RESUMO
Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are among the most important agents of reproductive failure in swine worldwide. PPVs comprise eight genetically different species ascribed to four genera: Protoparvovirus (PPV1, PPV8), Tetraparvovirus (PPV2-3), Copiparvovirus (PPV4-6), and Chaphamaparvovirus (PPV7). In 2016, PPV7 was firstly detected in the USA and afterwards in Europe, Asia, and South America. Recently, it was also identified in Italy in pig farms with reproductive failure. This study aimed to evaluate the circulation of PPV7 in domestic and wild pigs in Sardinia, Italy. In addition, its coinfection with Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) and 3 (PCV3) was analysed, and PPV7 Italian strains were molecularly characterised. PPV7 was detected in domestic pigs and, for the first time, wild pigs in Italy. The PPV7 viral genome was detected in 20.59% of domestic and wild pig samples. PPV7 detection was significantly lower in domestic pigs, with higher PCV2/PCV3 co-infection rates observed in PPV7-positive than in PPV7-negative domestic pigs. Molecular characterisation of the NS1 gene showed a very high frequency of recombination that could presumably promote virus spreading.
Assuntos
Coinfecção , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Suíno , Filogenia , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Parvovirus Suíno/genética , Parvovirus Suíno/classificação , Parvovirus Suíno/isolamento & purificação , Itália/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Genoma Viral , Circovirus/genética , Circovirus/classificação , Circovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/epidemiologia , DNA Viral/genéticaRESUMO
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the pathogens of highest concern worldwide. Despite different virus lineages co-circulating in several areas, dual infections in the same animal have been rarely observed, suggesting that ASF superinfections are infrequent events. Here we present the first genome-wide detection and analysis of two intragenotype dual ASFV infections. The dual infections have been detected in a hunted wild boar and in a pig carcass, both infected by ASFV genotype I in Sardinia in 1984 and 2018, respectively. We characterize the genetic differences between the two sequences, their intra-host frequency, and their phylogenetic relationship among fully sequenced ASFV strains from Sardinia. Both dual infections involve pairs of closely related but different viruses that were circulating in Sardinia in the same period. The results imply that dual ASFV infections or similar ASFV strains are more common than expected, especially in ASF endemic areas, albeit difficult to detect.
