[Empathy, social cognition and subjective quality of life in schizophrenia]. / Empatía, cognición social y calidad de vida subjetiva en esquizofrenia.

BACKGROUND: People diagnosed with schizophrenia present empathy deficits that have been related to their poor psychosocial functioning. The objectives were: 1) analyse the relation between empathy, social cognition and quality of life in subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; 2) eva¬luate these variables according to the severity of the features. METHODS: Forty-one patients, divided into two groups according to the level of severity, were included. A battery of tests was applied: Interpersonal Reactivi¬ty Index (IRI), GEOPTE scale of social cognition for psychosis, World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment: Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Clini¬cal Global Impression scale (CGI), Scale for the As¬sessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and Negative Symptoms (SANS). RESULTS: There was a direct relationship between per¬sonal anxiety and fantasy sub-scales of the IRI and the GEOPTE scale, and an inverse relationship with seve¬ral dimensions of quality of life of the WHOQOL-BREF. The GEOPTE scale had an inverse relation with all the dimensions of quality of life evaluated. The mildly sick group obtained scores that were significantly lower in fantasy (15.44 vs. 20.12; p=0.001) and significantly hig¬her in psychological health (58.63 vs. 45.40; p=0.017) and environment (67.00 vs. 53.68; p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: A relationship is found between empathy, social condition and perceived quality of life in people diagnosed with schizophrenia on programs of psycho-social rehabilitation. Similarly, the existence of relevant differences in these variables according to the level of severity of the clinical features is underscored.

[Characteristics of suicides in Navarra by gender (2010-2013)]. / Características de los suicidios consumados en Navarra en función del sexo (2010-2013).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of suicides and the main social and demographic characteristics, time frames and methods involved during the period 2010-2013 in Navarra by gender. METHODS: A study of the Electronic Clinical Records provided by Navarra's Healthcare Service in which suicides in Navarra are detailed. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty individuals committed suicide. The number of suicides remained stable: 41 in 2010, 51 in 2011 and 44 in 2012 and 2013. Seventy-five point four percent were males (n=136) and 24.6 % (n=44) were females. In the 13 to 26 age group, 12 (92.3%) out of 13 suicides were committed by males. In terms of employment status, 49.3% (n=70) were pensioners. The highest rate of suicides was reached in summer (n=71) and spring (n=39). Monday was the day with the highest rate of suicides (n=37) and the time period between 8:00 and 12:00 hours was when the highest number of suicides (n=80) took place. The most usual ways of committing suicide were hanging (n=80), falling from a height (n=41) and pharmacological overdose (n=23). Males used violent methods more frequently. It is necessary to highlight the fact that in some of the sociodemographic characteristics there was up to 60% of cases without enough information. CONCLUSION: The results obtained show some specific features of the phenomenon of suicide in Navarra that should be considered for its prevention. Furthermore, the implementation of effective protocols of data collection is recommended to develop prevention strategies.

Evaluación de los resultados de un programa de Dispensación Responsable de Bebidas Alcohólicas / Evaluation of results of a program of Responsible Alcoholic Beverage Dispensing

Los programas de prevención selectiva en Dispensación Responsable de Bebidas Alcohólicas (DRA) presentan diferentes evidencias de su eficacia en otros países. Sin embargo en España sólo se dispone de datos de la implementación de DRA en Barcelona. Este artículo pretende dos objetivos: valorar la efectividad de una intervención en DRA realizada en Pamplona con camareros, y evaluar los resultados tanto individual como grupalmente para identificar áreas de mejora. La muestra se compone de 40 profesionales de hostelería que participaron en alguno de los 4 cursos de DRA. Se aplicaron cuestionarios para medir pre-post conocimientos, actitudes, autoeficacia percibida y expectativas de la formación. Se presentan análisis descriptivos de todas las variables y resultados globales e individuales de la evolución de cada participante. El programa DRA llevado a cabo ofrece datos globales de mejora significativa en conocimientos, actitudes y expectativas. Los resultados encontrados evidencian la necesidad de considerar el análisis de la evolución individual de los sujetos en cada ítem (AU)

Selective prevention programs in the Responsible Dispensing of Beverages (DRA, Dispensación Responsable de Bebidas Alcohólicas) have provided varying evidence of their effectiveness in other countries. In Spain, however, data is only available for the implementation of DRA in Barcelona. This article has two aims: to assess the effectiveness of an intervention in DRA with waiters in Pamplona, and to evaluate individual and group results in order to identify areas for improvement. The sample consisted of 40 hostelry professionals who participated in one of the 4 courses of DRA. Questionnaires were used to measure pre-/post-knowledge, attitudes, perceived self-efficacy and expectations about the training. We present descriptive analyses of all the variables and individual and overall results of the evolution of each participant. The DRA program provides overall data of significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes and expectations. The results show the need to consider the analysis of the evolution of individual subjects in each item (AU)

[Evaluation of results of a program of Responsible Alcoholic Beverage Dispensing]. / Evaluación de los resultados de un programa de Dispensación Responsable de Bebidas Alcohólicas.

Selective prevention programs in the Responsible Dispensing of Beverages (DRA - Dispensación Responsable de Bebidas Alcohólicas) have provided varying evidence of their effectiveness in other countries. In Spain, however, data is only available for the implementation of DRA in Barcelona. This article has two aims: to assess the effectiveness of an intervention in DRA with waiters in Pamplona, and to evaluate individual and group results in order to identify areas for improvement. The sample consisted of 40 hostelry professionals who participated in one of the 4 courses of DRA. Questionnaires were used to measure pre-/post-knowledge, attitudes, perceived self-efficacy and expectations about the training. We present descriptive analyses of all the variables and individual and overall results of the evolution of each participant. The DRA program provides overall data of significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes and expectations. The results show the need to consider the analysis of the evolution of individual subjects in each item.

[Diagnostic concordance between paediatric and mental health]. / Concordancia en el diagnóstico entre pediatría y salud mental.

BACKGROUND: To analyse the diagnostic concordance between the paediatric and mental health (MH) services. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and seven patients from 0 to 16 years referred from paediatrics to the Estella Mental Health Centre during 2006 and 2007. Concordance between global Kappa Index and specific diagnosis was calculated with Epidat 3.1. An analysis was made for each diagnostic category of the percentage of cases where the diagnosis made in paediatrics was confirmed in Mental Health. RESULTS: The global diagnostic concordance between both medical care levels has a Kappa Index of 0.58. There is a wide variability in the concordance between the different diagnoses. The concordance is weak (0.2-0.4) for specific developmental disorder, affective disorders and adaptative disorders. A moderate concordance (0.41-0.6) is obtained for mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorder, z diagnostics, and sibling rivalry disorder. Concordance is good for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, anxiety disorder and conduct disorder. Finally, the diagnostic concordance is very good for enuresis and encopresis and for eating disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic concordance obtained between paediatric services and the mental health centre is moderate. A wide variability is obtained in the concordance between different diagnoses.

Concordancia en el diagnóstico entre pediatría y salud mental / Diagnostic concordance between paediatric and mental health

Objetivo. Analizar el grado de concordancia en el diagnósticoentre los profesionales de los servicios de pediatríay de salud mental.Pacientes y métodos. El trabajo se ha realizado con 207pacientes de 0 a 16 años, derivados desde pediatría alcentro de Salud Mental (CSM) de Estella durante losaños 2006 y 2007. Se calcula el índice de concordanciaKappa global y específico para los diferentes diagnósticosmediante Epidat 3.1.Resultados. El índice Kappa global de concordanciaen el diagnóstico entre ambos niveles asistenciales esde 0,58. Existe una importante variabilidad en la concordanciaobtenida para los diferentes diagnósticos.La concordancia es débil (0,2-0,4) para el trastorno específicodel desarrollo, los trastornos depresivos y losadaptativos. Se obtiene una concordancia moderada(0,41-0,6) para el retraso mental, el trastorno generalizadodel desarrollo, los códigos Z y el trastorno derivalidad entre hermanos (celos). La concordancia esbuena (0,61-0,8) para el trastorno por déficit de atencióne hiperactividad, el trastorno de ansiedad y el trastornodisocial. Por último, la concordancia diagnósticaes muy buena (>0,8) para el trastorno del control de esfínteresy para el trastorno de la conducta alimentaria.Conclusiones. La concordancia en el diagnóstico alcanzadoentre los servicios de pediatría y el centro desalud mental es moderada. Existe una importante variabilidaden la concordancia obtenida para los diferentes diagnósticos(AU)

Background. To analyse the diagnostic concordancebetween the paediatric and mental health (MH) services.Materials and methods. Two hundred and seven patientsfrom 0 to 16 years referred from paediatrics tothe Estella Mental Health Centre during 2006 and 2007.Concordance between global Kappa Index and specificdiagnosis was calculated with Epidat 3.1. An analysiswas made for each diagnostic category of the percentageof cases where the diagnosis made in paediatricswas confirmed in Mental Health.Results. The global diagnostic concordance betweenboth medical care levels has a Kappa Index of 0.58. Thereis a wide variability in the concordance between thedifferent diagnoses. The concordance is weak (0.2-0.4)for specific developmental disorder, affective disordersand adaptative disorders. A moderate concordance(0.41-0.6) is obtained for mental retardation, pervasivedevelopmental disorder, z diagnostics, and siblingrivalry disorder. Concordance is good for attention deficitdisorder with hyperactivity, anxiety disorder andconduct disorder. Finally, the diagnostic concordanceis very good for enuresis and encopresis and for eatingdisorders.Conclusions. The diagnostic concordance obtainedbetween paediatric services and the mental healthcentre is moderate. A wide variability is obtained in theconcordance between different diagnoses(AU)

Razones para el abandono del tratamiento en una comunidad terapéutica / Reasons for treatment dropout in therapeutic community

Objetivo. En este estudio se analizan lasrazones o motivos del abandono del tratamiento enla Comunidad Terapéutica de Proyecto Hombre deNavarra.Material y métodos. Se cuenta con una muestra de 61 pacientes que, tras permanecer en la ComunidadTerapéutica un período mínimo de 3 meses, han abandonado posteriormente la misma.Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos muestranque el motivo de abandono más frecuentementeseñalado se relaciona con los límites impuestospor el propio programa terapéutico (70,5% de los casos), seguido por la consideración de que ya se han alcanzado los objetivos propuestos inicialmente (49,2% de los casos), por el cansancio de los grupos de tratamiento (el 39,3% de los casos) y el consumo o el deseo de consumir drogas (el 34,4%). Por otra parte, se comparan los pacientes que abandonan temporalmente la terapiacon aquellos que la abandonan de forma definitiva.Conclusiones. Los hallazgos del estudio son deutilidad para comprender las razones de abandonodel programa de la Comunidad Terapéutica de ProyectoHombre de Navarra. Se analizan las implicacionesde este estudio para la investigación y para lapráctica clínica

Objective. In this paper, the reasonsfor dropout in the Proyecto Hombre TherapeuticCommunity in Navarre are analysed.Material and methods. The sample was composedby 61 subjects who dropped out after having remainedin this Therapeutic Community at least a minimumperiod of 3 months.Results. Results showed that the most frequent reasonfor dropping out was related to the limits imposedby the therapeutic program (70.5% of the cases), followedby patient’s consideration that the objectiveshad already been achieved (49.2% of the cases), boredomof taking part to the treatment groups (39.3%of the cases) and by the consumption or the desire toconsume drugs (34.4%). The rest of the reasons studiedaffect a smaller number of cases. At the same time, the patients that dropped out temporarily and those that dropped out definitively are compared.Conclusions. The findings of the study are usefulfor the understanding of the reasons for dropoutfrom the Proyecto Hombre Therapeutic Communityprogram. Implications of these results for furtherresearch and clinical practice are commented upon