Avaliação da resposta hematológica dos animais tratados com Typha domingensis Pers e Operculina hamiltonii sobre nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos / Evaluation of the hematological response of animals treated with Typha domingensis Pers and Operculina hamiltonii on gastrointestinal nematodes of goats

Este estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a resposta hematológica dos animais submetidos aos tratamentos com Typha domingensis Pers (taboa) e Operculina hamiltonii (batata-de-purga), in natura, no controle das helmintoses gastrintestinais de caprinos naturalmente infectados. Foram utilizados 30 caprinos da raça moxotó. O rizoma da taboa e a raiz batata-de-purga foram usados para realização da fitoquímica. Os animais foram distribuídos em cinco tratamentos, com o grupo I tratados com moxidectina 0,2 por cento em dose única de 0,5 mg/Kg; grupo II com taboa na dose 10 g/20 Kg peso vivo; grupo III com batata-de-purga na dose de (09 g/20 Kg); grupo IV com taboa (10 g/20 Kg) associada a batata-de-purga (09 g/20 Kg), durante três dias consecutivos e o grupo V foi o grupo controle. As fezes foram coletadas nos dias zero, sete e 25 para realização dos OPGs e para os exames hematológicos foram coletados sangue aos sete, 14 e 28 dias pós-tratamento, sendo avaliados hematócrito, hemoglobina, VGM e CHGM. Os valores do VGM, eritrócitos, hematócrito e hemogoblina ficaram dentro da normalidade para caprinos. Os tratamentos não afetaram os valores de VGM e CHGM. Quanto aos eritrócitos, hematócrito e hemogoblina houve interação entre período de coletas. Com a metodologia utilizada, o fornecimento de T. domingensis e O. hamiltonii não interferiu na resposta hematológica dos animais tratados.

This study evaluated the hematological response of animals submitted to treatments with Typha domingensis Pers and Operculina hamiltonii, in natura, in the control of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in goats naturally infected. Thirty moxotó goats were used. The rhizome and root of T. domingensis and O. hamiltonii, were used in the phytochemistry analysis. The animals were divided into five treatments with the group I treated with moxidectin 0.2 percent in a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg, group II with T. domingensis using 10 g/20 Kg body weight, group III O. hamiltonii with a dosage of 09 g/20 Kg, group IV with T. domingensis (10 g/20 Kg) associated with O. hamiltonii (09 g/20 Kg) during three consecutive days and the group V as the control. Feces were collected on days zero, seven and 25 for the FECs and for the hematological tests blood was collected at seven, 14 and 28 days post-treatment, for the evaluation of hematocrit, hemoglobin, MGV and MGHC. The values of MGV, erythrocytes, hematocrit and hemogoblin were within the normality for goats. The treatments had no effect on MGV and MGHC. Regarding the erythrocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin, there was an interaction among periods of sampling. Using this methodology, the supply of T. domingensis and O. hamiltonii had no affect on the hematology response of treated animals.

Exigência líquida de zinco, cobre e ferro para cordeiros em pastejo no semiárido / Net requirements of zinc, copper and iron to grazing lambs in semiarid

Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar as exigências líquidas de zinco (Zn), cobre (Cu) e ferro (Fe) de cordeiros Santa Inês em pastejo na região semiárida. Os animaiscom peso vivo entre 20 e 30 kg apresentaram conteúdo corporal no peso de corpo vazio (PCV) para esses minerais de 60,26 a 76,37 mg kg-1, 10,78 a 16,72 mg kg-1 e 133,44 a126,98 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Observou-se que com o aumento do PCV, as concentrações de Cu e Zn também aumentavam, enquanto a de Fe diminuía. As exigências líquidas para cordeiros em regime de pastejo variaram de 1,69 a 7,86 mg dia-1 para Cu e 7,20 a 27,4 mg dia-1 para Zn. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, para exigências desses minerais, foram maiores do que as exigências dietéticas recomendadas pelo do NRC (1985),que são de 7 a 11 mg, com máximo de 25 mg e de 20 a 30 mg, com máximo de 750 mg kg-1 de alimento, para Cu e Zn, respectivamente. As exigências líquidas de Fe variaram de 8,46 a 26,66 mg dia-1, e portanto, menores do que as recomendadas pelo NRC (1985) para este mineral que são de 30 a 50 mg kg-1 de alimento.

This work had as an aim determine the net requirements of Zinc (Zn), Copper(Cu) and Iron (Fe) of Santa Inês lambs raised grazing in the semi-arid area. Animals with body weight between 20 e 30 kg showed corporea contents in empty body weight (EBW) in these minerals from 60.26 to 76.37 mg kg-1, 10.78 to 16.72 mg kg-1 and from 33.44 to 126.98 mg kg-1, respectively. It was observed that increasing the PCV increased Cu and Zn concentration but decreased the Fe concentratiêson. The net requirements for lambs underpasture varied from 1.69 to 7.86 mg day-1 for Cu and from 7.20 to 27.4 mg day-1 for Zn. The results obtained in the present experiment suggest that the dietary requirements in Cu and Zn are higher than those recommended by NRC (1985), between 7 and 11 mg, with amaximum value of 25 mg for Cu and between 20 and 30 mg, with a maximum of 750 mg kg-1 of food for Zn, respectively. The net requirements for Fe varied from 8.46 to 26.66 mg day-1 and were lower than that recommended by NRC (1985) for this mineral, from 30 to 50 mg kg-1 of diet.

Exigência líquida de zinco, cobre e ferro para cordeiros em pastejo no semiárido / Net requirements of zinc, copper and iron to grazing lambs in semiarid

Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar as exigências líquidas de zinco (Zn), cobre (Cu) e ferro (Fe) de cordeiros Santa Inês em pastejo na região semiárida. Os animaiscom peso vivo entre 20 e 30 kg apresentaram conteúdo corporal no peso de corpo vazio (PCV) para esses minerais de 60,26 a 76,37 mg kg-1, 10,78 a 16,72 mg kg-1 e 133,44 a126,98 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Observou-se que com o aumento do PCV, as concentrações de Cu e Zn também aumentavam, enquanto a de Fe diminuía. As exigências líquidas para cordeiros em regime de pastejo variaram de 1,69 a 7,86 mg dia-1 para Cu e 7,20 a 27,4 mg dia-1 para Zn. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, para exigências desses minerais, foram maiores do que as exigências dietéticas recomendadas pelo do NRC (1985),que são de 7 a 11 mg, com máximo de 25 mg e de 20 a 30 mg, com máximo de 750 mg kg-1 de alimento, para Cu e Zn, respectivamente. As exigências líquidas de Fe variaram de 8,46 a 26,66 mg dia-1, e portanto, menores do que as recomendadas pelo NRC (1985) para este mineral que são de 30 a 50 mg kg-1 de alimento.(AU)

This work had as an aim determine the net requirements of Zinc (Zn), Copper(Cu) and Iron (Fe) of Santa Inês lambs raised grazing in the semi-arid area. Animals with body weight between 20 e 30 kg showed corporea contents in empty body weight (EBW) in these minerals from 60.26 to 76.37 mg kg-1, 10.78 to 16.72 mg kg-1 and from 33.44 to 126.98 mg kg-1, respectively. It was observed that increasing the PCV increased Cu and Zn concentration but decreased the Fe concentratiêson. The net requirements for lambs underpasture varied from 1.69 to 7.86 mg day-1 for Cu and from 7.20 to 27.4 mg day-1 for Zn. The results obtained in the present experiment suggest that the dietary requirements in Cu and Zn are higher than those recommended by NRC (1985), between 7 and 11 mg, with amaximum value of 25 mg for Cu and between 20 and 30 mg, with a maximum of 750 mg kg-1 of food for Zn, respectively. The net requirements for Fe varied from 8.46 to 26.66 mg day-1 and were lower than that recommended by NRC (1985) for this mineral, from 30 to 50 mg kg-1 of diet.(AU)

Potencial anti-helmíntico da raiz de Solanum paniculatum Linnaeus (1762) em ovelhas do semi-árido paraibano / Anthelmintic potencial of Solanum paniculatum Linnaeus (1762) root for sheep from semi-arid of Paraíba state, Brazil

Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade anti-helmíntica da planta Solanum paniculatum Linnaeus (1762), Jurubeba, bem como sua associação com Operculina hamiltonii (G.DON) D.F. Austin & Staples (1983), Batata de purga, em ovelhas Santa Inês, naturalmente infectadas no semi-árido paraibano. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas distribuídas em quatro grupos de seis animais: Grupo 1, controle positivo, tratado com Albendazole 10%; Grupo 2, tratado com o Farelo da raiz da Jurubeba (FRJ); Grupo 3, tratado com o Farelo da raiz da Jurubeba associado ao Farelo da raiz da Batata de purga (FRJ e FRB); Grupo 4, controle negativo que recebeu como tratamento água destilada. As coletas de fezes foram realizadas no dia zero e sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias pós-tratamentos. A contagem do número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) foi obtida pela técnica de Gordon & Whitlock (1939). A avaliação da eficácia dos tratamentos foi realizada pelo teste de redução na contagem de ovos fecais (RCOF). As coproculturas foram realizadas de acordo com a metodologia descrita por Robert's & O'Sullivan (1950). A RCOF dos tratamentos para os dias sete, 14, 21 e 28, foi respectivamente: 52,3%, 81,32%, 72,79% e 66,73% para o Albendazole; 31,22%, 30,37%, 58,58% e 72,28% para o FRJ; e 35,04%, 57,84%, 76,93% e 87,06% para o FRJ e FRB. O Haemonchus sp. foi o gênero mais prevalente nas coproculturas pós-tratamentos.

The objective was to evaluate the anthelmintic action of Solanum paniculatum Linnaeus (1762), "Jurubeba", and its association with Operculina hamiltonii (G.DON) D.F. Austin & Staples (1983), "Batata de purge", in Santa Inês sheep naturally infected from semi-arid of Paraíba state, Brazil. Were used 24 females divided in four groups of six animals: Group 1, positive control, treated with Albendazol 10%; Group 2, treated with the root bran of Jurubeba (FRJ); Group 3, treated with the root bran of Jurubeba associated with the root bran of Batata de purga (FRJ and FRB); Group 4, negative control that received distilled water as treatment. The collections of feces were realized on day zero and seven, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatments. Egg counts in feces were obtained by the technique of Gordon & Whitlock (1939). The effectiveness evaluation of the treatments was realized by the test of reduction on the counting of fecal eggs (RCOF). The larvae cultures were realized according to the methodology described by Robert's & O'Sullivan (1950). RCOF of the treatments to the days seven, 14, 21 and 28 was respectively: 52,3%, 81,32%, 72,79% and 66,73% to Albendazol; 31,22%, 30,37%, 58,58% and 72,28% to the FRJ; and 35,04%, 57,84%, 76,93% and 87,06% to the FRJ and FRB. Haemonchus sp. was the most prevalent gender on the larvae cultures after treatments.

Peptides and proteins with antimicrobial activity.

The increase of microbial resistance to antibiotics has led to a continuing search for newer and more effective drugs. Antimicrobial peptides are generally found in animals, plants, and microorganisms and are of great interest to medicine, pharmacology, and the food industry. These peptides are capable of inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms. They can attack parasites, while causing little or no harm to the host cells. The defensins are peptides found in granules in the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and are responsible for the defense of the organism. Several animal defensins, like dermaseptin, antileukoprotease, protegrin, and others, have had their activities and efficacy tested and been shown to be effective against bacteria, fungi, and protists; there are also specific defensins from invertebrates, e.g., drosomycin and heliomicin; from plants, e.g., the types A and B; and the bacteriocins, e.g., acrocin, marcescin, etc. The aim of the present work was to compile a comprehensive bibliographic review of the diverse potentially antimicrobial peptides in an effort to systematize the current knowledge on these substances as a contribution for further researches. The currently available bibliography does not give a holistic approach on this subject. The present work intends to show that the mechanism of defense represented by defensins is promising from the perspective of its application in the treatment of infectious diseases in human, animals and plants.