Incidencia y factores de riesgo de carcinomas definitorios de SIDA en una cohorte de pacientes con infección por VIH: importancia de la definición de casos incidentes / Incidence and risk factors of AIDS-defining cancers in a cohort of HIV-positive adults: Importance of the definition of incident cases

Introducción El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la incidencia y factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de carcinomas definitorios de SIDA (CDS), e investigar el efecto de diferentes definiciones de casos incidentes. Métodos Se diseñó un estudio de cohortes. Se analizaron incidencia y factores de riesgo mediante regresión de Poisson. Se realizó el análisis para tres definiciones de casos incidentes: retraso de 0, 14 y 30 días desde la inclusión en la cohorte. Resultados Se incluyeron 6393 sujetos con infección por VIH. La incidencia de CDS cambió según las definiciones de casos incidentes (retraso 0, 14 y 30 días). Diferentes factores se asociaron con el riesgo de CDS para diferentes definiciones de casos incidentes. Para el retraso 0, el riesgo de sarcoma de Kaposi (KS) y linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH) fue mayor para valores de CD4 <200/ml. La terapia HAART se asoció a un menor riesgo de LNH y SK. Los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres tuvieron mayor riesgo de SK. SK y LNH no se asociaron con carga viral, género, hepatitis B o C. Para los retrasos de 14 y 30 días, los resultados fueron similares; sin embargo, la hepatitis C se asoció de forma significativa con el LNH. Conclusiones Nuestro estudios muestra la importancia de la definición de casos incidentes en los estudios de cohortes. Diferentes definiciones pueden influir en la estimación de la incidencia de CDS y en el análisis de los factores de riesgo (AU)

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for the development of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs); and to investigate the effect of making different assumptions on the definition of incident cases. Methods A multicentre cohort study was designed. Poisson regression was used to assess incidence and risk factors. To account for misclassification, incident cases were defined using lag-times of 0, 14 and 30 days after enrolment. Results A total of 6393 HIV-positive subjects were included in the study. The incidences of ADCs changed as the lag periods were varied from 0 to 30 days. Different risk factors emerged as the definition of incident cases was changed. For a lag time of 0, the risk of Kaposi sarcoma [KS] and non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL] increased at CD4 counts <200/ml. HAART was associated with lower risk of NHL and KS. Men who had sex with men had a higher risk of KS. KS and NHL were not associated with viral load, gender, or hepatitis B or C. The results were similar for a lag-time of 14 and 30 days; however, hepatitis C was significantly associated with NHL. Conclusions This analysis shows the importance of the definition of incident cases in cohort studies. Alternative definitions gave different incidence estimates, and may have implications for the analysis of risk factors (AU)

Incidence and risk factors of AIDS-defining cancers in a cohort of HIV-positive adults: Importance of the definition of incident cases.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for the development of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs); and to investigate the effect of making different assumptions on the definition of incident cases. METHODS: A multicentre cohort study was designed. Poisson regression was used to assess incidence and risk factors. To account for misclassification, incident cases were defined using lag-times of 0, 14 and 30 days after enrolment. RESULTS: A total of 6393 HIV-positive subjects were included in the study. The incidences of ADCs changed as the lag periods were varied from 0 to 30 days. Different risk factors emerged as the definition of incident cases was changed. For a lag time of 0, the risk of Kaposi sarcoma [KS] and non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL] increased at CD4 counts <200/ml. HAART was associated with lower risk of NHL and KS. Men who had sex with men had a higher risk of KS. KS and NHL were not associated with viral load, gender, or hepatitis B or C. The results were similar for a lag-time of 14 and 30 days; however, hepatitis C was significantly associated with NHL. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis shows the importance of the definition of incident cases in cohort studies. Alternative definitions gave different incidence estimates, and may have implications for the analysis of risk factors.

Clinical course and prognostic factors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.

We analyzed survival rates, neurologic function, and prognostic factors for 118 consecutive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 11 hospitals throughout Spain. Seventy-five patients (63.6%) remained alive for a median of 114 weeks (2.2 years) after diagnosis of PML. Neurologic function of the survivors was categorized as cure or improvement in 33, stabilization or worsening in 40, and unknown in 2. The baseline CD4+ cell count was the only variable found with prognostic significance. The odds ratio of death was 2.71 (95% confidence interval, 1.19-6.15) for patients with CD4+ cell counts of <100 cells/microL, compared with patients who had CD4+ cell counts of > or =100 cells/microL. One-third of patients with PML died despite receipt of HAART; neurologic function improved in approximately one-half of the survivors. A CD4+ cell count of <100 cells/microL was associated with higher mortality.