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1.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 65(8): 441-446, oct. 2018. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-177148

RESUMO

Objetivo: Los bloqueos interfasciales de la pared torácica se están desarrollando como alternativa a los bloqueos centrales en la cirugía de mama. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios que hayan evaluado la extensión anatómica del anestésico local. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar, mediante fluoroscopia, la difusión de dos volúmenes (10 vs. 20ml) de contraste radiopaco (iopamidol) en el bloqueo del plano serrato-intercostal (BRILMA) en un modelo experimental porcino. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron 10 cerdos de la raza Large-White a los que se realizó un bloqueo BRILMA ecoguiado bilateral, administrando 10 y 20ml de iopamidol en hemitórax izquierdo y derecho, respectivamente. La difusión del contraste se analizó por fluoroscopia. Se utilizó el test de correlación de Spearman para evaluar la relación entre el volumen administrado y la difusión radiológica. Se consideró significativo un valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Se realizaron 20 bloqueos, pudiéndose analizar 18. La administración de 10ml de contraste se asoció con una difusión media de 2,28±0,31 espacios (IC 95%: 2,01-2,54), mientras que la administración de 20ml mostró una difusión de 3±0,25 espacios (IC 95%: 2,81-3,18). Hubo una correlación significativa entre el volumen inyectado y la difusión del contraste (coeficiente de correlación de Spearman de 0,81; p=0,0001). Conclusión: Nuestros resultados demuestran una difusión dependiente del volumen en el bloqueo BRILMA, aunque sin guardar una relación 1:1. Duplicar el volumen ha incrementado en un 31% los segmentos bloqueados. Estos hallazgos, si se corroboran en la práctica clínica, permitirían un ajuste más preciso en el volumen de anestésico administrado


Objective: Interfascial blocks of the thoracic wall are being developed as an alternative to central blocks in breast surgery. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the anatomical extension of the local anaesthetic. The objective of this study was to analyse, using fluoroscopy, the spreading of two volumes (10 vs. 20ml) of radiological contrast in the serratus-intercostal plane block in an experimental pig model. Material: and methods Ten Large-White breed pigs were selected to have a bilateral ultrasound serratus-intercostal plane block performed, with the administering of 10ml and 20ml of iopamidol in the right and left hemithorax, respectively. The spreading of contrast was analysed by fluoroscopy. The Spearman test correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the administered volume and radiological spreading. A value of P<.05 was considered significant. Results: Twenty anaesthetic blocks were performed, being able to analyse 18 of them. The administration of 10ml of contrast was associated with a mean spreading of 2.28±0.31 (95% CI; 2.01-2.54) intercostal spaces, while the administration of 20ml showed a spreading of 3±0.25 (95% CI; 2.81-3.18) intercostal spaces. There was a significant correlation between the injected volume and the spreading of the contrast (Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.81; P=.0001). Conclusion: The results showed a spreading of volume subject to the serratus-intercostal plane block, although not maintaining a 1:1 ratio. Doubling the volume increased the blocked segments by 31%. These findings, if corroborated in the clinical practice, would allow a more precise adjustment in the anaesthetic volume administered


Assuntos
Animais , Meios de Contraste/análise , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Nervos Intercostais , Anestésicos Locais/farmacocinética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Suínos/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Anestesia por Condução/métodos
2.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) ; 65(8): 441-446, 2018 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29887291

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Interfascial blocks of the thoracic wall are being developed as an alternative to central blocks in breast surgery. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the anatomical extension of the local anaesthetic. The objective of this study was to analyse, using fluoroscopy, the spreading of two volumes (10 vs. 20ml) of radiological contrast in the serratus-intercostal plane block in an experimental pig model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten Large-White breed pigs were selected to have a bilateral ultrasound serratus-intercostal plane block performed, with the administering of 10ml and 20ml of iopamidol in the right and left hemithorax, respectively. The spreading of contrast was analysed by fluoroscopy. The Spearman test correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the administered volume and radiological spreading. A value of P<.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Twenty anaesthetic blocks were performed, being able to analyse 18 of them. The administration of 10ml of contrast was associated with a mean spreading of 2.28±0.31 (95% CI; 2.01-2.54) intercostal spaces, while the administration of 20ml showed a spreading of 3±0.25 (95% CI; 2.81-3.18) intercostal spaces. There was a significant correlation between the injected volume and the spreading of the contrast (Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.81; P=.0001). CONCLUSION: The results showed a spreading of volume subject to the serratus-intercostal plane block, although not maintaining a 1:1 ratio. Doubling the volume increased the blocked segments by 31%. These findings, if corroborated in the clinical practice, would allow a more precise adjustment in the anaesthetic volume administered.


Assuntos
Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Nervos Intercostais/diagnóstico por imagem , Iopamidol/administração & dosagem , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Pele/inervação , Animais , Axila , Meios de Contraste/farmacocinética , Nervos Intercostais/metabolismo , Iopamidol/farmacocinética , Modelos Animais , Radiografia , Suínos , Distribuição Tecidual , Ultrassonografia
3.
Cir. mayor ambul ; 20(3): 93-100, jul.-sept. 2015. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-145688

RESUMO

Introducción: Los pacientes fumadores presentan un riesgo aumentado de complicaciones perioperatorias, incluyendo los pacientes intervenidos en cirugía ambulatoria siendo las más relevantes las complicaciones respiratorias y las de infección de la herida quirúrgica. La consulta de anestesia representa una oportunidad excelente para promover el cese del tabaquismo. Encuestas realizadas en diferentes países muestran que los anestesiólogos administran consejo sanitario de forma irregular a los pacientes fumadores que precisan una intervención quirúrgica. Sin embargo, ningún estudio ha evaluado directamente, a través del paciente intervenido en cirugía ambulatoria, el consejo administrado en relación al tabaquismo y la cirugía. Material y métodos: Estudio monocéntrico, transversal, realizado en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica a pacientes fumadores vistos en la consulta de anestesia. Se evaluaron aspectos relacionados con la actitud del anestesiólogo ante el paciente fumador mediante cuestiones recomendadas para disminuir los riesgos postoperatorios: si advertía de los riesgos del tabaquismo, si aconsejaba dejar de fumar antes de la cirugía y si enviaba al paciente a una unidad de tabaquismo para favorecer la deshabituación. Al finalizar la recogida de datos, se encuestó a los anestesiólogos para evaluar la autopercepción que los mismos reportaban en relación al consejo sanitario a pacientes fumadores. Resultados: Se analizaron 615 consultas hallándose un total de 123 pacientes fumadores (mediana de paquetes año de 12 [rango intercuartil 3,6-23,12]). En relación con la intervención de los anestesiólogos, el 37 % avisó de los riesgos del tabaco y cirugía, un 23 % aconsejó dejar de fumar, y tan solo el 3 % de los mismos envió a los pacientes a una unidad de tabaquismo. En contraste, el 75 % de los anestesiólogos encuestados consideraba que frecuentemente o siempre aconsejaba dejar de fumar antes de la cirugía. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que existe una gran diferencia entre las evidencias que muestran la relevancia del abandono del tabaquismo antes de la cirugía y la falta de implementación de las mismas en la práctica habitual durante la consulta de anestesia (AU)


Background: Smokers undergoing surgery, including those experiencing ambulatory surgery are at a higher risk of complications than non-smokers. Preoperative evaluation by an anesthesiologist could provide an excellent opportunity to promote smoking cessation. Previous surveys of anesthesiologists have found that self-reported tobacco counselling rates have room for improvement, however there is no information from the patient’s perspective regarding the smoking cessation interventions in the preoperative ambulatory clinic. Methods: A single-center study was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital. A telephone survey was realized to all adult cigarette smokers who visited the preoperative ambulatory clinic. The survey recorded the anesthesiologist-delivered interventions to quit smoking before surgery. At the end of the study period, a questionnaire was performed to evaluate the self-reported tobacco counseling of the anesthesiologist Results: Six hundred and fifteen patients were evaluated, of these 123 were current smokers (median packs-years [interquartile range] 12 [3,6-23,12] With regard to preoperative interventions, only 37 % advised patients about the health risks of smoking and 23 % advised them to quit before surgery. Provision of assistance to help the patient to quit was provided in 3 % of cases. In contrast, the self-reported tobacco counseling revealed that 75 % of anesthesiologists stated having advised the patients about the health risks of smoking. Conclusions: This study shows a significant gap between evidence for the advantages of preoperative smoking interventions and implementation in clinical practice. Future studies are badly needed to evaluate the provision of educational materials and other interventions to improve tobacco-counseling rates among anesthesiologists (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Tabagismo/prevenção & controle , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios , Anestesia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos
4.
Rev Clin Esp ; 209(5): 241-4, 2009 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19480781

RESUMO

Statin therapy reduces the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) disease by 30-40%. However, some risk of unprevented CV complications still persists. Thus, new drugs that when associated to the statins favorably modify the lipid profile and further reduce CV risk are needed. In this clinical commentary, we review the role of other lipids (HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) in CV risk and those potentially useful agents that could be added to statins. Fibrates are especially effective to decrease triglycerides, whilst niacin has a global effect, decreasing LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and is the most effective drug to increase HDL cholesterol. The association of statins plus niacin may be the immediate future to tackle the comprehensive treatment of dyslipidemia and potentially further reduce the risk of CV disease.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dislipidemias/complicações , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Humanos , Fatores de Risco
5.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 209(5): 241-244, mayo 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-73047

RESUMO

Las estatinas reducen la incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (CV) un 30-40%, pero persiste un riesgo de complicaciones CV que no previenen. Se precisan, pues, nuevos fármacos, que asociados a las estatinas modifiquen favorablemente los lípidos y reduzcan aún más la incidencia de complicaciones CV. En este comentario clínico revisamos la importancia de otros lípidos (colesterol ligado a lipoproteínas de alta densidad [c-HDL] y triglicéridos) en el riesgo CV y los fármacos potencialmente útiles para asociar a las estatinas. Los fibratos son especialmente efectivos para reducir los triglicéridos, mientras que la niacina tiene un efecto global, reduciendo el colesterol ligado a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (c-LDL) y los triglicéridos y es el fármaco más eficaz para elevar el c-HDL. La asociación de estatinas y niacina puede ser el futuro inmediato para abordar el tratamiento de la dislipidemia de forma integral y, potencialmente, reducir aún más el riesgo de enfermedad CV (AU)


Statin therapy reduces the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) disease by 30-40%. However, some risk of unprevented CV complications still persists. Thus, new drugs that when associated to the statins favorably modify the lipid profile and further reduce CV risk are needed. In this clinical commentary, we review the role of other lipids (HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) in CV risk and those potentially useful agents that could be added to statins. Fibrates are especially effective to decrease triglycerides, whilst niacin has a global effect, decreasing LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and is the most effective drug to increase HDL cholesterol. The association of statins plus niacin may be the immediate future to tackle the comprehensive treatment of dyslipidemia and potentially further reduce the risk of CV disease (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dislipidemias/complicações , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/análise , HDL-Colesterol/análise
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