[When was the Royal Academy of Surgery founded? What were its statutes?]. / Quand l'Académie royale de chirurgie a-t-elle été créée? Quel était son statut?

The Royal Academy of Surgery was generally thought to have been created in 1731. In reality, it was a group called "the Academy Society of Surgery" which met at this time. The true date for the foundation of the Royal Academy of Surgery was in July 1748.

[Peroperative isotopic detection in the treatment of osteoid osteoma in children]. / Détection isotopique per-opératoire dans le traitement de l'ostéome ostéoïde chez l'enfant.

Peroperative isotopic detection, which was rendered possible by use of the cadmium telluride semi-conductor probe developed by C. Proye et al., has permitted nidus removal, as well as promoting cure in case of osteoid osteoma, by limiting bone resection to a strict minimum. Five cases are presented, all children. The method seems to present great value, particularly in case of localisations involving the spine or the neck of the femur.

[Treatment of post-poliomyelitis paralytic scoliosis of more than 80 by skeletal traction followed by posterior vertebral arthrodesis fixed with Luque's segmental spinal device]. / Traitement des scolioses paralytiques post-poliomyélitiques de plus de 80 degrees par traction squelettique, puis arthrodèse vertébrale postérieure fixée par instrumentation spinale segmentaire selon Luque.

We present 45 consecutive cases of post-poliomyelitic paralytic scoliosis, with an angle ranging from 90 degrees to 145 degrees (mean 117 degrees), seen in subjects aged between 12 and 16 years, and treated by arthrodesis using a Luque-type segmental spinal apparatus with, in the cases showing an oblique pelvis, anchoring to the pelvis using the Galveston technique. Post-operative contention was not performed. Neurological complications were not seen in any patient. There were no cases of rupture of either rods or wires. The loss of correction at one year was between 5 and 10 degrees. The technique was shown to be effective when obliqueness of the pelvis was not present. In rigid forms, with an oblique pelvis, a circumferential arthrodesis is indicated provided that a rigid apparatus has not previously been inserted thereby preventing supplementary correction via the posterior route.

[The use of the laser knife for excision grafting of deep burns in children under 3]. / Utilisation du bistouri-laser pour l'exision-greffe des brûlures profondes chez l'enfant de moins de 3 ans.

Surgical excision of deep burns followed immediately by skin grafting justifies itself by the reduction of delay of wound healing and by the same token of the improved functional and morphological results obtained. Its draw-back is that it is very hemorrhagic and is thus difficult to apply to children. Out of 120 children under 3 years old, hospitalised over two years for widespread burns, 29 of them fulfilled the conditions of excision of deep burns followed by grafting. In the first three in whom the excision was performed with a scalpel, the blood loss ranged from 140 to 500 ml. But in the fourth case also done with a scalpel, the blood loss was dramatic and required a blood compensation of 3,600 ml. The technique was therefore abandoned and we reverted to the classic technique in the 10 following patients, before we could dispose of a laser knife in the last twelve patients. The blood loss was minimal or ranged between 10 to 20 ml with a maximum of 40 ml in one case. The draw-back is that the graft cannot be performed immediately and a delay of 8 days at least is required until the tissue-bed is appropriate to a successful grafting. Analysis of the results show that, there exists a significant difference in the length of wound healing treated traditionally as compared to that of excision followed by immediate grafting. The recourse to the laser-knife, by eliminating the risk of hemorrhage, allows the use of the technique of excision-immediate grafting in young children.

[Anterior peri-lunar dislocation of the carpus in children. Apropos of 2 cases]. / La luxation périlunaire antérieure du carpe chez l'enfant. A propos de 2 cas.

Volar perilunar dislocation of the carpus in children, in view of their rarity, represent a pitfall in traumatology which can be avoided by means of careful x-ray examination. The rarity of the lesion can be explained by the fact that cartilagenous structures of short bones and epiphyses are more resistant than ossified structures. The study of the 2 cases of volar perilunar dislocation of the carpus in an 11 1/2 years old and a 12 years old child respectively as well as a review of the literature confirms that its mechanism is due to extreme palmar flexion, and explains associated bony lesions. It permits an adapted treatment according the nature and age of the lesion. Despite insufficient follow up time, the functional outcome seems satisfactory.

[Anatomo-clinical and echocardiographic correlations in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Apropos of 32 cases]. / Corrélations anatomo-cliniques et échoradiographiques dans la sténose hypertrophique du pylore. A propos de 32 cas.

The authors present diagnosis particularities in 32 cases of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, from 1980 to 1984, whom 21 cases since 1982 (25 boys, 7 girls). The diagnosis of HPS was confirmed by sonographic and roentgen explorations, isolated or associated: ultrasound alone 3 cases, ultrasound and roentgen combined 29 cases either roentgen first (22) or ultrasound first (7). Fiability was made for 22 cases; two times, error came from false interpretation; eight times were "false negative" results, corrected by roentgenogram, and corresponding with a voluminous pylorus (3) or little, sclerosis pyloric lesions (5). Amelioration of results give, from the last year, right diagnosis in 85 per cent, about 13 cases.

[Spinal fractures in children. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Apropos of 67 cases]. / Fractures du rachis chez l'enfant. Problèmes diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. A propos de 67 observations.

Between 1960 and 1980 the authors have observed 67 cases of spinal traumatism for children under 15 years old. Neurological deficit was present for 25 of these patients. At the first examination for 17 and after for 8. 5 children have total paraplegia without osteoligamentary lesions. The cervical traumatisms were without other injuries and were the result of minor trauma. The thoracolumbar traumatisms were accompanied by other injuries and were the result of violent trauma. Most of these lesions have been reduced by orthopedic method; only 4 children were operated because the dislocation was incoercible. The 15 children who presented total paraplegia had no recovery. For all the others, the recuperation was good.

[Conservative treatment of injuries of the spleen in children]. / Expérience du traitement conservateur des traumatismes de la rate chez l'enfant.

Resolutely convinced of the necessity to preserve the spleen in all circumstances, the authors detail the indications and possibilities of non operative management and conservative surgery that allow the injured spleen to be salvaged. Of 55 cases observed from 1978 to 1982, only 22 required splenectomy because of our new experience; 13 of the remaining cases were treated non operatively and 20 had a conservative surgery. It is concluded that unless the child prognosis is directly and immediately involved, by the splenic injury (such cases require splenectomy or better still partial resection) every effort should be made to preserve a traumatized spleen.