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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 40(2): 347-353, mar.-abr. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219332

RESUMO

Introducción: comúnmente, los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presentan hiperselectividad, que podría llevarlos a desnutrición; sin embargo, suelen observarse con desarrollo eutrófico y tendencia al sobrepeso o la obesidad, probablemente por la preferencia de determinados alimentos. Objetivos: evaluar el estado de nutrición basándose en mediciones antropométricas, y determinar la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos de los niños mexicanos con TEA. Métodos: estudio transversal que incluyó a 31 niños de ambos sexos, de 5 a 10 años de edad, con TEA, reclutados por conveniencia en el Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo, México. Las variables consideradas fueron: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, masa muscular, masa grasa y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Resultados: el estado de nutrición eutrófico tuvo una prevalencia del 70,9 %, el sobrepeso del 12,9 % y la obesidad del 12,9 %. De acuerdo al sexo, las mujeres presentaron significativamente menor IMC y masa grasa pero mayor masa muscular que los varones. Al comparar por diagnóstico, no existieron diferencias estadísticas. Los alimentos más consumidos fueron: jitomate, zanahoria, plátano, manzana, tortilla, pan de harina de trigo, arroz, frijol, pollo, huevo, leche entera, aceite vegetal, gelatina y bebidas endulzadas. En su mayoría consumían agua natural todos los días. Conclusiones: los niños con TEA presentan un estado nutricional eutrófico; sin embargo, existe una importante tendencia al sobrepeso y la obesidad, probablemente relacionada con un elevado consumo de bebidas endulzadas y gelatina, así como una escasa ingesta de verdura. Lo anterior indica la necesidad de vigilancia nutricional, para prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedades crónico degenerativas. (AU)


Introduction: children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly present food hyperselectivity, which could lead to malnutrition. Furthermore, they are usually observed with eutrophic development, and a tendency to overweight or obesity, which might occur because of food preferences. Objectives: to evaluate nutritional status based on anthropometric measurements, and to determine the food intake frequency of Mexican children with ASD. Methods: a cross-sectional study that included 31 children of both sexes, from 5 to 10 years of age, with ASD, recruited for convenience at the Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo, Mexico. The variables considered were: weight, height, body mass index, muscle mass, fat mass, and frequency of food consumption. Results: the eutrophic nutritional status had a prevalence of 70.9 %, overweight of 12.9 % and obesity of 12.9 %. According to sex, women had significantly lower BMI and fat mass, but higher muscle mass than men. When comparing by diagnosis, there were no statistical differences. The most commonly consumed foods were tomato, carrot, banana, apple, corn tortilla, wheat flour bread, rice, beans, chicken, egg, whole milk, vegetable oil, gelatin and sweetened beverages. They mostly consumed plain water every day. Conclusions: children with ASD have a eutrophic nutritional status in addition to a significant tendency to overweight and obesity, probably related to a high consumption of sweetened beverages and jelly, as well as a low intake of vegetables. This indicates the need for nutritional surveillance to prevent the development of chronic degenerative diseases. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Estado Nutricional , 24457 , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Estudos Transversais , México , Sobrepeso/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 40(2): 347-353, 2023 Apr 20.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36719005

RESUMO

Introduction: Introduction: children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly present food hyperselectivity, which could lead to malnutrition. Furthermore, they are usually observed with eutrophic development, and a tendency to overweight or obesity, which might occur because of food preferences. Objectives: to evaluate nutritional status based on anthropometric measurements, and to determine the food intake frequency of Mexican children with ASD. Methods: a cross-sectional study that included 31 children of both sexes, from 5 to 10 years of age, with ASD, recruited for convenience at the Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo, Mexico. The variables considered were: weight, height, body mass index, muscle mass, fat mass, and frequency of food consumption. Results: the eutrophic nutritional status had a prevalence of 70.9 %, overweight of 12.9 % and obesity of 12.9 %. According to sex, women had significantly lower BMI and fat mass, but higher muscle mass than men. When comparing by diagnosis, there were no statistical differences. The most commonly consumed foods were tomato, carrot, banana, apple, corn tortilla, wheat flour bread, rice, beans, chicken, egg, whole milk, vegetable oil, gelatin and sweetened beverages. They mostly consumed plain water every day. Conclusions: children with ASD have a eutrophic nutritional status in addition to a significant tendency to overweight and obesity, probably related to a high consumption of sweetened beverages and jelly, as well as a low intake of vegetables. This indicates the need for nutritional surveillance to prevent the development of chronic degenerative diseases.


Introducción: Introducción: comúnmente, los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presentan hiperselectividad, que podría llevarlos a desnutrición; sin embargo, suelen observarse con desarrollo eutrófico y tendencia al sobrepeso o la obesidad, probablemente por la preferencia de determinados alimentos. Objetivos: evaluar el estado de nutrición basándose en mediciones antropométricas, y determinar la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos de los niños mexicanos con TEA. Métodos: estudio transversal que incluyó a 31 niños de ambos sexos, de 5 a 10 años de edad, con TEA, reclutados por conveniencia en el Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo, México. Las variables consideradas fueron: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, masa muscular, masa grasa y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Resultados: el estado de nutrición eutrófico tuvo una prevalencia del 70,9 %, el sobrepeso del 12,9 % y la obesidad del 12,9 %. De acuerdo al sexo, las mujeres presentaron significativamente menor IMC y masa grasa pero mayor masa muscular que los varones. Al comparar por diagnóstico, no existieron diferencias estadísticas. Los alimentos más consumidos fueron: jitomate, zanahoria, plátano, manzana, tortilla, pan de harina de trigo, arroz, frijol, pollo, huevo, leche entera, aceite vegetal, gelatina y bebidas endulzadas. En su mayoría consumían agua natural todos los días. Conclusiones: los niños con TEA presentan un estado nutricional eutrófico; sin embargo, existe una importante tendencia al sobrepeso y la obesidad, probablemente relacionada con un elevado consumo de bebidas endulzadas y gelatina, así como una escasa ingesta de verdura. Lo anterior indica la necesidad de vigilancia nutricional, para prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedades crónico degenerativas.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Estado Nutricional , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/complicações , Dieta , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Farinha , Triticum , Índice de Massa Corporal , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos
3.
P R Health Sci J ; 39(2): 203-209, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32663919

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of dental health services to receive professionally applied topical fluoride (DHSU-PATF) in the 12 months prior to the study among Mexican schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 1,404 schoolchildren selected randomly from 15 public schools in the city of Pachuca, Mexico. Questionnaires were distributed to determine the demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables. The dependent variable was the DHSU-PATF in the year before the study, which was dichotomized as 0 (no DHSU-PATF) or 1 (yes, DHSU-PATF). We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. The analysis was performed in Stata 11.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of DHSU-PATF was 5.1%, but lower among younger children (OR = 0.86) and greater among children with health insurance (private insurance, OR = 3.64; insurance provided by the government owned oil company, the Army, or the Navy, OR = 5.03). The level of knowledge about oral health among guardians/ parents was also a factor (medium, OR = 2.37; high, OR = 4.05). Additionally, among the children whose parents/guardians perceived them (the children) as having good or very good oral health, the OR was 3.33; among children whose parents brushed their teeth with greater relative frequency, the OR was 8.74. Finally, DHSU-PATF was greater among children with relatively higher socioeconomic status (2nd quartile, OR = 3.29; 3rd quartile, OR = 5.99; 4th quartile, OR = 4.64). CONCLUSION: The receipt of PATF was low in this sample of Mexican schoolchildren and is associated with socioeconomic and behavioral factors. This gives us a guideline to create or improve topical fluoride application strategies in the public and private Mexican health systems.


Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Fluoretos Tópicos/administração & dosagem , Saúde Bucal , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pais , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 5(7): 726-739, jul. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192330

RESUMO

La pandemia por COVID-19 representa un problema para la salud pública, más aún, al tener un alto grado de mortalidad en las personas adultas mayores. Para garantizar el cuidado de este grupo poblacional, se hace un análisis de las necesidades y medidas preventivas diseñadas para la prevención y control de la enfermedad causada por el virus SARS-Cov2. OBJETIVO: Analizar la situación de las personas adultas mayores ante la problemática del nuevo coronavirus y compilar las principales medidas de prevención general y especifica para la protección de este grupo vulnerable. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos indexados, en PubMed, LATINDEX, Redalyc, Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet y Google Scholar y en fuentes oficiales nacionales e internacionales. Se utilizó para la búsqueda las siguientes palabras clave: COVID-19, SARS-Cov2, adulto mayor, medidas preventivas coronavirus, pandemia. RESULTADOS: De 9 artículos consultados y de las fuentes oficiales mencionadas, se analizó los principales ejes en relación a la situación económica y laboral, la salud, así como los factores de riesgo generales para la población y específicos para las personas adultas mayores. Los principales factores de riesgo hallados son la edad avanzada, las comorbilidades presentes en este grupo poblacional, los padecimientos demenciales, además de factores sociales como la discriminación por edad y los estereotipos en relación a la dependencia y fragilidad de las personas mayores. La prevención del COVID-19 en adultos mayores debe incluir además de la contención y cuidados específicos, la atención psicosocial. CONCLUSIONES: Los adultos mayores conforman el grupo de mayor impacto negativo por el SARS-Cov2, COVID-19, su vulnerabilidad ante esta pandemia proviene no solo de su edad, sino por la situación económica, laboral y enfermedades asociadas a su edad, su soledad le confiere mayor riesgo ya que tiene que salir a buscar sus víveres, de no apoyarles el impacto en su salud será indudablemente negativo


The COVID-19 pandemic represents a public health problem, even more so, since it has a high degree of mortality in older adults. To guarantee the care of this population group, an analysis was made of the needs and preventive measures designed for the prevention and control of the disease caused by the SARS-Cov2 virus. AIM: Analyze the situation of older adults facing the problem of the new coronavirus and compile the main general and specific prevention measures for the protection of this vulnerable group. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review of indexed articles was carried out in PubMed, LATINDEX, Redalyc, Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet and Google Scholar and in official national and international sources. The following keywords were used for the search: COVID-19, SARS-Cov2, elderly, preventive measures, coronavirus, pandemic. RESULTS: From 9 articles consulted and from the aforementioned official sources, the main axes were analyzed in relation to the economic and labor situation, health, as well as the general risk factors for the population and specific for the elderly. The main risk factors found are advanced age, comorbidities present in this population group, dementing illnesses, as well as social factors such as age discrimination and stereotypes regarding the dependency and frailty of older people. Prevention of COVID-19 in older adults should include psychosocial care in addition to specific containment and care. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults make up the group with the greatest negative impact due to SARS-Cov2, COVID-19, their vulnerability to this pandemic comes not only from their age, but also due to the economic, work situation and diseases associated with their age, their loneliness gives them greater risk since you have to go out to look for your food, if you do not support them the impact on your health will undoubtedly be negative


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/prevenção & controle , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Saúde do Idoso , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Precauções Universais/métodos , México/epidemiologia
5.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 5(4): 436-447, abr. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194047

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La implementación del Programa de enriquecimiento Instrumental [PEI] podría representar una área de oportunidad para las personas que viven con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y de sus familiares con los que conviven en el ámbito cotidiano. OBJETIVO: Establecer como una propuesta para intervención educativa el Programa de Enriquecimiento Instrumental [PEI] en personas que viven con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y en sus familiares del ámbito cotidiano. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en CrossRef, Google Scholar, PUBMED, EBSCO, SCIELO, de artículos donde se manifieste bajo protocolos de investigación el trabajo con personas que viven con diabetes tipo 2, donde se considerara como parte del mismo a los familiares del ámbito cotidiano, además de considerar intervenciones educativas al respecto. RESULTADOS: El apoyo familiar deficiente resulta en inadecuada adherencia al tratamiento, a que no se acepte la enfermedad en las primeras etapas y, además, la información que tiene la familia sobre el padecimiento influye en el control metabólico de la persona con la enfermedad. Por otra parte, tanto la persona enferma como la familia deben recibir educación en diabetes mediante el PEI ya que la enfermedad afecta a la familia en general. CONCLUSIONES: El apoyo familiar a la persona con diabetes mellitus resulta beneficioso para su control metabólico y como consecuencia este impacta positivamente en la adopción de estilos de vida saludables. La educación de la familia es determinante para el manejo de la enfermedad y se debe poner especial atención en la adopción de estilos de vida saludables y la aplicación del PEI, con ello los resultados en el enfermo y la familia serán inminentemente positivos. El PEI representa para el educador en diabetes una alternativa eficaz y eficiente, si este no está formado en este ámbito los resultados podrían ser negativos


INTRODUCTION: The implementation of the Instrumental Enrichment Program [PEI] could represent an area of ​​opportunity for people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their families with those who live in everyday life. AIM: Establish as a proposal for educational intervention the Instrumental Enrichment Program [IEP] in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their families in everyday life. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review was conducted in CrossRef, Google Scholar, PUBMED, EBSCO, SCIELO, of articles where work with people living with type 2 diabetes is manifested under research protocols, where family members of everyday life will be considered as part of it, besides considering educational interventions in this regard. RESULTS: Poor family support results in inadequate adherence to treatment, to the fact that the disease is not accepted in the early stages and, in addition, the family's information about the condition influences the metabolic control of the person with the disease. On the other hand, both the sick person and the family should receive diabetes education through IEP since the disease affects the family in general. CONCLUSIONS: Family support for the person with diabetes mellitus is beneficial for their metabolic control and as a consequence this positively impacts the adoption of healthy lifestyles. The education of the family is decisive for the management of the disease and special attention should be paid to the adoption of healthy lifestyles and the application of IEP, with this the results in the patient and the family will be imminently positive. The IEP represents an effective and efficient alternative for the diabetes educator, if it is not formed in this area the results could be negative


Assuntos
Humanos , Condicionamento Operante , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Relações Profissional-Família , Hiperglicemia/prevenção & controle , Apoio Social
6.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 5(3): 295-306, mar. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194038

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: De acuerdo a la organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), la alimentación humana se define como un proceso voluntario consistente y educable. OBJETIVO: Determinar hábitos alimenticios y su impacto en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Farmacia del ICSa. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal. Se adaptó la encuesta sobre alimentación saludable de la fundación MAPFRE y el muestreo fue no probabilístico. RESULTADOS: Se aplicaron 102 encuestas, predomino el sexo femenino, con un promedio de edad de 20(±1) años. Cerca del 50%, mencionó traer alimentos de su casa y tener el hábito de desayunar, sin embargo, menos de la mitad de la muestra consume al menos una fruta y/o verdura al día. Un 76% considera que su alimentación si impacta en su rendimiento académico. CONCLUSIONES: Es importante concienciar a los estudiantes sobre la manera correcta de alimentarse y el impacto en su rendimiento académico, así como fomentar estilos de vida saludables y brindarles información necesaria y correcta para seleccionar adecuadamente sus alimentos y bebidas, de lo contrario esa selección de alimentos será no positiva, es decir, negativa


INTRODUCTION: According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), human food is defined as a consistent and educatable voluntary process. OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of eating habits on the academic performance of students of the ICSa Pharmacy degree. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, observational and prospective study was carried out. The MAPFRE Foundation's Healthy Eating survey was adapted and the sampling was non-probabilistic. RESULTS: We applied 102 surveys, predominated the female sex, with an average age of 20 (± 1) years. About 50%, he mentioned bringing food from his home and having the habit of having breakfast, however, less than half of the sample consumes at least one fruit and/or vegetable a day. A 76% believe their food if it impacts their academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to make students aware of the correct way to eat and the impact on their academic performance, as well as to promote healthy lifestyles and provide them with necessary and correct information to properly select their food and drinks, otherwise that food selection will not be positive, that is, negative


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Desempenho Acadêmico/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação Nutricional , Dieta Saudável/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes de Farmácia/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Prevenção de Doenças
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