Stent Management of Leaks After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Despite the low rates of complications of bariatric surgery, gastrointestinal leaks are major adverse events that increase post-operative morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic treatment using self-expanding stents has been used in the therapeutic management of these complications with preliminary good results. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-expanding stents placement for the management of gastrointestinal leaks after obesity surgery. Overall proportion of successful leak closure, stent migration, and reoperation were analysed as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were patients' clinical characteristics, duration and type of stent, other stent complications, and mortality. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of studies reporting stents was performed, including 488 patients. The overall proportion of successful leak closure was 85.89% (95% CI, 82.52-89.25%), median interval between stent placement and its removal of 44 days. Stent migration was noted in 18.65% (95% CI, 14.32-22.98%) and the overall proportion of re-operation was in 13.54% (95% CI, 9.94-17.14%). The agreement between reviewers for the collected data gave a Cohen's κ value of 1.0. No deaths were caused directly by complications with the stent placement. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic placement of self-expanding stents can be used, in selected patients, for the management of leaks after bariatric surgery with a high rate of effectiveness and low mortality rates. Nevertheless, reducing stent migration and re-operation rates represents an important challenge for future studies.

Análisis del impacto de la cirugía bariátrica en el gasto farmacológico a medio plazo / Analysis of the impact of bariatric surgery on medium-term pharmacological expenditure

Introducción: La obesidad y las enfermedades asociadas a ella suponen un importante problema, y no solo sanitario, sino también económico, ya que muchas de esas patologías son subsidiarias de tratamiento farmacológico de por vida. La cirugía bariátrica y metabólica, a priori, disminuye la demanda de medicamentos de estos pacientes, pero puede condicionar otro tipo de necesidades farmacológicas. El objetivo del estudio es demostrar si existe un descenso real del gasto farmacológico tras la cirugía bariátrica. Material y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo transversal de los pacientes intervenidos en nuestro centro entre 2012 y 2016, comparando las distintas comorbilidades y los gastos farmacológicos asociados a ellas un mes antes y a los 2años de la cirugía. Resultados: Fueron intervenidos 400 pacientes. Se presentaron los resultados mostrando para cada una de las técnicas quirúrgicas estudiadas las diferencias entre la resolución de las distintas comorbilidades y el ahorro farmacológico generado. La comorbilidad más coste-efectiva del estudio fue la diabetes mellitus tipo2 (DM2). La técnica quirúrgica con mejores resultados fue el bypass metabólico, presentando una diferencia de costes tras la cirugía de 507euros mensuales (p<0,001). Conclusiones: En un seguimiento de 2años tras la cirugía bariátrica se produce un descenso en la prevalencia de las enfermedades asociadas a la obesidad y del gasto farmacológico asociado a ellas, lo que demuestra que este tipo de intervención resulta eficiente a medio plazo. (AU)

Introduction: Obesity and associated diseases represent an important health and economic problem since pharmacological treatment for many of these pathologies needs lifelong subsidies. Theoretically, bariatric and metabolic surgery decreases the medication requirements of patients for these diseases but may result in other types of pharmacological needs. This study aims to demonstrate whether there is a real decrease in pharmacological expenditure after bariatric surgery. Material and methods: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients who were treated in our centre between 2012 and 2016, comparing different associated comorbidities and pharmacological expenses one month before and 2years after surgery. Results: 400 patients were operated. The results were presented, showing the differences between the resolution of the different comorbidities and the pharmacological savings generated for each of the surgical techniques studied. The most cost-effective comorbidity in the study was type2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The surgical technique with the best results was metabolic bypass, presenting a cost difference after surgery of 507euros per month (P<.001). Conclusions: In a 2-year follow-up after bariatric surgery, a decreased prevalence of obesity-related diseases and associated pharmacological expenditure was observed, showing the efficiency of this intervention over the medium term. (AU)

Analysis of the impact of bariatric surgery on medium-term pharmacological expenditure.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity and associated diseases represent an important health and economic problem since pharmacological treatment for many of these pathologies needs lifelong subsidies. Theoretically, bariatric and metabolic surgery decreases the medication requirements of patients for these diseases but may result in other types of pharmacological needs. This study aims to demonstrate whether there is a real decrease in pharmacological expenditure after bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients who were treated in our centre between 2012 and 2016, comparing different associated comorbidities and pharmacological expenses one month before and 2 years after surgery. RESULTS: 400 patients were operated. The results were presented, showing the differences between the resolution of the different comorbidities and the pharmacological savings generated for each of the surgical techniques studied. The most cost-effective comorbidity in the study was type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The surgical technique with the best results was metabolic bypass, presenting a cost difference after surgery of 507 euros per month (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In a 2-year follow-up after bariatric surgery, a decreased prevalence of obesity-related diseases and associated pharmacological expenditure was observed, showing the efficiency of this intervention over the medium term.

Quiste tímico: una entidad rara en el adulto / Thymic Cysts: A Rare Entity in Adults

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Bull horn injuries. A 40-year retrospective study with 572 patients.

BACKGROUND: Although bullfighting festivals were traditionally attributed to the cultural idiosyncrasies of the Ibero-American people, they also exist world-wide. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted, reviewing the medical records of patients treated on our service for bull horn injuries between January 1978 and December 2019. RESULTS: There were 572 admissions due to bull horn injuries. 54 of these patients had multiple injuries. The average annual admission was 13.6 patients. The most frequent injuries were located in the lower extremities, perineum, and abdomen. Forty-seven laparotomies were performed, revealing intra-abdominal visceral impairment on 39 occasions. The most frequently injured organs were the intestine and liver. The most frequent complications were skin devitalisation, infection and post-operative eventration. The recorded mortality was 0.87%. CONCLUSION: We wish to highlight the importance of injuries caused by bull horns worldwide. These are high-impact injuries with specific intrinsic characteristics that require regulated medical and surgical care.

Analysis of the impact of bariatric surgery on medium-term pharmacological expenditure. / Análisis del impacto de la cirugía bariátrica en el gasto farmacológico a medio plazo.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity and associated diseases represent an important health and economic problem since pharmacological treatment for many of these pathologies needs lifelong subsidies. Theoretically, bariatric and metabolic surgery decreases the medication requirements of patients for these diseases but may result in other types of pharmacological needs. This study aims to demonstrate whether there is a real decrease in pharmacological expenditure after bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients who were treated in our centre between 2012 and 2016, comparing different associated comorbidities and pharmacological expenses one month before and 2years after surgery. RESULTS: 400 patients were operated. The results were presented, showing the differences between the resolution of the different comorbidities and the pharmacological savings generated for each of the surgical techniques studied. The most cost-effective comorbidity in the study was type2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The surgical technique with the best results was metabolic bypass, presenting a cost difference after surgery of 507euros per month (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: In a 2-year follow-up after bariatric surgery, a decreased prevalence of obesity-related diseases and associated pharmacological expenditure was observed, showing the efficiency of this intervention over the medium term.

Mammary Paget's disease. Conservative mastectomy / Enfermedad de paget mamaria. Mastectomía conservadora

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Tumor de células granulares. Abrikossoff de la mama, presentación de un caso tratado en nuestro centro / Granular cell tumour. Abrikossof tumour of the breast. Report of a case treated in our centre

El presente artículo describe nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de un paciente varón de 42 años diagnosticado de un tumor de células granulares en la mama y pretende llamar la atención sobre esta entidad, que puede simular un carcinoma de mama, debiéndose tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de la enfermedad nodular mamaria

This article describes our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of a 42-year-old male patient diagnosed with a granular cell tumour in the breast and draws attention to this entity, which can simulate a breast carcinoma. This should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of nodular breast disease

Síndrome de la mama fantasma posmastectomía. Estudio de prevalencia y características clínicas en un hospital de tercer nivel / Post-mastectomy phantom breast syndrome. Study of prevalence and clinical characteristics in a tertiary hospital

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia y características del síndrome de la mama fantasma en nuestro entorno. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta telefónica a 50 mujeres mastectomizadas entre los años 2002 y 2009 en el Hospital General Universitario de Castellón. Se preguntó sobre la presencia de dolor antes del diagnóstico de la enfermedad y de la cirugía, del síndrome de dolor posmastectomía y del síndrome de la mama fantasma, ampliando el interrogatorio en caso de respuesta afirmativa para conocer las características de la sintomatología, el momento de aparición, la frecuencia de aparición, la duración de la clínica y la necesidad o no de tratamiento farmacológico específico en cada síndrome. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos obtenidos. Resultados: El 76% de las mujeres interrogadas presentaron algún tipo de sensación extraña o dolorosa en la zona de la cicatriz mamaria, de las cuales el 65,8% presentó sensaciones no dolorosas y el 34,2% dolorosas. El síndrome de la mama fantasma apareció en el 38% de las mujeres interrogadas, y en muchos de los casos (31,6%) de las que respondieron afirmativamente se expresaba en forma de picor en el pezón ausente. Conclusiones: El síndrome de dolor posmastectomía y el síndrome de la mama fantasma son entidades poco conocidas, aunque prevalentes en nuestro medio. Tienen un carácter complejo y multifactorial, por lo que es importante conocerlas para conseguir un correcto tratamiento de las pacientes afectas, y así mejorar su calidad de vida

Objective: To determine the prevalence of post-mastectomy pain syndrome and phantom breast syndrome in our environment. Patients and methods: We performed a telephone survey of 50 women who underwent mastectomy between 2002 and 2009 in the General Hospital of Castellon (Spain). The women were asked about the presence of pain before diagnosis of the disease and surgery, post-mastectomy pain syndrome, and phantom breast syndrome. Women with symptoms were asked about their characteristics, time of onset, frequency, duration, and whether or not a specific pharmacological treatment was needed for each syndrome. A descriptive analysis was performed of the data obtained. Results: A total of 76% of the women surveyed had some kind of strange or painful sensation in the breast scar, 65.8% of whom had painless sensations and 34.2% had painful sensations. Phantom breast syndrome appeared in 38% of the surveyed women and manifested as an itch in the absent nipple in 31.6% of the women. Conclusions: Post-mastectomy pain syndrome and phantom breast syndrome are little known entities, although they prevalent in our environment. These syndromes are complex and multifactorial; therefore, familiarity with their characteristics is essential to provide affected women with proper treatment and improve their quality of life

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A systematic review of 3060 patients.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign breast disease. A systematic review was designed. Clinical and therapeutic characteristics were analyzed. Human Development Index (HDI) was used to define two groups of study: group A (very high and high HDI) and group B (medium and low HDI). Corticosteroid therapy was done in 69% group A and 78% group B. Surgery was done in 63% in group A and 83% in group B. Antibiotics were used in 68% group A and 88% group B. There is no consensus about optimal treatment for granulomatous mastitis.

Rendimiento del sistema Bethesda en el diagnóstico citopatológico del nódulo tiroideo / Performance of the Bethesda system in the citopathological diagnosis of the thyroid nodule

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Rendimiento diagnóstico de la punción aspiración con aguja fina de tejido tiroideo / Diagnostic efficacy of fine needle aspiration of thyroid tissue

Introducción. La punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) de la glándula tiroides constituye un proceso diagnóstico que permite determinar de forma segura y fiable, si un nódulo tiroideo es benigno o maligno. Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficacia diagnóstica de la PAAF en nuestro centro. Material y métodos. Se llevó a cabo de 2009 a 2013 un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con nódulo tiroideo sospechoso de ser maligno. Las variables del estudio fueron: edad, sexo, tamaño del nódulo tiroideo, realización de PAAF, estudio anatomo-patológico de la biopsia y diagnóstico definitivo. Se comparó el rendimiento diagnóstico de la PAAF frente a los resultados de la biopsia posoperatoria. Resultados. Durante los cinco años del estudio, se practicó PAAF de tejido tiroideo a 112 pacientes (30,2 %, hombres, y 69,8 %, mujeres), con un tamaño medio nodular de 2 cm (rango: 1 a 4). La PAAF fue positiva para neoplasia maligna en 26 casos (23,2 %) y negativa en 86 casos (76,8 %). Los resultados del rendimiento de la prueba fueron: sensibilidad de 45,5 % (intervalo de confianza 95 % [IC95%] 28,1-63,6), especificidad de 86,1 % (IC95% 76,5-92,8), valor predictivo positivo de 57,7 % (IC95% 36,9-76,6) y valor predictivo negativo de 79,1 % (IC95% 69-87,1). Conclusión. Tras este análisis, se obtiene un resultado malo con posibilidad de ser mediocre, por lo que habría que replantearse la utilidad de esta prueba invasiva en nuestro centro y la búsqueda de posibles errores.

Background: Thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a safe and reliable diagnostic procedure for determining if a thyroid nodule is benign or malignant. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of FNA diagnosed in our center. Material and methods: Retrospective study of patients with thyroid nodule suspicious for malignancy, in the period 2009 to 2013. The variables used in this study were: age, sex, size of thyroid nodule, FNA performance, pathology and definitive diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy of FNA was compared with the results of postoperative biopsy. Results: During the 5-year study, FNA of thyroid tissue was performed at 112 patients (30.2% men and 69.8% women), with nodules of average size of 2 cm (range 1-4). FNA was positive for malignancy in 26 cases (23.2%) and negative in 86 cases (76.8%). The performance results of the test were: sensitivity 45.5% (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 28.1% -63.6%), specificity of 86.1% (95% CI: 76.5 % - 92.8%), positive predictive value of 57.7% (95% CI: 36.9% - 76.6%) and negative predictive value of 79.1% (95% CI: 69% - 87 1%) Conclusion: A bad result with the possibility of being mediocre is obtained with this analysis, which should rethink the usefulness of this invasive test in our center and search for possible errors.

Seudolinfoma mamario / Breast pseudolymphoma

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[Functional recovery of Oddi's sphincter after balloon dilatation of the papilla of Vater. An experimental study in rabbits]. / Recuperación funcional del esfínter de Oddi tras dilatación con balón de la papila de Vater. Estudio experimental en conejos.

INTRODUCTION: Balloon dilatation of the papilla of Vater is used to treat biliary lithiasis. The results and complications rate of this technique are excellent. Published data indicate that this procedure does not significantly alter the physiology of the sphincter of Oddi and that normal function is maintained. Papillary balloon dilatation would therefore provide an advantage over other techniques in which sphincteric function is abolished. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional status of the sphincter of Oddi after balloon dilatation of the papilla of Vater. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand albino rabbits were used. All animals underwent laparotomy and duodenotomy with balloon dilatation of the papilla of Vater. Manometric study of the biliary tract and of the sphincter of Oddi was also performed before, shortly after, and 21 days after dilatation. Biliary and sphincter of Oddi pressures and phasic activity of the sphincter (frequency, amplitude and duration of waves) were used as measuring variables for each of the stages of the experiment. RESULTS: Papillary balloon dilatation immediately provoked substantial sphincter relaxation. Comparison of the values of basal biliary and sphincter of Oddi pressures with those found 21 days after dilatation showed no statistically significant differences. No significant differences were found when the variables related to phasic activity of the sphincter (frequency, amplitude and duration) were compared between the distinct phases of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest complete recovery of sphincter function 21 days after balloon dilatation.