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1.
Animals (Basel) ; 12(8)2022 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35454276

RESUMO

Studies regarding the cat-owner bond are quite rare, and several aspects merit more research, including personality trait differences in cats related to coat color and the cat-owner relationship. The objectives of the study were to describe, from the perspective of their owners, the personality traits of cats based on their coat colors and to evaluate the relationships among the Cat Owner Relationship Scale (CORS), its subscales and the traits of cats. Therefore, the CORS was translated into Spanish, and its psychometric properties were assessed. For the personality traits of cats, participants answered a 7-point Likert scale indicating the extent to which they agreed with the following characteristics in describing their cats: active, aloof, bold, calm, friendly, intolerant, shy, stubborn, tolerant and trainable. 211 cat owners living in Mexico participated. Owners perceived their cats as being bold and friendly. Gray cats had the highest score for being as shy, aloof and intolerant, while orange cats had the highest scores for being trainable, friendly and calm. Tabbies the highest for bold and active, tricolor cats for stubborn, and bicolor cats for tolerant. The 3 CORS subscales had adequate psychometric properties when evaluated separately. Cat-owner interaction was positively correlated with an active and friendly personality and negatively correlated with aloofness. Emotional closeness was positively correlated with an active, bold and friendly personality, and perceived cost was negatively correlated with boldness.

2.
Ansiedad estrés ; 27(2-3): 89-94, Jun-Dic. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-215109

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: La sociedad actual se compone de cinco generaciones con características culturales diferenciales, que llevan al supuesto de diferencia en la tolerancia a la frustración entre ellas. La tolerancia a la frustración es un concepto esencial en el modelo cognitivo-conductual. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue comparar la tolerancia a la frustración entre tres de las generaciones: Baby Boomer, X y Millennials. Material y métodos: Participaron 909 personas,192 pertenecientes la generación Baby Boomers, 310 de la generación X y 407 Millennials. Se utilizó la Escala de Tolerancia a la frustración (ETAF) que se compone de 4 dimensiones: personal, social, laboral y familiar. Resultados: La correlación entre edad y tolerancia a la frustración es débil, aunque significativa, lo que se atribuye al tamaño de muestra (rs = .132; p = .001). Las correlaciones entre edad y tolerancia a la frustración dentro de cada grupo generacional, no fueron significativas. La prueba Kruskal-Wallis indicó diferencia significativa en tolerancia a la frustración entre los tres grupos. Con la prueba U de Mann Whitney se identificó equivalencia entre la Generación X y Millennials. Se encontró equivalencia de las tres generaciones en la dimensión familiar. La generación Baby Boomers presenta diferencias significativas con las otras dos generaciones en el resto de las dimensiones, mientras que Millennials y Generación X solo presentan diferencias en la dimensión laboral. Conclusiones: La generación Baby Boomers muestra la mayor tolerancia a la frustración y la generación Millennials la menor tolerancia a la frustración especialmente en la dimensión laboral.(AU)


Introduction and objectives: Modern society consists of five generations with differential cultural characteristics, which lead to the assumption of differences in frustration tolerance among them. Frustration tolerance is an essential concept in cognitive-behavioral model. The objective of this research was to compare frustration tolerance among three generations: Baby Boomer, X and Millennials. Material and methods: Participated 909 people; 192 belonging to Baby Boomers generation, 310 to X generation and 407 were Millennials. The Frustration Tolerance Scale was used, it has 4 dimensions: personal, social, labor and family. Scores were not normally distributed, thus nonparametric tests were used. Results: The correlation between age and frustration tolerance is weak, although significant, which is attributed to the sample size (rs = .132; p = .001). The correlations between age and frustration tolerance in each generational group were not significant. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference among three generation when frustration tolerance was compared. Using Mann-Whitney U test an equivalence between Generation X and Millennials was identified. Equivalence of the three generations was found in the family dimension. Significant differences between Baby Boomers generation and each other generation were found in labor, social and personal dimensions. Millennials and Generation X only showed differences in the labor dimension. Conclusions: The Baby Boomers generation shows the highest frustration tolerance and Millennials generation the least frustration tolerance, especially in the labor dimension.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , 50280 , Permissividade , Frustração , Inquéritos e Questionários , México
3.
Animals (Basel) ; 11(9)2021 Sep 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34573712

RESUMO

The study of human-animal interactions has increased, focusing on the dog-owner relationship, leaving a lag in research on the cat-owner relationship and practically a total absence of studies that compare the dog-owner relationship with the cat-owner relationship. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to make this comparison based on the perception of people living with both dogs and cats, considering interaction, emotional closeness, and perceived cost of the relationship. A total of 132 residents in Mexico participated. To evaluate the pet-human relationship, the dog and cat versions of the Monash dog owner relationship scale were used, thus obtaining comparable scores for the relationship with dogs and cats. Based on what the owners reported, significant differences were found. Relationships with cats were better than relationships with dogs, a finding that was confirmed when comparing male dogs and cats and when comparing female dogs and cats. It was concluded that relationships with cats are better because the perceived cost of such a relationship is lower. However, emotional closeness is greater with dogs than with cats.

4.
Ansiedad estrés ; 27(1): 1-6, Ene-Jun. 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-215098

RESUMO

Introducción y Objetivos: En México, la indicación de permanecer en confinamiento voluntario debido al COVID-19 inició el 14 de marzo del 2020. A la fecha, son pocos los estudios sobre los factores de riesgo y protectores del impacto por este confinamiento. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar un modelo estructural del impacto percibido en diferentes ámbitos de la vida de la persona por el confinamiento debido al COVID- 19, incluyendo como predictores la tolerancia al estrés y satisfacción con la vida.Pacientes o Materiales y Métodos: El diseño fue longitudinal de grupos pareados, buscando identificar el efecto de las variables independientes en un lapso de dos meses (evaluación 1: tolerancia al estrés y satisfacción con la vida) sobre la dependiente (evaluación 2: impacto). Se incluyeron 158 personas con edad promedio de 31.8 años (DE = 11.1), 65.2% mujeres.Resultados: El modelo estructural confirma el efecto de la tolerancia al estrés y la satisfacción con la vida sobre el impacto percibido por el confinamiento en los ámbitos de bienestar emocional, condición física, salud, felicidad y tranquilidad.Conclusiones: Se concluye que la tolerancia al estrés y la satisfacción con la vida pueden ser protectores del impacto por el confinamiento en aquellos ámbitos en los que la persona puede modificar su comportamiento o sus pensamientos.(AU)


Introduction and Objectives: In Mexico, the indication to shelter in place due to COVID-19 began on March 14, 2020. To date, there are few studies on risk factors and protectors of the impact of this confinement. The aim was to evaluate a structural model of the perceived impact in different areas of the person's life due to confinement by COVID-19, including stress tolerance and life satisfaction as predictors.Patients or Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal paired groups study, seeking to identify the effect of the independent variables with two months between evaluations (evaluation 1: stress tolerance and life satisfaction) on the dependent one (evaluation 2: impact). Were included 158 people with mean age of 31.8 years (SD = 11.1), 65.2% women.Results: The structural model confirms the effect of stress tolerance and life satisfaction on the perceived impact of confinement in the areas of emotional well-being, physical condition, health, happiness and tranquility.Conclusions: It is concluded that stress tolerance and life satisfaction can be protectors of the impact of confinement in those areas in which the person can modify their behavior or thoughts.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Satisfação Pessoal , Isolamento Social , Pandemias , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Fatores de Risco , México , Ansiedade , Estresse Psicológico , Estudos Longitudinais
5.
Interdisciplinaria ; 38(1): 133-148, ene. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149385

RESUMO

Resumen La actitud positiva hacia la estadística promueve el estudio y uso de esta disciplina fundamental para analizar datos; de ahí la relevancia de evaluar el nivel actitudinal y desarrollar estrategias que lo potencien. La Escala de Actitud hacia la Estadística (EAE-25) de Auzmendi es uno de los instrumentos más usados en español para medir esta actitud, pero no se ha validado en México, lo que es importante para su uso en este país y para aportar evidencias de validez. Los objetivos del estudio fueron contrastar el modelo propuesto originariamente, comprobar su consistencia interna, describir su distribución, comparar los promedios entre sexos y verificar su validez concurrente. Este estudio instrumental usó un muestreo no probabilístico. Se analizó una muestra de 383 estudiantes de psicología mexicanos (73.6 % mujeres y 26.4 % hombres) que respondieron a dos escalas de actitud. El modelo de cinco factores (confianza, ansiedad, agrado, utilidad y motivación) mostró buen ajuste a los datos. Sus factores presentaron confiabilidad y validez discriminante. La distribución de las puntuaciones en EAE-25 fue normal. La actitud se polarizó, aproximadamente, en cuatro de cada diez estudiantes hacia la aceptación y en uno de cada diez hacia el rechazo. No hubo diferencias de medias entre sexos. La EAE-25 tuvo correlación alta con actitud hacia la investigación y baja con la calificación en la materia de investigación del semestre anterior. Se concluye que la EAE-25 presenta consistencia interna y validez de constructo.


Abstract The positive attitude towards statistics promotes the study and use of this fundamental discipline to analyze data, hence the relevance of evaluating the attitudinal level and developing strategies that promote a positive attitude. The Auzmendi's Scale of Attitude towards Statistics (EAE-25) is one of the most used instruments in Spanish language to assess this attitude; however, it has not been validated in Mexico, which is important for its use in this country and to provide evidence of validity. The objectives of the study were to test the originally proposed model, to verify its reliability, to describe its distribution, to compare the averages between both sexes, and to verify its concurrent validity. A non-probabilistic sampling was used in this instrumental study. A sample of 383 Mexican psychology students was analyzed (73.6 % women and 26.4 % men). The EAE-25 and a scale assessing attitude towards research were applied. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the Auzmendi's five-factor model. The parameter estimation was performed by unweighted least squares, using polychoric correlation matrix. The internal consistency was estimated by the McDonald's omega coefficient (ω), the convergent validity by the average variance extracted (AVE), and the discriminant validity by the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT). The mean differences between both sexes were tested through the t-test and concurrent validity through Pearson's correlation coefficients. The model of five correlated factors (confidence, anxiety, pleasure, usefulness, and motivation) showed good fit (χ./df =1.79, GFI = .98, AGFI = .97, NFI = .97, CFI =.99, RMSEA = .04, and SRMR = .07). The five factors showed reliability (ω > .80 in confidence, anxiety, pleasure, and usefulness, and ω = .72 in motivation) and discriminant validity (HTMT < .85 in nine out of ten factor pairs, and < .90 in the pair of the anxiety and confidence factors). The values of AVE were higher than .50 in the factors of confidence, anxiety and pleasure, which shows convergent validity in these three factors. A value of AVE very close to .50 in utility (AVE = .49) was compensated by an omega coefficient of .82, which suggests an acceptable convergent validity. However, the value of AVE was lower than .50 in motivation (AVE = .34). The EAE-25 and its factors presented normal distribution, with the exception of the motivation factor. The scores in the scale and its factors were obtained through the quotient between the sum of the items scored in the sense of acceptance attitude and the number of items added. These scores were interpreted in an absolute sense, by dividing the continuum from 1 to 5 into five intervals in correspondence with the five ordered categories of response to the items: [1, 1.8) y [1.8, 2.6) rejection, [2.6, 3.4) neutral, and [3.4, 4.2) y [4.2, 5] acceptance. The average attitude was positive in confidence (. = 3.53) and utility (. = 3.52), and neutral in the EAE-25 total score and its other three factors. The EAE-25 total scores were polarized towards acceptance in approximately four out of ten students and towards the rejected in approximately one out of ten; in the rest, they were neutral. There were no differences of means between both sexes. The EAE-25 total score had a high correlation with the total score in the scale of attitude towards research (. = .52, . < .001) and low with the qualification in the research subject of the previous semester (. = .13, . < .001). It is concluded that EAE-25 presents internal consistency and construct validity. It is suggested to use this scale in applied research in the field of university education and upper secondary education.

6.
Interacciones ; 6(3): 173, set.-dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279199

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción : El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la satisfacción marital, medida por la Escala de Valoración de la Relación y el impacto percibido por el confinamiento debido al COVID-19 en diferentes ámbitos de la vida de las personas en una muestra mexicana. Método : Se evaluó a 101 personas que viven en pareja, con edad promedio de 41.2 años (DE = 10.7), 54.5% mujeres y 45.5% hombres. Resultados : El principal resultado fue la correlación negativa y significativa que indica que, a mayor satisfacción en la relación, menor impacto del confinamiento en los ámbitos de tranquilidad, felicidad, salud, condición física y bienestar emocional. Conclusión : Las personas que evalúan su relación de pareja como satisfactoria perciben menor impacto durante la contingencia por COVID-19 en los diferentes ámbitos de su vida.


ABSTRACT Background : The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction, measured by the Relationship Assessment Scale and the perceived impact of confinement due to COVID-19 in different areas of people's lives, in a Mexican sample. Method : 101 people living as a couple, with an average age of 41.2 years (SD = 10.7), 54.5% women and 45.5% men were evaluated. Results : The main result was a negative and significant correlation that indicates that the greater the satisfaction in the relationship, the less impact of confinement in the areas of tranquility, happiness, health, physical condition and emotional well-being. Conclusion : The people with higher marital satisfaction will perceive less impact during the contingency by COVID-19 in the different areas of the person's life.


ABSTRACT Background : The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction, measured by the Relationship Assessment Scale and the perceived impact of confinement due to COVID-19 in different areas of people's lives, in a Mexican sample. Method : 101 people living as a couple, with an average age of 41.2 years (SD = 10.7), 54.5% women and 45.5% men were evaluated. Results : The main result was a negative and significant correlation that indicates that the greater the satisfaction in the relationship, the less impact of confinement in the areas of tranquility, happiness, health, physical condition and emotional well-being. Conclusion : The people with higher marital satisfaction will perceive less impact during the contingency by COVID-19 in the different areas of the person's life.


RESUMEN Introducción : El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la satisfacción marital, medida por la Escala de Valoración de la Relación y el impacto percibido por el confinamiento debido al COVID-19 en diferentes ámbitos de la vida de las personas en una muestra mexicana. Método : Se evaluó a 101 personas que viven en pareja, con edad promedio de 41.2 años (DE = 10.7), 54.5% mujeres y 45.5% hombres. Resultados : El principal resultado fue la correlación negativa y significativa que indica que, a mayor satis- facción en la relación, menor impacto del confinamiento en los ámbitos de tranquilidad, felicidad, salud, condición física y bienestar emocional. Conclusión : Las personas que evalúan su relación de pareja como satisfactoria perciben menor impacto durante la contingencia por COVID-19 en los diferentes ámbitos de su vida.

7.
Ansiedad estrés ; 25(2): 79-84, jul.-dic. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-190727

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La tolerancia al estrés se define como la capacidad para experimentar y resistir estados psicológicos negativos. Recientemente ha sido estudiada en relación con diversos aspectos psicopatológicos, pero no de forma suficiente con otras variables no clínicas, entre ellas la edad. La presente investigación surge debido al creciente interés en incluir la variable tolerancia al estrés en la investigación clínica y la escasez de estudios en español al respecto. El objetivo es evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de tolerancia al estrés en muestras mexicanas, evaluar su relación con el estrés percibido y comparar sus puntuaciones por grupos de edad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El estudio se compone de 2 muestras de conveniencia, la primera de 225 personas, con edad promedio de 34.1 años (DE = 13.9), el 71.6% mujeres y el 28.4% hombres. La muestra 2 se compone de 384 universitarios, con edad promedio de 19.4 años (DE = 3.1) el 73.2% mujeres y el 26.8% hombres. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron valores adecuados de consistencia interna en ambas muestras. Se confirmó la estructura de 4 factores con uno de segundo orden. Las correlaciones entre la mayoría de las subescalas de tolerancia al estrés fueron significativas en ambas muestras, al igual que las correlaciones (negativas) entre estrés percibido y tolerancia al estrés. Las puntuaciones fueron equivalentes entre los diferentes grupos de edad. CONCLUSIONES: Se concluye que es una escala con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, y que la versión española es adecuada para ser utilizada en población mexicana y posiblemente latina


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Distress tolerance is defined as the ability to experience and resist negative psychological states. Recently it has been studied in relation to different psychopathological aspects, but not enough in relation to other non-clinical variables, including age. This research arises due to the growing interest in including distress tolerance in clinical research and the scarcity of studies in Spanish in this regard. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Distress Tolerance Scale in a Mexican sample; and to assess their relationship with perceived stress and compare their scores by age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consists of 2 convenience samples, the first of 225 people, with an average age of 34.1 years (SD = 13.9), 71.6% women and 28.4% men. Sample 2 is composed of 384 university students, with an average age of 19.4 years (SD = 3.1) 73.2% women and 26.8% men. RESULTS: We found adequate values of reliability in both samples. The 4 factor structure with a second order structure was confirmed. The correlations between most of the distress tolerance subscales were significant in both samples, as well as the negative correlation between perceived stress and distress tolerance. The scores were equivalent among the different age groups. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that this is a scale with adequate psychometric properties and that the Spanish version is suitable to be used in the Mexican population and possibly in the Latin population


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Permissividade , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Psicometria , México
8.
Ansiedad estrés ; 23(1): 1-5, ene.-jun. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-164018

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between subjective happiness, perceived stress and number of stressors, and to identify which of the latter have greater influence on subjective happiness and perceived stress. It was a transversal study carried out with 238 women and 52 men from the general population with an age range from 25 to 44 years, residents of the city of Monterrey or metropolitan area of the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. The Subjective Happiness Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale and a question about stressful situations were used as assessment instruments. Results showed a negative correlation between happiness and perceived stress. Likewise, the group of participants who reported love and partner relations as major stressful situations were the ones who also reported lower levels of happiness and higher levels of perceived stress. We conclude that, in our sample, situations related to love and partner relations had a higher impact on happiness, regardless of marital status and sex


Los propósitos de este estudio fueron conocer la relación entre la felicidad subjetiva, el estrés percibido y el número de estresores, e identificar aquellos sucesos vitales con más influencia sobre la felicidad subjetiva y el estrés percibido. Fue un estudio transversal donde participaron 238 mujeres y 52 hombres de población general de 25 a 44 años de edad, residentes en la ciudad de Monterrey o área metropolitana del estado de Nuevo León, México. Como medidas de evaluación se utilizaron la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva, la Escala de Estrés Percibido y una pregunta sobre situaciones estresantes. Los resultados mostraron una relación negativa entre la felicidad y el estrés percibido de los participantes. Las personas del grupo que reportó las situaciones de amor y pareja como eventos generadores de estrés fueron quienes reportaron menor felicidad y mayor estrés percibido. Puede concluirse que las situaciones relacionadas con el amor y la pareja son las que tuvieron un mayor impacto en la felicidad, independientemente del estado civil y el sexo


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Amor , Felicidade , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Satisfação Pessoal
9.
Ansiedad estrés ; 22(2/3): 62-67, jul.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158592

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la relación entre la ansiedad y el manejo inadecuado de las emociones negativas en personas con síntomas de bruxismo, en una muestra de 192 participantes, separados en grupos sin bruxismo (n = 64) y bruxismo (n = 128), dividido este en los subgrupos bruxismo de sueño (n = 26), bruxismo en vigilia (n = 52) y bruxismo combinado (n = 50). Se utilizó un método descriptivo, no experimental y transversal. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de autoinforme de bruxismo (SBQ), el Inventario de ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y el Inventario de estrategias de afrontamiento (CSI). El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, con estadísticos de bondad de ajuste de valores adecuados. Los resultados muestran una asociación fuerte y positiva entre el afrontamiento inadecuado, los síntomas de ansiedad y el bruxismo autoinformado. Las estrategias autocritica y retirada social tienen efecto directo sobre los síntomas de ansiedad afectivo-cognitivos y somáticos, y estos síntomas predicen los síntomas clínicos de bruxismo


The aim of this paper was to assess the relationship between anxiety and the mismanagement of negative emotions in people with bruxism symptoms. A total of 192 participants were included and divided into non-bruxism (n = 64) and bruxism (n = 128) groups. The bruxism group was subdivided into sleep bruxism (n = 26), awake bruxism (n = 52), and combined bruxism (n = 50). A non-experimental and cross-sectional descriptive method was used. The self-reported bruxism questionnaire (SBQ), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) were used. Statistical analysis was performed using structural equation modelling and the goodness of fit figures presented adequate values. Results showed a strong positive association between inadequate coping, anxiety symptoms and self-reported bruxism. The model showed that self-criticism and social withdrawal strategies have a direct effect on affective-cognitive and somatic anxiety symptoms; these symptoms predicted the clinical symptoms of bruxism


Assuntos
Humanos , Ansiedade/psicologia , Bruxismo/psicologia , Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Emoções Manifestas , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Inteligência Emocional , Estresse Psicológico
10.
Ansiedad estrés ; 22(1): 5-10, ene.-jun. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-155689

RESUMO

La ansiedad a hablar en público es común entre los universitarios y limita el desarrollo de esta competencia. La integración de la terapia cognitivo-conductual y el enfoque centrado en soluciones ha mostrado resultados positivos en su tratamiento. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar si la participación de perros de terapia incrementaba los cambios después de un taller para manejar la ansiedad a hablar en público. El taller integra los enfoques terapéuticos mencionados. Se evaluaron síntomas de ansiedad y confianza a hablar en público. Participaron 7 universitarios. Formamos un grupo equivalente al grupo de comparación, que tomó el taller de 5 sesiones sin el apoyo de perros de terapia. Los resultados indicaron una mejoría significativa en las variables evaluadas (p < 0,05), aunque no se encontró diferencia significativa con el grupo de comparación. Se concluye que incluir perros de terapia no mejora los resultados del tratamiento


Speech anxiety is common among university students, which hinders their ability to speak in public. Cognitive behavioural therapy and solution-focused therapy have shown positive results in speech anxiety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether using therapy dogs enhanced results after a speech anxiety workshop that incorporated the aforementioned therapeutic approaches. Anxiety symptoms and public speaking confidence were assessed. Seven university students participated and results were compared against an equivalent comparison group, which attended the 5-session workshop without the support of therapy dogs. The results indicated a significant improvement in the assessed variables (P < .05), although the changes observed did not differ statistically from the comparison group. We conclude that including therapy dogs does not improve treatment results


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/instrumentação , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Confiança/psicologia , Psicoterapia Breve/métodos , Educação/métodos , Psicoterapia Breve/organização & administração , Psicoterapia Breve/normas , Cães , Conhecimento Psicológico de Resultados , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Estudantes/psicologia
11.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 19(1): 113-122, Jan.-June 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-783507

RESUMO

El ritmo diurno del cortisol se ha visto alterado en los pacientes con cáncer. Factores como el avance de la enfermedad y los niveles de estrés se han considerado para explicar esta condición; sin embargo, los resultados no son claros. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y determinar si existen diferencias en los niveles de cortisol en mujeres con cáncer de mama en diferentes estadios, y analizar la relación entre los niveles de cortisol y el estrés, el optimismo y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Se recolectaron muestras de cortisol salival durante dos días, y se aplicaron cuestionarios psicológicos de estrés percibido (PSS), optimismo disposicional (LOT-R) y estrategias de afrontamiento (MAC) a 17 mujeres con cáncer de mama en estadio I, II y III. Los resultados muestran que las pacientes con cáncer de mama en los tres estadios presentan un ritmo diurno de cortisol normal y no difieren significativamente en los niveles de cortisol. Respecto a las variables psicológicas, solo difieren en la variable de optimismo. Las estrategias de afrontamiento espíritu de lucha y evitación cognitiva son las variables que tienen más influencia en los niveles de cortisol, y explican un 55% de la varianza. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados.


Diurnal cortisol rhythm has been altered in patients with cancer. Factors such as disease progression and stress levels are regarded as possible causes to explain this condition, however results are not clear. The aim of this study was to assess and determine whether there are differences in cortisol levels in women with breast cancer in different stages and analyze the relationship between cortisol levels and stress, optimism and coping strategies. Salivary cortisol samples were collected for two days and psychological questionnaires of perceived stress (PSS), dispositional optimism (LOT-R) and coping strategies (MAC) were administered to 17 breast cancer women in stage I, II and III of the disease. The results show that patients with breast cancer in the three stages have a normal diurnal cortisol rhythm and do not differ significantly in cortisol levels. Regarding the psychological variables, they differ only in optimism. Coping strategies such as fighting spirit and cognitive avoidance are the variables that have more influence on cortisol levels, explaining 55% of variance. The implications of these results are discussed.


O ritmo diurno do cortisol vem sendo visto alterado nos pacientes com câncer. Fatores como o avanço da doença e os níveis de estresse estão sendo considerados para explicar essa condição; contudo, os resultados não são claros. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e determinar se existem diferenças nos níveis de cortisol em mulheres com câncer de mama de diferentes estágios, bem como analisar estratégias de enfrentamento. Foram coletadas amostras de cortisol salival durante dois dias e aplicados questionários psicológicos de estresse percebido, otimismo disposicional e estratégias de enfrentamento a 17 mulheres com câncer de mama em estágio I, II e III. Os resultados mostram que as pacientes com esse câncer nos três estágios apresentam um ritmo diurno de cortisol normal e não se diferenciam significativamente na variável de otimismo. A respeito das variáveis psicológicas, só diferem na variável de otimismo. As estratégias de enfrentamento -espírito de luta e evitação cognitiva- são as variáveis que têm mais influência nos níveis de cortisol e explicam 55% da variação. Discutem-se as implicações desses resultados.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Estresse Psicológico , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida
12.
Univ. psychol ; 14(1): 125-136, ene.-mar. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-765710

RESUMO

En este trabajo, se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española (Sanz, Navarro, & Vázquez, 2003) del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck ([BDI-II]; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) en muestras mexicanas no clínicas: 474 estudiantes universitarios y 478 personas de población general. La consistencia interna resultó satisfactoria en ambas muestras siendo alfa de Cronbach 0.901 para la muestra total. Los resultados coinciden con los reportados en estudios previos españoles (Sanz, Navarro & Vázquez, 2003; Sanz, Perdigón & Vazquez, 2003) acerca de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, así como otros estudios internacionales revisados. El análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra buenos índices de ajuste al modelo bifactorial de la escala. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones en función del sexo, pero no se observan efectos significativos de la edad. Se concluye que la versión española del BDI-II puede ser un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar la sintomatología depresiva en la población general adulta mexicana y en estudiantes universitarios.


The purpose of this study was to test the Spanish version (Sanz, Navarro, & Vazquez, 2003) of the Beck Depression Inventory-II ([BDI-II]; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) in the Mexican general population and undergraduate university students on non clinical samples. The reliability and construct validity obtained in a sample of 474 university students and 478 people from the general population, confirmed good psychometric properties: Cronbach alpha of 0.901 and Confirmatory factor analysis, showed good adjustment indices to two-factor model scale. These results agree with those reported in previous studies both international and Spanish studies on the psychometric properties of the instrument (Sanz, Navarro, & Vázquez, 2003; Sanz, Perdigón & Vázquez, 2003). Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the Mexican population data, the two-factor model reported in the Spanish population. Finally, the distributions of scores were similar to those found in Spanish studies. There were significant differences in scores by gender, but there are no significant effects of age. It is concluded that the Spanish version of the BDI-II may be a valid and reliable instrument to assess depressive symptoms in college students and the general population of Mexican adults.


Assuntos
Psicometria , Depressão , Universidades
13.
Summa psicol. UST ; 12(1): 103-109, 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-783380

RESUMO

El embarazo es el período de desarrollo y crecimiento óptimo del feto; paralelamente, para la madre, es un tiempo de compleja adaptación, en el cual además de experimentar cambios físicos, hay una mayor conciencia de su hijo, lo cual la aproxima afectivamente a este. El lazo que se establece entre la madre y el feto ayuda a mitigar los problemas físicos y emocionales de esta etapa, preparando la futura relación de apego entre madre e hijo. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la traducción al español de la Escala de Vinculación Prenatal Materna. Se utilizó el proceso de traducción inversa, a fin de lograr una equivalencia conceptual de la escala. El estudio incluyó a 169 mujeres embarazadas; a las cuales se aplicó la traducción de la escala de vinculación prenatal materna. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró dos factores con el 36.8 por ciento de la varianza explicada, eliminando 5 ítems. La escala total obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de .694, la subescala de Calidad un alfa .771 y la de Preocupación de .550...


Pregnancy is the period for fetal development and growth. In parallel, for the mother is also a complex adaptation time, which in addition to experience physical changes, there is a greater awareness about their child that creates an affectively approach to his or her. The bond between mother and fetus helps to mitigate physical and emotional problems in this stage, preparing them for the future relationship between mother and child attachment. The objective in this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish translation of the MAAS. Reverse translation process was used in order to achieve a conceptual equivalence of the scale. The study included 169 pregnant women attending prenatal care. Exploratory factor analysis indicated two factors with 36.8 percent of the explained variance, along with 5 items that were removed. The total scale showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.694, Quality subscale obtained an alpha of .771 and .550 Preocupation subscale...


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Apego ao Objeto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Relações Materno-Fetais/psicologia , Traduções , Psicometria
14.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 5(1): 1881-1891, abr. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-761463

RESUMO

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación del estrés, la depresión y las estrategias de afrontamiento con el Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) en una muestra de pacientes con cáncer de mama. Se realizó con una muestra no probabilística de 52 mujeres con cáncer de mama. Se encontró una relación entre TEPT y estrés (r= .344, p= .014), TEPT y depresión (rs=.346, p= .013). El TEPT correlacionó con evitación cognitiva (r= .437, p= .001), TEPT y desesperanza (rs= .437, p= .001) y TEPT con preocupación ansiosa (rs= .581, p= .001). Las variables predictoras del TEPT fueron: estrés, depresión, evitación cognitiva y desesperanza, explicando el 43.9% de la varianza.


The aim of the study was analyze the relationship of stress, depression and coping strategies with PTSD in a sample of patients with breast cancer. With a nonrandom sample of 52 women with breast cancer. The results indicate a relationship between PTSD and stress (r = .344, p = .014), PTSD and depression (rs = .346, p = .013), PTSD and cognitive avoidance (r = .437, p = .001), PTSD and hopelessness (rs = .437, p = .001) and the anxious concern with PTSD (rs =. 581, p = .001). The predictors of PTSD were stress, depression, cognitive avoidance and hopelessness, explaining 43.9% of the variance.

15.
Univ. psychol ; 13(4): 1305-1320, oct.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-751234

RESUMO

El NEO PI-R es una escala base para examinar la personalidad y el Brief COPE es un instrumento, poco difundido en Brasil, para examinar el afron-tamiento. Por ello, el presente estudio transversal con muestra brasileña tiene como objetivos evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Brief COPE, examinar su relación con el NEO PI-R, así como también evaluar las diferencias de género en el NEO PI-R y el Brief Cope. Participaron 899 adultos. El análisis factorial no confirmó la estructura original del Brief COPE. El análisis factorial exploratorio evidenció una solución de ocho factores, que fue corroborada por el análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se encontraron correlaciones entre las cinco dimensiones de la personalidad y los factores del afrontamiento, así como también diferencias significativas de género.


The NEO PI-R is a major scale to examine the personality, and the Brief COPE is a little known instrument in Brazil to examine the coping. As this cross-sectional study with Brazilian sample aims to: evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief COPE; examine its relationship with the NEO PI-R, and evaluate gender differences in the NEO PI-R and Brief Cope. The participants were 899 adults. The factor analysis did not confirm the original structure of the Brief COPE. The exploratory factorial analysis showed an eight factor solution, which was confirmed by the confirmatory factorial analysis. Correlation was found between the five dimensions of personality and coping factors, as well significant differences between genders.


Assuntos
Personalidade , Psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica
16.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 11(2/3): 357-367, dic. 2014. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131115

RESUMO

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la traducción al español de la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva, y su relación con el estrés, la salud percibida y el apoyo social. Se utilizó el proceso de traducción inversa a fin de lograr una equivalencia conceptual de la escala. El estudio incluyó a una muestra no probabilística de 90 mujeres con cáncer de mama. Los resultados principales indican una estructura factorial de un factor explicando el 59,4% de la varianza. Se encontró relación entre felicidad y percepción de salud (r=0,370, p=0,001), felicidad y estrés (r=-0,462, p=0,001) y felicidad y apoyo social (r=0,382, p=0,001). Se discuten los resultados encontrados y las limitaciones


The purpose of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish translation of the Subjective Happiness Scale and its relation to stress, perceived health, and social support. Back translation procedure was used in order to achieve a conceptual equivalence of the scale. The study included a nonrandom sample of 90 women with breast cancer. The main results indicate a factorial structure of a factor explaining 59.4% of the variance. Was found a relation between happiness and perceived health (r=0.370, p=0.001), happiness and stress (r=-0.462, p=0.001) and finally happiness and social support (r=0.382, p=0.001). The findings and limitations are discussed


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Felicidade , Psicometria/instrumentação , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Depressão/psicologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Apoio Social
17.
rev. psicogente ; 17(32): 352-364, jul.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-963467

RESUMO

Los ritmos circadianos mantienen la homeostasis del organismo a través de ciclos hormonales, metabólicos y celulares que regulan la proliferación celular. A su vez, estos son mediados por condiciones psicológicas que pueden alterar su funcionamiento y dejar al organismo susceptible a enfermedades como el cáncer. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la relación de los ritmos circadianos con el cáncer; enfatizando en aquellos ritmos que guardan relación con comportamientos como el ritmo sueño-vigilia y el ritmo circadiano del cortisol. Se busca identificar con esta revisión, posibles repercusiones en la incidencia y pronóstico del cáncer. Así mismo se comentarán los mecanismos psicobiológicos que mantienen la relación entre estos ritmos circa-dianos y cáncer.


Circadian rhythms maintain homeostasis of the body through hormonal, metabolic and cell cycle regulating cell proliferation. In turn, these are mediated by psychological conditions that may affect its operation and leave the body susceptible to diseases like cancer. The aim of this article is to review the relationship of circadian rhythms to cancer; with emphasis on those rhythms that are related to behaviors such as sleep-wake rhythm and the circadian rhythm of cortisol. This review will seek to identify, potential impact on the incidence and prognosis of cancer. Also psychobiological mechanisms that maintain the relationship between the circadian rhythms and cancer will be discussed.

18.
Summa psicol. UST ; 11(1): 99-104, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-723031

RESUMO

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación de las variables estrés, pensamientos negativos y apoyo social con la calidad de vida en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico de 50 mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama y un diseño transversal. Los resultados principales encontrados fueron las correlaciones negativas entre: estrés y calidad de vida; pensamientos negativos y apoyo social; pensamientos negativos y calidad de vida. También se encontró relación positiva entre las variables estrés y pensamientos negativos, y entre el apoyo social y la calidad de vida.


The present study aimed to analyze the relationship of the variables stress, negative thoughts and social support to the quality of life in women with breast cancer. We used a non-probability sample of 50 women diagnosed with breast cancer and a cross-sectional design. The main results were found negative correlations between: stress and quality of life, social support and negative thoughts, negative thoughts and quality of life. We also found a positive relationship between the variables stress and negative thoughts and finally, positive relationship between social support and quality of life.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Apoio Social , Qualidade de Vida , Estresse Psicológico , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Pensamento , Estudos Transversais
19.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 4(2): 1464-1480, ago. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-740136

RESUMO

El presente trabajo describe el análisis preliminar de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala reducida de apoyo social percibido, familiar y de amigos, que denominaremos AFA-R. El muestreo es no probabilístico, ya que se aplicó a estudiantes en sus salones de clase de dos instituciones públicas (n= 456). Para el análisis de consistencia interna se utilizó el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach obteniéndose un alfa de .918, se valoró la estructura factorial del AFA-R confirmando una estructura bifactorial que explica el 66.09% de la varianza; y como validez de criterio se evaluó la relación entre apoyo social y estrés, la correlación entre estrés y apoyo social fue negativa y significativa (r s =-.337, p=.001). Los resultados muestran adecuadas propiedades psicométricas del AFA-R.


The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the social support from parents and friends scale (AFA-R). Using a non random sample of students, internal consistency was analyzed and the factor structure of the AFA-R. Internal consistency was adequate (α=.918) and factor analysis corroborated the bi-factor structure, explaining 66.09% of its variance. The correlation between stress and social support was negative and significant (r s =-.337, p=.001) and it is evidence of validity. The results showed adequate psychometric properties of the AFA-R.

20.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 3(3): 1238-1247, dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-706807

RESUMO

En los últimos años el uso y la investigación de las redes sociales se ha incrementado, sin embargo, queda aún por responder que tanto apoyo social percibe la gente de sus contactos en las redes sociales, para continuar en esta línea de investigación se requieren instrumentos de medición adecuados. Es así que se diseñó y analizó una escala para evaluar apoyo social percibido a través de las redes sociales. Se contó con la participación de 245 hombres y 252 mujeres con edad promedio de 28.4 años. La escala se diseñó tomando como base la escala de apoyo social de Sherbourne y Stewart (1991), iniciando con 24 ítems, tras el análisis de confiabilidad y de la estructura factorial se obtuvo un instrumento de 15 ítems con un alfa de Cronbach de .94 y estadísticos de bondad de ajuste aceptables en el análisis factorial confirmatorio.


Recently, the use and research of social networks have increased, however, to know if people perceived enough social support from their contacts in social networks, adequate questionnaires are required to measure perceived social support received from social networks. Thus, we designed and tested a scale to assess social support through social networks. It was answered by 245 men and 252 women with a mean age of 28.4 years. The scale was designed based on The MOS social support survey (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991), starting with 24 items, after analysis of reliability and factor structure an instrument with 15 items was obtained. Its reliability measured by Cronbach's alpha was of .94 and an acceptable goodness of fit in the confirmatory factor analysis.

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