RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: With a global adult prevalence of 24%, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a global health problem that parallels the worldwide increase of obesity. Its frequency, clinical characteristics and related diseases in Cuba remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical characteristics, comorbidities and personal habits of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who are being treated in secondary and tertiary health facilities in seven Cuban provinces. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multicenter study was carried out in 6601 adults seen at gastroenterology outpatient clinics of nine hospitals in seven Cuban provinces from September 2018 through May 2019. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. The study included 1070 patients who met the diagnostic and study criteria and agreed to participate. Their personal habits and anthropometric and clinical characteristics, comorbidities and other aspects of their medical histories were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 1070 participants, 60.7% (649) were women. Participants' average age was 54.5 years and average body mass index was 30.5 kg/m2. A total of 397 (37.1%) were overweight and 574 (53.6%) were obese, 945 (88.3%) led a sedentary lifestyle, 564 (52.7%) had high blood pressure, 406 (37.9%) had lipid disorders and 301 (28.1%) were diabetic. While 484 (45.2%) of patients were asymptomatic, the most frequent clinical signs and symptoms were fatigue (262; 24.5%), dyspepsia (209; 19.5%), abdominal pain (306; 28.5%) and hepatomegaly (189; 17.7%). Liver cirrhosis was present in 37 (3.5%) patients at the time of diagnosis. Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were identified in 391 (36.5%) and 279 (26.1%) of participants, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in these Cuban patients coincides with that reported in the Caribbean region, which has high levels of obesity, overweight and sedentary lifestyles. Most were asymptomatic, female or had metabolism-related comorbidities such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.
Assuntos
Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Cuba/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
La detección precoz del comportamiento anormal de enfermedades transmisibles depende de la calidad y oportunidad de la información disponible y de métodos eficientes. En Cuba generalmente se basa en anàlisis de series cronológicas y canales endémicos para vigilancia semanal o mensual desde el nivel primario de atención. En el país no se ha evaluado suficientemente la calidad de las series cronológicas ni los métodos empleados. En el año 2006 se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 18 unidades de anàlisis y tendencias municipales y en 12 àreas de salud de municipios seleccionados de Ciudad de La Habana y Pinar del Río, para evaluar la calidad de los datos utilizados en la confección de canales endémicos, identificar los principales métodos utilizados para su elaboración y personal que los analiza. Se encontró que se vigilan un número suficiente de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria aunque no de manera uniforme, el soporte de conservación màs utilizado en àreas de salud fue el papel, se conservan un número elevado de años en casi todas las unidades, el método màs utilizado para el canal endémico es el Màximo maximorum y Mínimo minimorum y el personal que realiza el anàlisis està suficientemente capacitado. Las series existentes en esas unidades permiten realizar anàlisis apropiados y es conveniente extender la conservación digital como norma así como incrementar la preparación de profesionales dedicados a esta actividad
Early detection of the anomalous behavior of communicable diseases depends on the quality and promptness of available data and of efficient methods. In Cuba, this detection generally supports on the analysis of time series and endemic ranges for weekly or monthly surveillance at primary health care. There have not been thorough assessment of the quality of times series and methods. A descriptive study was conducted in 18 municipal health analysis and trends units and in 12 health areas located in selected municipalities of the City of Havana and Pinar del Río provinces in 2006, with the purpose of evaluating the quality of data in the preparation of endemic ranges; to identify the main methods for their preparation and the staff in charge of the analysis. It was found that an adequate number of compulsory notification diseases are under surveillance, but not in a consistent way; the most used preservation means is paperback in health areas; a high number of years in analysis are kept in almost all the units, the most common method for preparation of endemic ranges is Maximum Maximorum and Minimum Minimorum whereas the staff in charge of the analysis is properly trained. The existing time series allow making suitable analysis, so, it is desirable to increase the use of computerization to keep them as well as to raise the level of training for the professionals devoted to this task
RESUMO
La detección precoz del comportamiento anormal de enfermedades transmisibles depende de la calidad y oportunidad de la información disponible y de métodos eficientes. En Cuba generalmente se basa en anàlisis de series cronológicas y canales endémicos para vigilancia semanal o mensual desde el nivel primario de atención. En el país no se ha evaluado suficientemente la calidad de las series cronológicas ni los métodos empleados. En el año 2006 se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 18 unidades de anàlisis y tendencias municipales y en 12 àreas de salud de municipios seleccionados de Ciudad de La Habana y Pinar del Río, para evaluar la calidad de los datos utilizados en la confección de canales endémicos, identificar los principales métodos utilizados para su elaboración y personal que los analiza. Se encontró que se vigilan un número suficiente de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria aunque no de manera uniforme, el soporte de conservación màs utilizado en àreas de salud fue el papel, se conservan un número elevado de años en casi todas las unidades, el método màs utilizado para el canal endémico es el Màximo maximorum y Mínimo minimorum y el personal que realiza el anàlisis està suficientemente capacitado. Las series existentes en esas unidades permiten realizar anàlisis apropiados y es conveniente extender la conservación digital como norma así como incrementar la preparación de profesionales dedicados a esta actividad(AU)
Early detection of the anomalous behavior of communicable diseases depends on the quality and promptness of available data and of efficient methods. In Cuba, this detection generally supports on the analysis of time series and endemic ranges for weekly or monthly surveillance at primary health care. There have not been thorough assessment of the quality of times series and methods. A descriptive study was conducted in 18 municipal health analysis and trends units and in 12 health areas located in selected municipalities of the City of Havana and Pinar del Río provinces in 2006, with the purpose of evaluating the quality of data in the preparation of endemic ranges; to identify the main methods for their preparation and the staff in charge of the analysis. It was found that an adequate number of compulsory notification diseases are under surveillance, but not in a consistent way; the most used preservation means is paperback in health areas; a high number of years in analysis are kept in almost all the units, the most common method for preparation of endemic ranges is Maximum Maximorum and Minimum Minimorum whereas the staff in charge of the analysis is properly trained. The existing time series allow making suitable analysis, so, it is desirable to increase the use of computerization to keep them as well as to raise the level of training for the professionals devoted to this task(AU)
