RESUMO
The inability to efficiently screen the cognitive status of homebound elderly patients can hamper clinicians' ability to plan for safe, appropriate care. In this study, the six-item Orientation-Memory-Concentration (OMC) Test was administered to 12 elderly patients during a routine office visit. That same afternoon, each participant was called at home and the OMC repeated by telephone. Test-retest correlation was excellent (Pearson's correlation =.992). Concurrent validity was supported by complete (100%) agreement between the clinicians' subjective impressions of the patients' mental status and OMC ratings. The outcome implies that telephone screening of cognitive status can be reliable.
Assuntos
Atenção , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Avaliação Geriátrica , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Memória , Entrevista Psiquiátrica Padronizada/normas , Avaliação em Enfermagem/métodos , Orientação , Telefone , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Variações Dependentes do ObservadorRESUMO
As advanced practitioners, clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners have a leadership role in integrating and promoting nursing research in clinical settings. In this quasi-experimental study, the role of the advanced practice nurse in developing and implementing an intervention that improved delirium screening by staff nurses is described. Screening practices of the treatment group nurses were accurate in 100% of the cases. Control nurses failed to detect any cases of delirium. A discussion of study findings and their relevance to advanced practice nursing are discussed.
Assuntos
Delírio/diagnóstico , Delírio/enfermagem , Avaliação Geriátrica , Enfermagem Geriátrica/métodos , Enfermeiros Clínicos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pesquisa em Enfermagem Clínica , Educação Continuada em Enfermagem , Feminino , Hospitais Comunitários , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/enfermagem , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar , Desenvolvimento de PessoalRESUMO
Promoting application of study findings to the clinical setting is a constant challenge for nurse researchers. This project used change theory to include staff RNs in a research study on delirium and to use relevant findings. The research hypothesis was: Staff nurses who use a standardized protocol will have improved ability to identify delirium in elderly hospital patients. Staff nurses on the intervention unit used this protocol to screen for delirium on all consenting inpatients 75 years of age and over, and control unit nurses continued using their standard assessment practices. Intervention unit nurses demonstrated an improved ability to identify the presence and absence of delirium, and voluntarily requested to continue using the protocol after the study was terminated. Use of a theoretical model to include nurses in the study promoted the successful conduct of the research and subsequent use of findings.
Assuntos
Pesquisa em Enfermagem Clínica , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Delírio/diagnóstico , Delírio/enfermagem , Difusão de Inovações , Avaliação Geriátrica , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Avaliação em Enfermagem/métodos , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/educação , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pesquisa em Enfermagem Clínica/educação , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Teoria de EnfermagemRESUMO
The influence of 15 of the most frequently used beta-receptor blockers on the glucose transport in human erythrocytes was investigated. It was found out that 10 compounds have no effect on the glucose transport and that their lipophilicities are very low. The inhibition constants and the inhibition kinetics of the glucose uptake of the other 5 beta-receptor blockers were estimated. No correlation exists between their affinities to the glucose transport sites and the partition coefficients.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico Ativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Químicos , Físico-Química , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Cinética , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Glucose transport differs in red cells of various species. The following sequence of transport velocities was found: man greater than newborn pig greater than rat, dog greater than cattle greater than pig. No correlation was found between the amount of protein in band 3 and glucose transport activity. By contrast, a very clear peak in the band 4.5 region was found for newborn pigs, whereas adult pigs did not exhibit a corresponding peak in the electrophoresis. Thus further evidence is provided by our investigations in favour of band 4.5 region for glucose transport activity in red cells.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/sangue , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Proteína 1 de Troca de Ânion do Eritrócito/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Sanguíneas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Transporte/isolamento & purificação , Bovinos , Cães , Humanos , Cinética , Proteínas de Membrana/isolamento & purificação , Peso Molecular , Proteínas de Transporte de Monossacarídeos , Proteínas de Transporte de Nucleosídeos , Ratos , Especificidade da Espécie , SuínosRESUMO
By kinetic analysis we estimated that all the 16 benzodiazepines investigated are inhibitors of the glucose uptake in human erythrocytes; their affinities, however, differ remarkably. The individual KI values ranged over 2 orders, the partition coefficients in a mixture of octanol/water over 3 orders of magnitude. Thus, the lipophilities of the benzodiazepines differ considerably; they don't agree with the trend of the KI values with exception of structurally very similar preparations. The thermodynamic parameters delta F degree, delta H degree and delta S degree for the association of the benzodiazepines to the transport protein were mostly of negative sign. From the results we discussed the importance of the chemical groupings for the inhibitory effect of the benzodiazepines on the glucose uptake as well as the mode of interaction between the benzodiazepines and the transport protein. Some parallels between the affinities of the benzodiazepines to the transport protein, to the serum albumin and to the receptors of the central nervous system were considered.
Assuntos
Benzodiazepinas/sangue , Proteínas de Transporte/sangue , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Humanos , Cinética , Proteínas de Transporte de Monossacarídeos , Ligação Proteica , TermodinâmicaRESUMO
By kinetic analysis we found that the transport protein for glucose in human erythrocyte membranes has different binding sites for competitive inhibitors. They all change the transport protein with the effect that it loses its affinity to glucose. Some of the competitive inhibitors alter the conformation of the transport protein, so that other ones cannot be bound. There are inhibitors, however, which do not affect the affinity of other competitive inhibitors. A schematic model of our assumption about the mechanism of the competitive inhibition of glucose transport is presented.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Ligação Competitiva , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Etanol/sangue , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Cinética , Maltose/sangue , Modelos Químicos , Triptofano/análogos & derivados , Triptofano/sangueRESUMO
It was found that 2-amino-3-indolepropionic acid (tryptophan) and 2-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid (phenylalanine) benzylesters, compounds which inhibit cell sickling, are inhibitors of glucose transport in normal human erythrocytes. The mechanism underlying both processes is discussed.
Assuntos
Antidrepanocíticos/farmacologia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/farmacologia , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , CinéticaAssuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacologia , Fluidez de Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Marcadores de Spin , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeAssuntos
Benzoatos/farmacologia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Transporte Biológico Ativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Cinética , Lipídeos de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The kinetics of the enzymatic and transport processes is described for cases in which not only one but also two inhibitor molecules can interact with one protein molecule. A method is stated to determine the different dissociation constants for the mixed, competitive and noncompetitive inhibition.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Ligação Competitiva , Transporte Biológico , Cinética , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
The characteristics of inhibition of the glucose uptake in human erythrocytes by chlorpromazine (CPZ) was investigated. It was found that CPZ is a strong inhibitor. The inhibition kinetics indicates that also two molecules of CPZ can bind to the transport system and so from two different CPZ-complexes. The dissociation constants of both the CPZ-complexes and the pH- and temperature-dependence of the inhibition were estimated.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Clorpromazina/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Técnicas In Vitro , Cinética , TemperaturaRESUMO
Oils used as antifoaming agents in fermentation are subjected to oxidation to form various products, such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, peroxides, etc. The negative effect of such products on biosynthesis of chlortetracycline by strains VUA 84 and Iz 22/VUPL of Str. aureofaciens was recorded. The level of the oil oxidation was characterized by the contents of peroxides and epihydrinaldehydes. The Kreiss qualitative test was modified for quantitative estimation of epihydrinalydehydes. The oil antifoaming agents characterized by the routine parameters used in determination of oil quality, such as acid number, saponification number and iodine number. In the control experiments lard and soybeen oil were oxidized by air at a temperature of 100 degrees C without an antioxidant (2,6-ditetrabutyl-4-methylphenol). The oil antifoaming agents such as soybeen oil and lard were tested in biosynthesis of chlortetracycline carried out in flasks and pilot plant 750 1 apparatus. Antioxidant 4K, an alkylphenol antioxidant, in a 2% concentration proved to be effective for prevention of oxidation and nontoxic for the culture.
Assuntos
Antiespumantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fermentação/efeitos dos fármacos , Tensoativos/farmacologia , Clortetraciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Clortetraciclina/biossíntese , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Oxirredução , Streptomyces aureofaciens/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The homologous compounds of the 4-alkoxy- and 4-alkylamino-series inhibit the exchange transport of glucose in human erythrocytes; they show a competitive inhibition with one or two inhibitor molecules which become bound to a singular site of the transport system for glucose. The importance of length of hydrocarbon chain of the localanesthetics for the mode of their action is discussed.
Assuntos
Ácido 4-Aminobenzoico/farmacologia , Aminobenzoatos/farmacologia , Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacologia , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Etilaminas/farmacologia , Humanos , para-AminobenzoatosRESUMO
Diethylpyrocarbonate largely diminished both discontinuities in red cell glucose transport and also in red cell membrane ANS fluorescence at about 17--20 degrees C.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Dietil Pirocarbonato/farmacologia , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Formiatos/farmacologia , Lipídeos de Membrana/sangue , Proteínas de Membrana/sangue , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Técnicas In Vitro , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The effect of D-, L- and DL-propranolol on the glucose uptake in human erythrocytes was studied. It was observed that all three compounds competitively inhibit the glucose transport and have identical inhibition constants. The pH dependence of the inhibition constant indicates that uncharged propranolol is a more potent inhibitor than the charged one. The thermodynamic parameters of the interaction of propranolol with the glucose transport system were determined and discussed.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Propranolol/farmacologia , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
The inhibition of glucose transport by the non-ionizable local-anesthetic denzylalcohol is of the mixed type and independent of pH. The affinity of benzylalcohol to the free carrier is about three times larger than that to the carrier-glucose complex.
Assuntos
Álcoois Benzílicos/farmacologia , Compostos de Benzil/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Álcoois Benzílicos/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressão Química , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , CinéticaRESUMO
Local anesthetics inhibit the exhange transport of glucose in human erythroytes. All compounds tested showed a competitive inhibition except lidocaine and baycaine causing a non-competitive one. Moreover the transport system can bind two inhibitor molecules to one transport site as described for tetracaine and oxybuprocaine.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose/metabolismo , Anestésicos Locais/metabolismo , Ligação Competitiva , Transporte Biológico Ativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Lidocaína/farmacologia , Procaína/farmacologia , Tetracaína/metabolismo , Tetracaína/farmacologiaAssuntos
Androstanos/farmacologia , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/farmacologia , Transporte Biológico Ativo , Glicemia/metabolismo , Calorimetria , Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Eritrocítica/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Cinética , TemperaturaRESUMO
The thermodynamic parameters deltaH degrees, deltaF degrees, deltaS degrees and the pH dependence of the interaction between steroids and the glucose carrier in human erythrocytes have been studied. The results indicate that, according to the structure of the steroids, hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic bonds can be involved in the association. For the binding of the C-21-steroids to the carrier the polarity rule has been observed to be valid. On the basis of the thermodynamic parameters it has been found that in the association process of the steroids with the carrier, simultaneous randomization of ordered water molecules is important.