Metabolic responses to acute sprint interval exercise training performed after an oral 75-gram glucose load in individuals with overweight/obesity.

There is evidence supporting that acute sprint interval training (SIT) might improve metabolic responses to postprandial glucose, but results are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of acute SIT on metabolic response and substrate utilization in individuals with overweight/obesity after an oral 75-gram glucose challenge. Thirty-three participants with overweight/ obesity (32.7 ± 8.3 years, 24 male, 9 female) participated in the study and a crossover design was followed. After the 75-gram glucose load, participants were randomly allocated to two groups: no exercise (resting) or SIT protocol. Metabolic data including respiratory quotient (RQ) and substrate utilization rates (fats and carbohydrates) were collected using the COSMED Q-NRG + ® calorimeter. The RQ was significantly lower in the acute SIT group (0.76 [0.01]; p < 0.0001) than in the resting group (0.80 [0.01]; p = 0.036) at the 120-min postprandial time point, and the RQ area under the curve (AUC) was also lower in the SIT group (mean difference of -6.62, 95% CI -12.00 to -1.24; p = 0.0161). The contribution of fat to energy expenditure increased after SIT during the postprandial period whereas the contribution of carbohydrates decreased. The AUC for fat contribution was significantly higher (mean difference 2311.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 578.8 to 4043.3; p = 0.0098) and the AUC for carbohydrate contribution was significantly lower (mean difference -2283.1, 95% CI -4040.2 to -527.1; p = 0.0117) in the SIT group than in the resting group. In conclusions, acute SIT might have a positive effect on metabolic responses to postprandial glucose and, accordingly, should be recommended for improving metabolism in people with overweight/obesity.

Características antropométricas y funcionales de corredores colombianos de élite de larga distancia / Anthropometric and functional characteristics of Colombian elite long-distance runners / Características antropométricas e funcionais de corredores colombianos de elite de longa distância

Objetivo: describir las características antropométricas y funcionales de corredores élite de larga distancia. Método: estudio transversal de 19 atletas élite profesionales (edad 28,2 ± 6,9 años). Se midieron 24 variables antropométricas, según las normas de la International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Se calcularon los tres componentes del somatotipo de Heath-Carter y se estimó la composición corporal con las ecuaciones propuestas por Siri, Matiegka, Jackson y Pollock. Como indicadores funcionales se midieron la capacidad funcional por VO(2) máx por ergometría, la potencia anaeróbica por salto vertical y la capacidad anaeróbica por el test de Wingate. Resultados: en cuanto a la composición corporal se hallaron: porcentaje de masa grasa de 13,3 ± 3,2; proporción muscular de 47,3 ± 2,5% e índice de adiposidad corporal de 24,1 ± 3,3. El somatotipo grupal fue el mesomorfo-balanceado (3,6-4,0-2,1). Con respecto a los indicadores funcionales, se hallaron: valores promedio de capacidad aeróbica por VO(2) máx de 42,6 ± 8,1 mL•kg-1•min-1; potencia anaeróbica de 106,0 ± 31,8 kg•s-1 y capacidad anaeróbica pico de 6501,0 ± 1831,6 K/jul. Conclusiones: estos resultados pueden suministrar un perfil de corredores de larga distancia utilizable como meta para el desarrollo de atletas, así como dar información para el entrenamiento y el énfasis táctico.

Objective: To evaluate the anthropometric and physical performance characteristics of elite long-distance runners. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 19 male competitive long-distance runners of national level (age 28.2 ± 6.9 years). A total of 24 anthropometric variables were measured according to the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) statements. The Heath-Carter method and the formula proposed by Siri, Matiegka, Jackson and Pollock were used to calculate the somatotype and the body composition, respectively. Ergospirometry VO(2) max, Vertical Jump Test and the Wingate Test were used as functional indicators. Results: Regarding body composition, we found fat mass percentage 13.3 ± 3.2; muscle mass 47.3 ± 2.5%, and body adiposity index 24.1 ± 3.3. Somatotype profile was the mesomorphic-balanced (3.6-4.0- 2.1). Mean values of functional tests with their standard deviations were: VO(2) máx (mL•kg-1•min-1) 42.6 ± 8.1; anaerobic power 106.0 ± 31.8 kg•s-1, and anaerobic capacity 6501.0 ± 1831.6 K/jul. Conclusion: These results may provide a profile of long-distance runners that can be used as training targets for developing athletes. The results may also provide information for training and tactical emphasis.

Objetivo: descrever as características antropométricas e funcionais de corredores elite de longa distância. Método: estudo transversal de 19 atletas elite profissionais (idade 28,2 ± 6,9 anos). Mediram-se 24 variáveis antropométricas, segundo as normas da International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Calcularam-se os três componentes do somatótipo de Heath-Carter e se estimou a composição corporal com as equações propostas por Siri, Matiegka, Jackson e Pollock. Como indicadores funcionais se mediram a capacidade funcional por VO(2) máx por ergometria, a potência anaeróbica por salto vertical e a capacidade anaeróbica pelo teste de Wingate. Resultados: quanto à composição corporal se acharam: porcentagem de massa gordurosa de 13,3 ± 3,2; proporção muscular de 47,3 ± 2,5% e índice de adiposidade corporal de 24,1 ± 3,3. O somatótipo grupal foi o mesomorfo-balançado (3,6-4,0-2,1). Com respeito aos indicadores funcionais, acharam-se: valorizes média de capacidade aeróbica por VO(2) máx de 42,6 ± 8,1 mL•kg-1•min-1; potência anaeróbica de 106,0 ± 31,8 kg•s-1 e capacidade anaeróbica bico de 6501,0 ± 1831,6 K/jul. Conclusões: estes resultados podem fornecer um perfil de corredores de longa distância utilizável como meta para o desenvolvimento de atletas, bem como dar informação para o treinamento e a ênfase tática.

Anthropometric and physical fitness characterization of male elite karate athletes / Caracterización antropométrica y estado físico de atletas de elite de karate masculino

This study aimed to assess anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of male elite karate athletes. Our study was carried out on a sample of 19 male Karate Athletes from Colombia (mean age 31.6±8.8 years). Different anthropometric measurements were taken (weight, height, diameters, circumferences, body composition) from which several anthropometric indices were calculated (body mass index, ponderal index, body index adiposity), and the somatotype was then determined. The performance tests carried out were: Astrand-Ryming protocol, vertical jump, anaerobic power and Wingate anaerobic test. The results (mean±SD) showed a body mass (65.4±12.0 kg), height (167.4±9.3 cm), percent body fat (13.6±3.0 %), ponderal index (41.0±1.8) and body adiposity index (25.1±3.6). The somatotype component values according to the Heath-Carter method were (4.0-4.2-2.1) for the endomorphic, mesomorphic, and ectomorphic components respectively. The aerobic capacity average was (44.8±7.1 ml·kg-1·min-1), vertical jump (32.0±8.7 cm) anaerobic power (90.1±22.7 kg·s-1) and anaerobic capacity (5748.7±1477.5 W). These results may provide a profile of elite karate that can be used as training targets for developing athletes. Our findings provide novel insight for both tactical and functional training.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las características antropométricas y del estado físico de los atletas de elite karate maculino. Nuestro estudio se realizó sobre una muestra de 19 atletas karatecas de Colombia (edad media de 31,6±8,8 años). Se tomaron diferentes medidas antropométricas (peso, talla, diámetros, circunferencias, composición corporal) a partir de las cuales se calcularon varios índices antropométricos (índice de masa corporal, índice ponderal, índice de adiposidad corporal), permitiendo determinar el somatotipo. Las pruebas de rendimiento realizadas fueron: el protocolo Astrand-Ryming, salto vertical, potencia anaeróbica y la prueba anaeróbica de Wingate. Se obtuvieron los resultados (Media±DE) de masa corporal (65,4±12,0 kg), altura (167,4±9,3 cm), porcentaje de grasa corporal (13,6±3,0%), índice ponderal (41,0±1,8) e índice de adiposidad corporal (25,1±3,6). Los valores de los componentes del somatotipo, de acuerdo con el método de Heath-Carter, fueron de 4,0­4,2­2,1 para los componentes endomórfico, mesomórfico, y ectomórfico, respectivamente. El promedio para la capacidad aeróbica fue (44,8±7,1 ml·kg1·min-1), del salto vertical (32,0±8,7 cm), de potencia anaeróbica (90,1±22,7 kg·s-1) y de capacidad anaeróbica (5.748,7±1.477,5 W). Estos resultados permiten obtener un perfil del karateca de elite, que puede ser utilizado como blanco de formación para el desarrollo de estos atletas. Los resultados también pueden proporcionar información que busque enfatizar el entrenamiento y desarrollo de tácticas.

Anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of colombian elite male wrestlers.

BACKGROUND: Wrestling was an important part of the ancient Olympic Games and is still one of the most popular events of the modern Olympic Games. Studies indicate that general physiologic profile of successful wrestlers is high anaerobic power and capacity, muscular strength, above average aerobic power, exceptional flexibility, fat free mass, and a mesomorphic somatotype. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to evaluate anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of elite male wrestlers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Colombian Wrestling Team was evaluated while in preparation for the Olympic Games (n = 21; age, 27.9 ± 6.7 years). Athletes were tested on anthropometric and fitness parameters: body composition, somatotype distribution according to Heath-Carter, aerobic capacity, vertical jump, and anaerobic power. RESULTS: The evaluations showed a mean body fat percentage of 13.6% ± 3.0% (95% CI, 12.2%-15%), muscle mass of 46.4% ± 2.2% (95% CI, 45.4%-47.4%), Ponderal index of 41.0 ± 1.8 (95% CI, 40.2-41.8), body adiposity index (BAI) 25.1 ± 3.6 (95% CI, 23.5-26.8), and somatotype distribution mesomorphic-ectomorph (5.3-1.6-3.8). Mean aerobic capacity was 45.9 ± 6.6 mL/kg/min (95% CI, 42.8-48.9), vertical jump was 36.4 ± 6.6 cm (95% CI, 11.8-16.6), and anaerobic power was 92.6 ± 19.5 kg/s (95% CI, 83.7-101.5). CONCLUSIONS: These results provided a profile of elite wrestlers that could be used as training targets for developing athletes. The results may also provide information for training and tactical planning.

Valoración no invasiva de los niveles de Beta-carotenos en pielen adultos colombianos / No disponible

Introducción Los pigmentos carotenoides poseen propiedades antioxidantes y beneficiosas para la salud de los seres humanos. Se ha sugerido la utilización de la espectroscopia de resonancia Raman (ERR) como un método fiable para su medición en tejidos como la dermis. No obstante, antes de poder utilizar esta técnica, es preciso recolectar datos sobre su variabilidad y reproducibilidad. Objetivo Evaluar la reproducibilidad de la técnica de ERR, para (..) (AU)

Introduction Carotenoid pigments have antioxidant properties beneficial for human health. Use of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) as a reliable method for measuring carotenoid levels in tissues such as dermis has been suggested. However, data about the variability and reproducibility of this technique should be collected before it can be used. Objective To assess reproducibility of RRS for (..) (AU)

Non-invasive assessment of ß-carotene levels in the skin of Colombian adults.

INTRODUCTION: Carotenoid pigments have antioxidant properties beneficial for human health. Use of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) as a reliable method for measuring carotenoid levels in tissues such as dermis has been suggested. However, data about the variability and reproducibility of this technique should be collected before it can be used. OBJECTIVE: To assess reproducibility of RRS for detection of total ß-carotene levels in the skin of Colombian adults. DESIGN: Forty-eight healthy men and 30 healthy women with various pigmentation levels were enrolled into the study. Measurements by RRS were performed in the palmar region and medial and lateral aspects of the arms. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, adjusting for confounding factors: body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, age, race, smoking, and sex. Reproducibility of the technique was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Mean ß-carotene levels were 29.9 ± 11.9 in men and 30.6 ± 8.6 in women (P=.787). No differences or significant associations were found of ß-carotene levels with confounding factors assessed by sex. ICCs were 0.89 in the palmar region, 0.85 in the medial aspect of arm, and 0.82 in the external aspect of arm. CONCLUSION: RRS spectroscopy is a reliable method for non-invasive measurement of ß-carotene levels in skin, and may be used as an important biomarker of antioxidant status in nutritional and health studies in humans.

Análisis comparativo del VO2máx estimado mediante las ecuaciones desarrolladas por Jackson et al y el American College of Sport Medicine en corredores de maratón / No disponible

Fundamento: Una reducida capacidad funcional, o VO2máx, es considerada como factor de riesgo que ocasiona la muerte por múltiples causas, pero principalmente por enfermedad coronaria. Por lo anterior, y sumado a la dificultad que representa su evaluación, se han sugerido otras alternativas para considerarla, desarrollando ecuaciones de predicción, sin la necesidad de realizar ejercicio. Objetivo: Analizar comparativamente las ecuaciones para la predicción del VO2máx mediante el test “Nonexercise regression models to estimate peak oxygen consumtion” (PAR/PAF), y la desarrollada por el American College Sport Medicine (ACSM) en corredores de maratón. Mediciones principales: Variables sociodemográficas: edad (años), estado civil, estrato socioeconómico, nivel educativo y tipo de afiliación al sistema de Seguridad Social en Salud. Variables antropométricas: estatura (m), peso (kg), índice de masa corporal (IMC kg/m2) y perímetro abdominal. Variable de capacidad funcional: ecuaciones de predicción, descritos por Jackson et al (PAR/PAF), y el ACSM(AU)

Resultados: Se encontraron correlaciones entre el cálculo del ACSM y el cuestionario PAR/PAF en función al tiempo de llegada (p < 0,001, r2 = 0,94), (pNS, r2 = 0,00), y en función de la edad (pNS, r2 = 0,00), (p < 0,001, r2 = 0,87), n = 81, respectivamente. Al diferenciarlos por grupos de edad, con el cálculo del ACSM y el PAR/PAF en mayores de 30 años, se encontró una importante correlación en función al tiempo de llegada (p < 0,001, r2 = 0,95), (pNS, r2 = 0,09), respectivamente. Resultados contrarios en función de la edad, ACSM (pNS, r2 = 0,03), PAR/PAF (p < 0,001, r2 = 0,78). En menores de 30 años, comparados los métodos con el tiempo de llegada, el cálculo del ACSM demostró una alta correlación (p < 0,001, r2 = 0,97), contraria al cálculo del PAR/PAF (pNS, r2 = 0,03). Al comparar ambos métodos y su relación con la edad, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas (r2 = 0,22) y (r2 = 0,05). La correlación entre ambos métodos para estimar de manera indirecta el VO2máx en corredores de media maratón sólo fue encontrada en el grupo de mayores de 30 años (p < 0,01, r = 0,32), n=65. Conclusiones: Los modelos de predicción del VO2máx pueden constituirse en una alternativa viable para la evaluación de la capacidad funcional en estudios epidemiológicos. A pesar de esto, ambos métodos presentan un grado bajo de correlación, lo cual hace necesario futuras investigaciones para su validez(AU)

Background: Reduced cardiorespiratory function is an independent risk factor for mortality by all causes, but mainly for coronary heart disease. Nevertheless, there are many difficulties in evaluating it by exercise testing in the epidemiological context. Alternative forms of evaluation have therefore been suggested using non-exercise regression models. Aim: To comparatively analyse equations for predicting VO2max through the “Non-exercise test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake” (PAR/PAF), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) in runners of marathon. Measurements: Socio-demographic variables: age (years), marital status, socioeconomic status, educational level, and membership of the Social Security Health System. Body composition variables: height (m), weight (kg), body mass index (BMI kg/m2) and abdominal circumference. Functional capacity: equations for the prediction of functional capacity VO2max described by Jackson et al PAR/PAF and the ACSM(AU)

Results: Correlations were seen between the ACSM calculation and the PAR/PAF questionnaire according to time of arrival (p < 0.001, r2 = 0,94), (PNS, r2 = 0.00), and according to age (PNS, r2 =0.00), (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.87), n = 81, respectively. When differentiating by age group, with the calculation of the ACSM and the PAR/PAF, a significant correlation was found in the in> 30 years group according to time of arrival (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.95), (PNS, r2 = 0.09), respectively. Results compared depending on age, ACSM (PNS,r2 =0.03), PAR/PAF (p < 0.001, r2 = 78). In the < 30 years group, compared with the methods the time of arrival, the calculation of the ACSM showed a high correlation (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.97), compare to the PAR/PAF calculation (PNS, r2 = 0.03). When comparing the two methods and their relationship withage, there were no significant correlations (r2 = 22) and (r2 = 0.05). A correlation between the two methods for indirectly estimating VO2 max in the half-marathon runners was found only in the > 30 years group (p < 0.01, r = 32), n = 65. Conclusion: This study showed a higher adjusted r2, which reflected the quality and the prediction power of the models. The authors conclude that cardiorespiratory assessment by non-exercise models in epidemiological studies could be feasible(AU)

Características antropométricas y funcionales de individuos físicamente activos / Anthropometric and functional characteristics of phisically active individuals

Para conocer su estado de salud y su grado de aptitud física, se hizo una revisión médicodeportiva a 57 mujeres y 60 varones inscritos en el Programa de Actividad Física del Centro para la Investigación en Salud y Rendimiento Humano ZOE, en Cali, Colombia. Con elobjeto de aportar datos de referencia, hasta ahora inexistentes en Colombia, se presentan los valores obtenidos. La evaluación antropométrica (peso, talla) sirvió para calcular el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Se practicaron los siguientes estudios físicos: una prueba incremental en cicloergómetro para evaluar el consumo máximo de oxígeno que, junto con los Met, clasificaría la capacidad funcional; pruebas de potencia y flexibilidad. Los resultados fueron como sigue: edad media: 51,4 ± 6,4 años; talla media: 165,0 ± 9,2 cm; peso corporal medio: 72,0 ± 13,4 kg; IMC: 26,6 ± 3,4 kg/m2. La media general del consumo máximo de oxígeno fue 26,5 ± 9,0 mL/kg/min y los Met alcanzados, 7,6 ± 2,6. La potencia anaeróbica media fue 70,6 ± 39,6 kg/seg y la flexibilidad media evaluada con la prueba Sit and Reach fue 23,3 ± 10,7 cm. La información obtenida no se puede extrapolar a la población general pero sirve de punto de partida para otros estudios que caractericen la población colombiana desde los puntos de vista antropométrico y funcional.

In order to determine their health status and physical fitness, studies were carried out in 57 women and 60 men, aged between 45 and 77 years, registered in a physical activity program in Cali, Colombia. We report the results of the anthropometric and functional tests. Measurements of weight and height were used to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI). Functional studies included power and flexibility tests as well as an incremental test in cyclergometer to evaluate themaximum oxygen consumption which, along with the Mets, would classify the functional capacity. Average results were as follows: age 51.4 ± 6.4 years; height 165 ± 9.2 cm; body weight 72.0 ± 13.4 kg; BMI 26.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2; maximum oxygen consumption 26.5 ± 9.0 mL/kg/min; Mets 7.6 ± 2.6; anaerobic power 70.6 ± 39.6 kg/seg and flexibility, evaluated with the Sit andReach test, 23.3 ± 10.7 cm. Due to the reduced number of individuals studied, our data can not be extrapolated to the general Colombian population, but they may be the basis for other studies thatcharacterize it from the anthropometrical and functional points of view.

Beneficios percibidos de un grupo de mujeres en climaterio incorporadas a un programa de actividad física terapéutica / Perceived benefits of therapeutic physical activity in a group of postmenopausal women

Fundamento: El ejercicio proporciona una amplia gama de beneficios en la prevención de enfermedades en mujeres menopáusicas, aunque el impacto de la participación medida por el bienestar psicosocial es confuso. Objetivo: Describir los beneficios percibidos de un grupo de mujeres menopáusicas incorporadas a un programa de actividad física terapéutica (AFT) en medio acuático. Diseño: Estudio cuasiexperimental analítico. Participantes y métodos: Cincuenta mujeres del área metropolitana de Cali que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Mediciones primarias: Se recogieron variables antropométricas (edad, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal). Se administró el Cuestionario de Salud SF-36 para medir los beneficios percibidos mediante entrevista personal pre y post intervención. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y dispersión de las puntuaciones, por grupos etarios. Resultados: Todos los dominios del Cuestionario de Salud SF-36 experimentaron modificaciones tras la intervención. Los beneficios percibidos se agruparon en 8 categorías principales. Las puntuaciones más elevadas referidas por los sujetos se encontraron en las categorías de dolor corporal (23%), rol físico (22%) y vitalidad (21%), mientras que la categoría de rol emocional y de salud general obtuvieron valores del 18 y del 16%, respectivamente. La función social (14%) y la función física (13%) fueron los más bajos. La salud mental tuvo una variación negativa del 3% (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusiones: La AFT en adultos mayores modifica la percepción de salud en todas las categorías. Estos resultados favorecen la interpretación y el conocimiento del ejercicio por este grupo de personas

Background: Exercise and physical activity provide a wide range of health benefits in postmenopausal women, although the impact of sustained physical activity on psychosocial well being is unclear. Objective: To describe the benefits of a program of therapeutic activity in water perceived by postmenopausal women. Design: Quasi-experimental analytic study. Participants and methods: We studied 50 women in the metropolitan area of the city of Santiago de Cali (Colombia) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Primary measurements: Anthropometric variables (age, weight, size, body mass index) were collected. The Short-form 36 (SF-36) health questionnaire was administered to measure health-related quality of life in pre- and postintervention personal interviews. Measures of central tendency and dispersion of the scores were calculated by age groups. Results: All domains of the SF-36 health questionnaire were modified after the study. The perceived benefits were grouped in 8 main categories. The highest scores reported by the women were found in bodily pain (23%), role-physical (22%) and vitality (21%), while role-emotional and general health received scores of 18% and 16%, respectively. The lowest scores were found in social function (14%) and physical function (13%). Mental health showed negative variation (3%; p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: All domains of self-perceived health were modified by therapeutic physical activity in women aged more than 55 years old. These results demonstrate the advantages of exercise in this group of women