[Laparoscopic gastric sleeve in gastric volvulus secondary to diaphragmatic eventration in an adult patient]. / Manga gástrica laparoscópica en vólvulo gástrico secundario a eventración diafragmática en paciente adulto.

BACKGROUND: Acute gastric volvulus is a rare, but potentially life-threatening, cause of upper gastrointestinal obstruction. CLINICAL CASE: Male of 60 years old with severe epigastric pain and abdominal distension with haematemesis on two occasions. The patient was haemodynamically stable, with abdominal distension and palpable epigastric fullness. Hematic cytology showed: haemoglobin 8.2g/dl and haematocrit 27%. Abdominal X-ray showed an elevation of left diaphragm with a hugely dilated stomach. A nasogastric tube was inserted. Endoscopy was performed. There was no active bleeding, but it was impossible to reach the duodenum due to the stomach distortion. The upper gastrointestinal X-ray study showed the appearance of an inverted stomach in the chest and an organoaxial gastric torsion. The CT scans of thorax and abdomen showed a gastric ascent into the thoracic cavity. Laparoscopic surgery was performed, finding the left hemi-diaphragm elevated, and the stomach, splenic angle of the colon, the spleen and tail of the pancreas were also raised. A linear gastrectomy (gastric sleeve) was performed. The postoperative progress was satisfactory. Oral feeding was started 72 hours after surgery, and the patient was discharged, and has remained asymptomatic during the following by 8 years. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency physicians must maintain a high level of suspicion in patients that present with signs and symptoms suggesting upper digestive tract occlusion. The gastric sleeve is an excellent alternative to avoid recurrence of gastric volvulus.

Cardiopexy with Ligamentum Teres in Patients with Hiatal Hernia and Previous Sleeve Gastrectomy: An Alternative Treatment for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

BACKGROUND: Fifty percent of patients who have undergone sleeve gastrectomy have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Surgical reinforcement of the lower esophageal sphincter is necessary to prevent acid reflux. Here, we describe ligamentum teres cardiopexy, a surgical technique that reinforces the lower esophageal sphincter and restores its competence with a new valve, in patients with previous sleeve gastrectomy and hiatal hernia. METHODS: Included in the study were 15 patients (age, 35.6 ± 15.2 years; 13 females [86.6 %]; mean pre-cardiopexy body mass index, 21.94 kg/m(2)) with sleeve gastrectomy who presented with hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux disease and underwent ligamentum teres cardiopexy. In this procedure, the ligamentum teres is released from its umbilical connection and the hernia reduced by manual traction, freeing the last 3-5 cm of esophagus in the abdomen. The distal ligamentum teres is fixed with one stitch to the apex of the angle of His, one at the gastroesophageal junction, and one joining the gastric fundus to the esophagus. The remainder of the ligamentum teres is fixed over itself with four to six stitches, forming a necktie cardiopexy. The procedure concludes with diaphragmatic crus closure. RESULTS: After 6 months, 13 patients (86.6 %) achieved successful results, defined as resolution of GERD, no proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use, and manometry measurement over 12 mmHg after surgery. Two patients (13.3 %) required continued proton-pump inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Ligamentum teres cardiopexy combined with closure of the gastric crus is a good alternative treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with previous sleeve gastrectomy and hiatal hernia.

[Levonorgestrel intrauterine device associated with ureterpyelocaliceal ectasia]. / Dispositivo intrauterino con levonorgestrel translocado asociado con ectasia ureteropielocalicial bilateral.

BACKGROUND: In 2010, Health Canada, the equivalent to the FDA, reported that the risk of uterine perforation caused by levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD) is very serious, warning that its use had increased the number of uterine perforation. CLINICAL CASE: A 33 years old patient in who was placed three years before a levonorgestrel IUD; She presented evolution of 10 days with pain in hypogastric and both flanks and chronic constipation of two years; in exploration: moderate abdominal distention, IUD strings were not visible in uterine cervix. With translocated IUD diagnosis, a tomography was performed, finding IUD in abdominal cavity and ureter pyelocalyceal bilateral ectasia; preoperative plasma concentration of levonorgestrel 5.1 nmol/L, leukocytosis of 11,000 cells/mm3, and 20-30 erythrocytes in urine exam. Laparoscopic resection of omentum attached to IUD translocated was performed. One month after surgery plasma levonorgestrel in 0.3 nmol/L, normal urinalysis and hematic cytometry and resolution of the urinary tract ectasia. CONCLUSIONS: devices translocated with levonorgestrel, must be removed because the inflammatory reaction caused and the perforation of hollow viscera likelihood, with possibility to produce digestive tract and urinary tract ectasia by its pharmacologic action on smooth muscle.