RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Retinal diseases associated with the dysfunction or death of photoreceptors are a major cause of blindness around the world, improvements in genetics tools, like next generation sequencing (NGS) allows the discovery of genes and genetic changes that lead to many of those retinal diseases. Though, there very few databases that explores a wide spectrum of retinal diseases, phenotypes, genes, and proteins, thus creating the need for a more comprehensive database, that groups all these parameters. METHODS: Multiple open access databases were compiled into a new comprehensive database. A biological network was then crated, and organized using Cytoscape. The network was scrutinized for presence of hubs, measuring the concentration of grouped nodes. Finally, a trace back analysis was performed in areas were the power law reports a high r-squared value near one, that indicates high nodes density. RESULTS: This work leads to creation of a retinal database that includes 324 diseases, 803 genes, 463 phenotypes, and 2461 proteins. Four biological networks (1) a disease and gene network connected by common phenotypes, (2) a disease and phenotype network connected by common genes, (3) a disease and gene network with shared disease or gene as the cause of an edge, and (4) a protein and disease network. The resulting networks will allow users to have easier searching for retinal diseases, phenotypes, genes, and proteins and their interrelationships. CONCLUSIONS: These networks have a broader range of information than previously available ones, helping clinicians in the comprehension of this complex group of diseases.
RESUMO
Nutritional support in critically ill patients that present with acute renal failure has been a matter of change in recent years. This is due to the increasing and earlier use of extrarenal depuration techniques. Modifications in nutritional and metabolic support regimen aimed at preventing renal failure progression, classically recommended, would not have an indication in these situations but in cases not treated with one of these depurative techniques. Thus, protein intake should be appropriate to the clinical situation, and formulations compounded exclusively by essential amino acids are no longer recommended. Glucose administration should not be different from that recommended in other conditions. Lipids infusion should have a maximum limit of 1 g/kg/day. Thus, the use of standard diets is not problematic in patients treated with depurative techniques. However, the relationship between substrates flow through dialysis membranes and its effect on nutrients demands has not been fully established yet. It is likely that an increase in nutrients intake may be necessary to counteract the obliged loss by depurative techniques. The other way around, the role of these techniques as an appropriate way for nutritional support in critically ill patients remains to be studied.
