RESUMO
Ethanol extracts from dried leaves of wild Lepechinia salvia (Lindl) Epling, collected during the flowering period (September-November), contained 15% to 25% carnosic acid and 2 to 8% carnosol, depending on the month of collection. The highest concentration of carnosic acid in extracts was in October, while carnosol concentration had a peak in September, which suggests that it is not a product of carnosic acid oxidation. A comparison of extracts obtained in September 2008 to 2011 shows that the production of both abietanes increased in years with less winter rainfall and higher temperatures, which induced an early blooming. EC50 values in DPPH radical scavenging and antiproliferative (CCRF-CEM tumor cells) bioassays confirm that the high bioactivity of the extracts of rosemary, sage and L. salviae does not arise only from carnosol and carnosic acid. The cytotoxic activity was significantly higher in extracts of L. salviae, probably due to water stress differences between the cultivars and the wild species. These results correlate well with the close phylogenetic relationship between the three species, and their similar medicinal uses.
Assuntos
Abietanos/química , Etanol/química , Lamiaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Picratos/químicaRESUMO
GC-MS and (1)H NMR spectroscopic profiling of a CDCl 3 extract of the liverwort Riccardia polyclada (syn. R. umbrosa) revealed the presence of four main compounds bearing several chlorine atoms on a bibenzyl skeleton. Separation of a CH 2Cl 2 extract was achieved using preparative TLC, and structures 1- 4 were proposed on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 1- 4 were active in a brine shrimp lethality bioassay ( Artemia salina). In addition, 2 and 4 displayed moderate antifeedant activity in disk-choice bioassays with Spodoptera littoralis larvae and inhibited the growth of Cladosporium herbarum cultures on TLC plates.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Artemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Bibenzilas/isolamento & purificação , Bibenzilas/farmacologia , Hepatófitas/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Bifenilos Policlorados/isolamento & purificação , Bifenilos Policlorados/farmacologia , Spodoptera/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antifúngicos/química , Bibenzilas/química , Chile , Cladosporium/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Molecular , Bifenilos Policlorados/químicaRESUMO
Two new phenolic esters 9-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-alpha-terpineol (1) and 7-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-taedol (2), both endowed with free radical scavenger activity and cleroda-3,13 (E)-dien-15,18-diol (3) for which a cis stereochemistry at the decalin junction was found, were isolated from the resinous exudate from Haplopappus taeda upper parts.
Assuntos
Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Haplopappus , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo , Ésteres/administração & dosagem , Ésteres/química , Ésteres/farmacologia , Ésteres/uso terapêutico , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/administração & dosagem , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Fenóis/administração & dosagem , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
The antioxidant activity of eight coumarins and two flavonols isolated from Haplopappus multifolius was studied with the DPPH radical method. Results show that a high concentration of phenolic coumarins and the presence of quercetin and rhamnetin in the exudates could account for the protection of the plant against oxidative stress. Structures for the coumarins 6-hydroxy-7-[(E,E)-3',7'-dimethyl-2',4',7'-octatrienyloxy] coumarin and 7-[(E)-3'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-2'-butenyloxy] coumarin are proposed on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Cumarínicos/química , Flavonóis/química , Haplopappus/química , Resinas Vegetais/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cumarínicos/isolamento & purificação , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Flavonóis/isolamento & purificação , Flavonóis/farmacologia , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Resinas Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
A chemical study of a dichloromethane extract of Balantiopsis cancellata led to the isolation of four known 2-phenylethanol esters (1-4) and a phenylethanediol benzoate (5). Antifeedant activity toward Spodoptera littoralis (disk-choice bioassay) and growth inhibition of the phytopathogen Cladosporium herbarum in TLC-bioautography assays were determined. The results show that the antifeedant and antifungal activity of the extract is attributable mainly to the trans-beta-methylthioacrylate 4.
Assuntos
Ésteres/farmacologia , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Hepatófitas/química , Inseticidas , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Artemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Cladosporium/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloreto de Metileno , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Spodoptera/fisiologiaRESUMO
A chemical study of aerial parts of Haplopappus illinitus afforded five labdane diterpenoids whose structures were elucidated by high field NMR spectroscopy and 2D techniques. Four of them are dicarboxylic acids previously reported as the corresponding dimethyl ester derivatives and the fifth is a new compound.
Assuntos
Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Haplopappus/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Chile , Diterpenos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Folhas de Planta/química , Caules de Planta/química , Espectrofotometria InfravermelhoRESUMO
Carnosol 1, rosmanol 2, carnosic acid 3 and 20-deoxocarnosol 4, the main phenolic abietanes present in aerial parts of the Chilean medicinal plant Sphacele salviae were tested for antioxidant activity of measuring the decay of the radical cation diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). All compounds displayed higher antioxidant levels than BHT under the same conditions and carnosic acid was more efficient than vitamin E.
