RESUMO
Population aging prompts efforts to help older adults maintain a high quality of life and independence. Group singing (GS) has shown benefits on social, physical, and cognitive domains, being a cost-effective strategy to reach these goals. Nevertheless, randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating systematic GS interventions and the interplay between their effects on those domains are scarce. Thus, the present RCT assessed whether a 34-session GS intervention boosts older adults cognitive functions (executive functions and verbal memory) and whether it has an impact on systemic inflammation markers. Additionally, it intended to determine whether changes in social or physiological domains mediated the intervention effects on cognition. One hundred and forty-nine participants were allocated to a waiting-list group, which kept their usual activity levels, or an intervention group. Blinded outcome assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. Results confirmed positive effects of GS on cognition, especially marked for verbal memory. Evidence of GSs protective effect on systemic inflammation is also provided. Mediation analyses revealed a complex interaction of GS intervention engagement and respiratory function and social wellbeing changes with the magnitude of cognitive improvement. These results highlight socialization and respiratory functions as critical pieces of multidimensional GS interventions, maximizing their benefits on older adults cognition. (AU)
El envejecimiento poblacional requiere de esfuerzos para ayudar a los adultos mayores a mantener una mayor calidad de vida e independencia. El canto en grupo (CG) ha mostrado beneficios en los dominios social, físico y cognitivo, siendo una estrategia eficiente para alcanzar estos objetivos. Sin embargo, son escasos los ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) que evalúan intervenciones sistemáticas de CG y la interacción de sus efectos en dichos dominios. Así, el presente ECA evaluó si una intervención de CG de 34 sesiones mejora las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores (funciones ejecutivas y memoria verbal) y si tiene efectos en los marcadores de inflamación sistémica. Además, se quiso determinar si los cambios en los dominios social y fisiológico mediaban los efectos de la intervención en la cognición. Se asignaron 149 participantes a un grupo en lista de espera, que mantuvo sus niveles de actividad habituales, o a un grupo de intervención. Se realizaron evaluaciones ciegas de los resultados al inicio, después de la intervención y durante el seguimiento. Los resultados confirmaron los efectos positivos del CG en la cognición, especialmente sobre la memoria verbal. También aportaron evidencias acerca del efecto protector del CG en la inflamación sistémica. Los análisis de mediación revelaron una compleja interacción de, por un lado, la adherencia a la intervención del CG y los cambios en la función respiratoria y el bienestar social y, por otro, la magnitud de la mejora cognitiva. Estos resultados sitúan a la socialización y la función respiratoria como piezas clave en intervenciones multidimensionales de CG, maximizando los beneficios de estas sobre la cognición en adultos mayores. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Solidão , Envelhecimento , Qualidade de Vida , Seguridade SocialRESUMO
According to the Self-Determination Theory, perceived job pressures can coerce professionals to develop more controlled motivations towards their work, and consequently increase the probability of using controlling motivational strategies. This study sought to analyze work-related motivations as mediators between two types of perceived job pressures: organizational constraints and perceptions of clients' controlled motivation and the use of controlling motivational strategies by exercise professionals. Using a cross-sectional design, involving 366 exercise professionals (172 women), mediation paths were assessed following Preacher and Hayes statistical procedures. Models were adjusted for gender, work experience (years), and the internal tendency to feel events as pressuring. Organizational constraints were associated with lower autonomous motivation for work and the use of controlling strategies. Perceptions of clients' controlled motivation were associated with work-related amotivation and the use of controlling strategies. Amotivation mediated the association between organizational constraints and controlling strategies. Overall, results support theoretical predictions and previous research, extending it to the exercise domain, highlighting the interplay between job pressures, work-related motivations, and the use of controlling strategies. The understanding of what influences exercise professionals' motivation, and consequently the motivational strategies they use, is of paramount importance for exercise promotion and the benefit of those who seek their expert guidance.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/psicologia , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Motivação , Autonomia Pessoal , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Aunque existe un bloque de la literatura que estudia la relación entre psicología y lesiones deportivas, los estudios sobre personalidad resistente, ansiedad competitiva y competitividad son muy escasos. Esta revisión sistemática muestra que la información concerniente a estos resulta incompleta y, en ocasiones, es contradictoria. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar la literatura que analiza estos factores psicológicos en las lesiones de los deportistas. Se identificaron estudios significativos a través de una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed y SportDiscus, extrayéndose datos sobre el diseño del estudio, participantes, variables, instrumentos y resultados. Se incluyeron 6 estudios, 2 referentes a personalidad resistente y otros 4 relacionados con ansiedad competitiva, sin encontrar ninguno significativo respecto a competitividad relacionada con lesiones deportivas. La evidencia inicial indica que mayores puntuaciones en personalidad resistente y menores puntuaciones en ansiedad competitiva disminuyen la vulnerabilidad del deportista a padecer lesiones deportivas. Se señalan estadísticamente y se discuten los resultados
Although there is a block of literature that examines the relationship between psychology and sports injuries, studies on hardiness, competitive anxiety and competitiveness are very scarce. This systematic review shows that the information concerning these is incomplete and, at times, contradictory. The purpose of this study is to review the literature that analyzes these psychological factors in the injuries of athletes. It was identified significant studies through a systematic search in PubMed and SportDiscus, extracting data on the design of the study, participants, variables, instruments and outcomes. Six studies were included, 2 benchmarks to hardiness and other 4 related to competitive anxiety, did not find any significant with respect to competitiveness associated with sport injuries. Initial evidence indicates that higher scores in hardiness and lower scores on competitive anxiety decrease the vulnerability of the athlete to suffer sports injuries. Statistically and results are discussed
