Postoperative analgesic consumption for primary versus first repeat Cesarean delivery: a historical cohort study.

PURPOSE: It is unclear if postoperative pain experience and opioid consumption differ in patients undergoing primary vs repeat Cesarean delivery (CD) as prior studies have yielded conflicting results and none used the same patients as their own controls. We sought to compare opioid consumption and pain scores in patients undergoing both a primary and a first repeat CD, using the same patients as their own controls. METHODS: We conducted a single-centre historical cohort study of patients who underwent both a primary and a first repeat CD under neuraxial anesthesia between 1 January 2016 and 30 November 2022. The same standardized multimodal analgesic regimen was used for all patients. The primary outcome was opioid consumption in oral morphine equivalents (OME) at 48 hr after surgery. Secondary outcomes included area under the curve for pain scores at 24 and 48 hr, and opioid consumption at 24 hr. RESULTS: We included 409 patients. In unadjusted analysis, there were no significant differences between primary and repeat CD in median [interquartile range] opioid consumption at 48 hr (45 [15-89] mg vs 45 [15-83] mg OME) or in any of the secondary outcomes. In the multivariable model adjusting for age, body mass index, anxiety, depression, priority, surgery duration, gestational age, receipt of postoperative ketorolac, and neuraxial type, repeat CD was still not associated with increased opioid consumption compared with primary CD (adjusted rate ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.51). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, we found no differences in postoperative opioid consumption or reported pain scores in patients who underwent both a primary and a first repeat CD.

RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Nous ne savons pas si l'expérience de la douleur postopératoire et la consommation d'opioïdes diffèrent chez la patientèle accouchant par césarienne pour la première fois ou pour la seconde fois. En effet, les études antérieures ont donné des résultats contradictoires et aucune n'a utilisé la même patientèle comme témoins. Nous avons cherché à comparer la consommation d'opioïdes et les scores de douleur chez les personnes parturientes exposées à la fois à un premier puis un deuxième accouchement par césarienne en recrutant les mêmes personnes en tant que leurs propres témoins. MéTHODE: Nous avons mené une étude de cohorte historique monocentrique auprès de personnes parturientes ayant subi à la fois une première et une seconde césarienne sous anesthésie neuraxiale entre le 1er janvier 2016 et le 30 novembre 2022. Le même régime analgésique multimodal standardisé a été utilisé pour toutes les personnes dans l'étude. Le critère d'évaluation principal était la consommation d'opioïdes en équivalents morphine oraux (EMO) 48 heures après la chirurgie. Les critères d'évaluation secondaires comprenaient la surface sous la courbe pour les scores de douleur à 24 et 48 heures, et la consommation d'opioïdes à 24 heures. RéSULTATS: Nous avons inclus 409 personnes. Dans l'analyse non ajustée, il n'y avait pas de différence significative entre le premier et le deuxième accouchement par césarienne en ce qui concerne la consommation médiane d'opioïdes [écart interquartile] à 48 heures (45 [15 à 89] mg vs 45 [15­83] mg EMO) ou dans l'un des critères d'évaluation secondaires. Dans le modèle multivarié ajusté en fonction de l'âge, l'indice de masse corporelle, l'anxiété, la dépression, la priorité, la durée de la chirurgie, l'âge gestationnel, l'administration de kétorolac postopératoire et le type d'anesthésie neuraxiale, une deuxième césarienne n'était toujours pas associée à une consommation accrue d'opioïdes par rapport à une première césarienne (rapport de taux ajusté, 1,20; intervalle de confiance à 95 %, 0,95 à 1,51). CONCLUSION: Dans cette étude rétrospective, nous n'avons trouvé aucune différence dans la consommation d'opioïdes postopératoires ou les scores de douleur rapportés chez la patientèle ayant accouché par césarienne pour la première ou pour la deuxième fois.

Single-Dose Intraoperative Methadone for Pain Management in Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: More than 500,000 elective tonsillectomies are performed in US children annually. Pain after pediatric tonsillectomy is common, often severe, and undertreated. There is no consensus on the optimal management of perioperative tonsillectomy pain. Methadone, with an elimination half-life of 1-2 days, has a longer duration of effect than short-duration opioids such as fentanyl. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the intraoperative use of methadone for pediatric tonsillectomy. It tested the hypothesis that methadone would result in less postoperative opioid use compared with short-duration opioids in children post-tonsillectomy. METHODS: This double-bind, randomized, parallel group trial in children (3-17 years) undergoing tonsillectomy compared single-dose intravenous methadone (0.1 mg/kg then 0.15 mg/kg age-ideal body weight, in a dose escalation paradigm) versus as-needed short-duration opioid (fentanyl) controls. Opioid use, pain, and side effects were assessed in-hospital and 7 days postoperatively via electronic surveys. The primary outcome was total 7-day opioid use in oral morphine equivalents per kilogram (OME/kg). Secondary outcomes were opioid use in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), daily pain scores, and total number of 7-day opioid doses used. RESULTS: Data analysis included 60 children (20/group), age 5.9±3.7 years (mean±SD; median 4, range 3-17). Total 7-day opioid use (OME/kg median [interquartile range]) was 1.5 [1.2,2.1] in controls, 0.9 [0.1,1.4] after methadone 0.1 mg/kg (P=0.045), and 0.5 [0,1.4] after methadone 0.15 mg/kg (P=0.023). PACU opioid use (OME/kg) in controls was 0.15 [0.1,0.3], 0.04 [0,0.1] after methadone 0.1 mg/kg (P=0.061) and 0.0 [0,0.1] after methadone 0.15mg/kg (P=0.021). Postoperative pain scores were not different between groups. No serious opioid-related adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This small initial study in children undergoing tonsillectomy found that single-dose intraoperative methadone at 0.15 mg/kg age ideal body weight was opioid-sparing compared with intermittent fentanyl.

Reduce intraoperative albumin utilisation in cardiac surgical patients: a quality improvement initiative.

BACKGROUND: Albumin continues to be used routinely by cardiac anaesthesiologists perioperatively despite lack of evidence for improved outcomes. The Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) data ranked our institution as one of the highest intraoperative albumin users during cardiac surgery. Therefore, we designed a quality improvement project (QIP) to introduce a bundle of interventions to reduce intraoperative albumin use in cardiac surgical patients. METHODS: Our institutional MPOG data were used to analyse the FLUID-01-C measure that provides the number of adult cardiac surgery cases where albumin was administered intraoperatively by anaesthesiologists from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2022. The QIP involved introduction of the following interventions: (1) education about appropriate albumin use and indications (January 2021), (2) email communications reinforced with OR teaching (March 2021), (3) removal of albumin from the standard pharmacy intraoperative medication trays (April 2021), (4) grand rounds presentation discussing the QIP and highlighting the interventions (May 2021) and (5) quarterly provider feedback (starting July 2021). Multivariable segmented regression models were used to assess the changes from preintervention to postintervention time period in albumin utilisation, and its total monthly cost. RESULTS: Among the 5767 cardiac surgery cases that met inclusion criteria over the 3-year study period, 16% of patients received albumin intraoperatively. The total number of cases that passed the metric (albumin administration was avoided), gradually increased as our interventions went into effect. Intraoperative albumin utilisation (beta=-101.1, 95% CI -145 to -56.7) and total monthly cost of albumin (beta=-7678, 95% CI -10712 to -4640) demonstrated significant decrease after starting the interventions. CONCLUSIONS: At a single academic cardiac surgery programme, implementation of a bundle of simple and low-cost interventions as part of a coordinated QIP were effective in significantly decreasing intraoperative use of albumin, which translated into considerable costs savings.

Identification of novel genes for age-at-onset of Alzheimer's disease by combining quantitative and survival trait analyses.

INTRODUCTION: Our understanding of the genetic predisposition for age-at-onset (AAO) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is limited. Here, we sought to identify genes modifying AAO and examined whether any have sex-specific effects. METHODS: Genome-wide association analysis were performed on imputed genetic data of 9219 AD cases and 10,345 controls from 20 cohorts of the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium. AAO was modeled from cases directly and as a survival outcome. RESULTS: We identified 11 genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 × 10-8 ), including six known AD-risk genes and five novel loci, UMAD1, LUZP2, ARFGEF2, DSCAM, and 4q25, affecting AAO of AD. Additionally, 39 suggestive loci showed strong association. Twelve loci showed sex-specific effects on AAO including CD300LG and MLX/TUBG2 for females and MIR4445 for males. DISCUSSION: Genes that influence AAO of AD are excellent therapeutic targets for delaying onset of AD. Several loci identified include genes with promising functional implications for AD.