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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 76(1/2): 20-26, ene.-feb. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-172421

RESUMO

Introducción: El parto prematuro suprime radicalmente la energía fácilmente asimilable que proporciona el transporte placentario, planteando una emergencia médica nutricional, ya que el aparato digestivo del recién nacido pretérmino es incapaz de manejar y absorber la energía que requiere la vida extrauterina y el crecimiento posnatal. Por sus características de inmadurez y la morbilidad propia del recién nacido pretérmino y/o pequeño para su edad gestacional, es necesario individualizar la composición de la nutrición parenteral, adaptándola a las necesidades y a la tolerancia de cada neonato. Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es diseñar un programa que permita el cálculo de la nutrición parenteral del recién nacido de forma individualizada. Métodos: Se revisan las recomendaciones actuales de macro/micronutrientes, y con las variables edad gestacional, peso, días de vida y parámetros analíticos se establecen unas ecuaciones matemáticas. Resultados: Se obtiene una serie de funciones continuas que relacionan los requerimientos basados en la evidencia científica ac-tual con la edad, el peso y el día de la nutrición, simplificando la prescripción individualizada y la elaboración de la nutrición parenteral. Conclusiones: Este método de cálculo permite disminuir los errores en la estimación de la nutrición parenteral en recién nacidos pretérmino, ya que, al simplificar las operaciones, el riesgo de error disminuye, lo que permite realizar el cálculo de una nutrición parenteral individualizada de forma sencilla, rápida y segura (AU)


Introduction: Preterm birth suppresses radically easily assimilable energy that provides placental transport, posing a nutritional medical emergency, because the digestive tract of preterm infant is unable to manage and absorb the energy required by extrauterine life and postnatal growth. Because of the characteristics of immaturity and own morbidity of newborn preterm and/or small for gestational age, it’s necessary to individualize the composition of parenteral nutrition, adapting it to the needs and tolerance of each newborn. Objective: The aim of our work is to design a program that allows the calculations of parenteral nutrition of the newborn individually. Methods: Current recommendations of macro and micronutrients are reviewed, and with the variables gestational age, weight, days of life and laboratory parameters, some mathematical equations are established. Results: We obtain a series of continuous functions relating requirements based on current scientific evidence with age, weight and nutrition day, simplifying the individualized prescription and the development of parenteral nutrition. Conclusions: This calculation method allow us to reduce errors in the calculation of parenteral nutrition in preterm infants, because simplifying operations the risk of error decreases, allowing the calculation of an individual parenteral nutrition easily, quickly and safely (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Nutrição Parenteral/métodos , Nutrição Parenteral/normas , Nutrientes , Micronutrientes , Necessidades Nutricionais , Programas de Nutrição/organização & administração , Nutrição do Lactente , Oligoelementos/uso terapêutico
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(1): 1-5, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23808424

RESUMO

Fatty acids, in addition to its known energy value and its structural function, have other beneficial properties. In particular, the polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 acting on the cardiovascular apparatus through many channels exerting a protective effect against cardiovascular risk. The benefits associated with the reduction in cardiac mortality and sudden death particular, are related to the incorporation of EPA and DHA in phospholipid membrane of cardiomyocytes. An index is established that relates the percentage of EPA + DHA of total fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk of death from cardiovascular disease may layering in different degrees. Therefore, the primary source of fatty fish w-3 PUFA, behaves like a reference food in cardiosaludables diets.


Los ácidos grasos, además de su conocido valor energético y su función estructural, presentan otro tipo de propiedades beneficiosas. En concreto, los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 actúan sobre el aparato cardiovascular a través de multitud de vías ejerciendo un efecto protector frente al riesgo cardiovascular. Los beneficios asociados a la reducción de la mortalidad cardiaca y en concreto la muerte súbita, están relacionados con la incorporación de EPA y DHA en los fosfolípidos de la membrana de los cardiomiocitos. Se ha establecido un índice que relaciona el porcentaje de EPA+DHA del total de ácidos grasos en los eritrocitos y riesgo de muerte por enfermedad cardiovascular pudiendo estratificarlo en diferentes grados. Por lo tanto, el pescado graso principal fuente de AGPI w-3, se comporta como alimento de referencia en las dietas cardiosaludables.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Animais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Dieta , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/metabolismo , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/metabolismo , Peixes , Humanos
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(1): 63-70, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23808431

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In recent years it has been shown that omega-3 PUFAs have multiple cardiovascular protective effects. Currently, fish is the main and most important source of Omega-3 fatty acids. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the fatty acid composition in two species of hake, its content of omega-3 fatty acids and study their contribution to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed samples of two species of hake (Merluccius capensis and Merluccius paradoxus) in its natural state and frozen, cooked by microwave and boiled samples. We have studied the moisture content, lipid content and analysis, identification and composition of fatty acids. RESULTS: It was observed that the content of w-3 PUFA was higher than the w-6 PUFA. The omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA were the most representative of the omega-3 family, highlighting the DHA content in all samples analyzed. It has also demonstrated the safety of the cooking methods :microwave" and "boiling" as methods that ensure the integrity of the w-3 PUFA. CONCLUSION: Hake samples analyzed present an optimal lipid profile. Its content of w-3 PUFA and their properties, make hake fish is distinguished as hearthealthy diets reference.


Introducción: En los últimos 2013s se ha demostrado que los AGPI omega-3 presentan múltiples efectos protectores cardiovasculares. Actualmente, el pescado constituye la principal y la más importante fuente de ácidos grasos Omega-3. Objetivo: Analizar la composición en ácidos grasos en dos especies de merluza, determinar su contenido en ácidos grasos omega-3 y estudiar su aportación en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Material y métodos: Se han analizado muestras de dos especies de merluza (Merluccius capensis y Merluccius paradoxus) en su estado natural y congeladas, cocinadas al microondas y muestras hervidas. Se ha estudiado el contenido en humedad, contenido lipídico y el análisis, composición e identificación de ácidos grasos. Resultados: Se observó que el contenido de AGPI w-3 fue mayor que el de AGPI w-6. Los ácidos grasos omega-3 DHA y EPA fueron los más representativos de la familia omega-3, destacando el contenido de DHA en todas lasmuestras analizadas. Asimismo, se ha demostrado la seguridad de los métodos de cocción «microondas¼ y «hervido¼ como métodos que aseguran la integridad de los AGPI w-3. Conclusión: Las muestras de merluza analizadas presentan un óptimo perfil lipídico. Su contenido en AGPI w-3 y sus propiedades, hacen que la merluza se distinga como pescado de referencia en dietas cardiosaludables.


Assuntos
Gadiformes/fisiologia , Lipídeos/análise , Carne/análise , Animais , Composição Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Culinária , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/análise , Micro-Ondas
4.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(1): 1-5, ene.-feb. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-123103

RESUMO

Los ácidos grasos, además de su conocido valor energético y su función estructural, presentan otro tipo de propiedades beneficiosas. En concreto, los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 actúan sobre el aparato cardiovascular a través de multitud de vías ejerciendo un efecto protector frente al riesgo cardiovascular. Los beneficios asociados a la reducción de la mortalidad cardiaca y en concreto la muerte súbita, están relacionados con la incorporación de EPA y DHA en los fosfolípidos de la membrana de los cardiomiocitos. Se ha establecido un índice que relaciona el porcentaje de EPA+DHA del total de ácidos grasos en los eritrocitos y riesgo de muerte por enfermedad cardiovascular pudiendo estratificarlo en diferentes grados. Por lo tanto, el pescado graso principal fuente de AGPI w-3, se comporta como alimento de referencia en las dietas cardiosaludables (AU)


Fatty acids, in addition to its known energy value and its structural function, have other beneficial properties. In particular, the polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 acting on the cardiovascular apparatus through many channels exerting a protective effect against cardiovascular risk. The benefits associated with the reduction in cardiac mortality and sudden death particular, are related to the incorporation of EPA and DHA in phospholipid membrane of cardiomyocytes. An index is established that relates the percentage of EPA + DHA of total fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk of death from cardiovascular disease may layering in different degrees. Therefore, the primary source of fatty fish w-3 PUFA, behaves like a reference food in cardiosaludables diets (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/farmacocinética , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacocinética , Óleos de Peixe/farmacocinética , Miócitos Cardíacos/fisiologia , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/farmacocinética
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(1): 63-70, ene.-feb. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-123110

RESUMO

Introducción: En los últimos años se ha demostrado que los AGPI omega-3 presentan múltiples efectos protectores cardiovasculares. Actualmente, el pescado constituye la principal y la más importante fuente de ácidos grasos Omega-3. Objetivo: Analizar la composición en ácidos grasos en dos especies de merluza, determinar su contenido en ácidos grasos omega-3 y estudiar su aportación en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares.Material y Métodos: Se han analizado muestras de dos especies de merluza (Merluccius capensis y Merluccius paradoxus) en su estado natural y congeladas, cocinadas al microondas y muestras hervidas. Se ha estudiado el contenido en humedad, contenido lipídico y el análisis, composición e identificación de ácidos grasos. Resultados: Se observó que el contenido de AGPI w-3 fue mayor que el de AGPI w-6. Los ácidos grasos omega-3 DHA y EPA fueron los más representativos de la familia omega-3, destacando el contenido de DHA en todas las muestras analizadas. Asimismo, se ha demostrado la seguridad de los métodos de cocción "microondas" y "hervido" como métodos que aseguran la integridad de los AGPI w-3. Conclusión: Las muestras de merluza analizadas presentan un óptimo perfil lipídico. Su contenido en AGPI w-3 y sus propiedades, hacen que la merluza se distinga como pescado de referencia en dietas cardiosaludables (AU)


Introduction: In recent years it has been shown that omega-3 PUFAs have multiple cardiovascular protective effects. Currently, fish is the main and most important source of Omega-3 fatty acids. Objective: To analyze the fatty acid composition in two species of hake, its content of omega-3 fatty acids and study their contribution to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Material and Methods: We analyzed samples of two species of hake (Merluccius capensis and Merluccius paradoxus) in its natural state and frozen, cooked by microwave and boiled samples. We have studied the moisture content, lipid content and analysis, identification and composition of fatty acids. Results: It was observed that the content of w-3 PUFA was higher than the w-6 PUFA. The omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA were the most representative of the omega-3 family, highlighting the DHA content in all samples analyzed. It has also demonstrated the safety of the cooking methods "microwave" and "boiling" as methods that ensure the integrity of the w-3 PUFA. Conclusion: Hake samples analyzed present an optimal lipid profile. Its content of w-3 PUFA and their properties, make hake fish is distinguished as heart-healthy diets reference (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Lipídeos/análise , Óleos de Peixe/análise , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacocinética , Gadiformes
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(5): 1655-1657, sept.-oct. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-110202

RESUMO

Paciente diagnosticada de Enfermedad de Crohn con patrón inflamatorio que evoluciona a estenosante-perforante, provocando una perforación abdominal con peritonitis fecaloidea. Es sometida a tres intervenciones quirúrgicas, derivando en numerosas complicaciones y una evolución clínica tórpida. Dado el estado de desnutrición al ingreso se le prescribe Nutrición Parenteral Total (NPT), prolongándose la administración durante más de 10 meses. En este periodo se le suspende durante 5 días, pero la persistencia de una fístula enterocutánea provoca la restauración de la NPT. Tras su estabilización clínica, la paciente es dada de alta hasta recuperación de su estado nutricional necesario para realizar una cirugía de reconstrucción del intestino, continuando con NPT en su domicilio. Después de 7 meses y medio, la paciente con un estado nutricional óptimo, es sometida a la intervención quirúrgica, evolucionando favorablemente y suspendiendo la NPT a los 9 días (AU)


Patient diagnosed with Crohn's Disease with inflammatory pattern that evolves stenosing-piercing, causing abdominal perforation and fecal peritonitis. She was underwent to three surgeries, leading to numerous complications and a torpid clinical course. Given the state of malnutrition on admission it was prescribed Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), extending the administration for more than 10 months. In this period the TPN is suspended for 5 days, but the persistence of an enterocutaneous fistula causes the restoration of the TPN. After clinical stabilization, the patient is discharged to recover her nutritional status necessary to perform a bowel reconstruction surgery, continuing with TPN at home. After 7 and a half months, the patient with an optimal nutritional status, undergoes surgery, evolving favorably and suspending the TPN at 9 days (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Doença de Crohn/dietoterapia , Nutrição Parenteral no Domicílio/métodos , Desnutrição/dietoterapia , Peritonite/complicações , Fístula Intestinal/complicações
7.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 16(8): 1117-9, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22913163

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the case of treatment with amlodipine in a poorly controlled hypertension in a pediatric patient diagnosed with tricodistrofia. CASE SUMMARY: Girl 5 years old, diagnosed of tricodistrofia included within the Tay-Sachs syndrome. As a consequence of a cardiac arrest suffered in the context of a respiratory distress syndrome associated with infection by influenza A, she developed hypertension initially treated with nifedipine and captopril. After several months of treatment and a poor control of the hypertension, a change of treatment was decided, substituting nifedipine by amlodipine (2.5 mg/24 hours orally) and captopril by enalapril (2.5 mg/24 hours orally). Pharmacy service is request to get a amlodipine syrup that allows a dose adjustment to the needs of the patient. After the change of treatment the patient begins to maintain diastolic blood pressure levels within the normal range, suspending the administration of enalapril, maintaining good control of blood pressure with amlodipine 2 mg/24 hours. DISCUSSION: Most of antihypertensive drugs used in adults do not have clinical trials to evaluate its effects in the pediatric population. Furthermore, the lack of familiarity with the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the child, raises problems to adjust the dose to the changing reality of a child. In this situation, clinical experience supports the use of some of these drugs in children with optimal results. With the addition to the pediatric field of calcium antagonists and ACE-inhibitors or ARB-II, they allow as to have greater potential therapeutic alternatives.


Assuntos
Anlodipino/administração & dosagem , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Anlodipino/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Nifedipino/uso terapêutico , Suspensões
8.
Farm. hosp ; 36(2): 68-76, mar.-abr. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-107815

RESUMO

Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad y toxicidad del erlotinib en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón no microcítico. Métodos Los pacientes se han seleccionado de una base de datos de dispensación a pacientes ambulatorios. El periodo de tiempo seleccionado fue de enero 2008 a enero 2010 y para la recolección de datos se empleó la historia clínica del paciente en formato electrónico y en papel. Como medida de respuesta hemos usado los criterios RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors), también hemos medido el tiempo hasta la progresión y la supervivencia global. La toxicidad se evaluó según la Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).Resultados Se encontraron respuestas parciales en 5/46 pacientes y criterios de enfermedad estable en 14/46 pacientes. El tiempo hasta progresión de la enfermedad fue 4,01 meses (mediana 2,33 meses) y la supervivencia global 5,63 meses (mediana 4,67). Las toxicidades más frecuentes fueron exantema, anorexia, astenia, infecciones y efectos adversos gastrointestinales. Los pacientes que desarrollaron toxicidad cutánea tuvieron un tiempo hasta la progresión y una supervivencia global mayor (estadísticamente significativo) que el grupo que no la desarrolló (media de tiempo hasta la progresión: 7,87 meses versus 2,76; media supervivencia global: 10,74 meses versus 3,98).Conclusiones Los hallazgos del análisis de supervivencia indican una efectividad menor en nuestra población de pacientes en relación con otras publicaciones y las reacciones adversas describen el patrón esperado. A pesar de tener en cuenta nuestra principal limitación, el tamaño de la muestra, podría tratarse de una alternativa para los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón no microcítico (AU)


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of erlotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Method Patients were selected from an outpatients’ dispensing database. The time period selected was from January 2008 to January 2010. Data was collected from patient's medical history - electronic and paper based. We used Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) to measure response and measured time to progression and overall survival. Toxicity was evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).Results We found partial response in 5/46 patients and stable disease in 14/46 patients. Time to disease progression was 4.01 months (median 2.33 months) and overall survival was 5.63 months (median 4.67). The most common toxicities were rash, anorexia, asthenia, infection and gastrointestinal side effects. Patients who developed skin toxicity had a (statistically significant) greater time to progression and overall survival rate than the group that did not develop this toxicity (mean time to progression: 2.76 vs. 7.87 months; mean overall survival: 10.74 months vs. 3.98).Conclusions Survival analysis findings suggest lower efficacy in our patient population in comparison with data seen in other publications, and adverse events followed the expected pattern. Although our greatest limitation was sample size, which must be kept in mind, this therapy could be an alternative for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transdução de Sinais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Intervalo Livre de Doença
9.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(5): 1655-7, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23478720

RESUMO

Patient diagnosed with Crohn's Disease with inflammatory pattern that evolves stenosing-piercing, causing abdominal perforation and fecal peritonitis. She was underwent to three surgeries, leading to numerous complications and a torpid clinical course. Given the state of malnutrition on admission it was prescribed Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), extending the administration for more than 10 months. In this period the TPN is suspended for 5 days, but the persistence of an enterocutaneous fistula causes the restoration of the TPN. After clinical stabilization, the patient is discharged to recover her nutritional status necessary to perform a bowel reconstruction surgery, continuing with TPN at home. After 7 and a half months, the patient with an optimal nutritional status, undergoes surgery, evolving favorably and suspending the TPN at 9 days.


Assuntos
Doença de Crohn/terapia , Nutrição Parenteral Total no Domicílio/métodos , Doença de Crohn/cirurgia , Fístula Cutânea/etiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório , Feminino , Humanos , Desnutrição/etiologia , Desnutrição/terapia , Estado Nutricional , Adulto Jovem
10.
Farm Hosp ; 36(2): 68-76, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21798783

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of erlotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. METHOD: Patients were selected from an outpatients' dispensing database. The time period selected was from January 2008 to January 2010. Data was collected from patient's medical history - electronic and paper based. We used Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) to measure response and measured time to progression and overall survival. Toxicity was evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). RESULTS: We found partial response in 5/46 patients and stable disease in 14/46 patients. Time to disease progression was 4.01 months (median 2.33 months) and overall survival was 5.63 months (median 4.67). The most common toxicities were rash, anorexia, asthenia, infection and gastrointestinal side effects. Patients who developed skin toxicity had a (statistically significant) greater time to progression and overall survival rate than the group that did not develop this toxicity (mean time to progression: 2.76 vs. 7.87 months; mean overall survival: 10.74 months vs. 3.98). CONCLUSIONS: Survival analysis findings suggest lower efficacy in our patient population in comparison with data seen in other publications, and adverse events followed the expected pattern. Although our greatest limitation was sample size, which must be kept in mind, this therapy could be an alternative for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Quinazolinas/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Toxidermias , Quimioterapia Combinada , Cloridrato de Erlotinib , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Quinazolinas/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Sobrevida , Análise de Sobrevida
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