniae was detected by PCR in only three patients (two without seroconversion). The diagnosis of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae was five times greater using PCR in serum than with blood culture. Detection of C. pneumoniae by PCR without fulfilling criteria for acute infection may be considered a prior infection. The PCR assay for the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae has a lower sensitivity than serologic methods.
