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1.
Metas enferm ; 16(5): 26-30, jun. 2013. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-113751

RESUMO

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis en mujeres con factores de riesgo en la provincia de Jaén, identificar la relación entre los factores de riesgo y el lugar de realización de la prueba con el diagnostico Material y método: estudio descriptivo transversal. Se incluyeron mujeres que acudieron a una consulta privada de ginecología. Se les realizo una densitometría ósea en columna y cadera (técnica Dexa). Se efectuó un análisis univariante tanto para las variables cuantitativas como cualitativas. El contraste de hipótesis se desarrollo mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson en las cualitativas y la Ji-cuadrado en las cualitativas. Resultados: se estudiaron 151 mujeres, con una edad media de 56 años, y un IMC promedio de 26,86. El 57% se realizaron la prueba para la prevención de osteopenia y osteoporosis. Existía relación entre edad, el peso y el IMC (factor protector) y el diagnostico de osteopenia u osteporosis. La prevalencia de osteoporosis fue de un 4% cuando la prueba se efectuó en cadera y de un 20% cuando se hizo en columna. Conclusiones: la edad se posiciona como un factor de riesgo en la aparición de osteopenia y osteoporosis. El peso y el aumento del IMC parecen actuar como factor protector en estas mujeres. Existe una importante diferencia diagnostica entre ambas en función del lugar de realización de la densitometría ósea, siendo mayor la prevalencia cuando se efectuaba en cadera (AU)


Objective: to determine the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in women with risk factors in the province of Jaen, to identify the relationship between risk factors and the site on which the diagnosis test is conducted. Materials and method: transversal descriptive study. It included women who visited a Gynaecologist in the private setting. They underwent a bone density test of the hip and spine (DEXA technique). Univariate analysis was conducted both for quantitative and qualitative variables. Hypothesis contrast was developed through Pearson Correlation Coefficient in quantitative variables, and Ji-square in qualitative variables. Results: the study was conducted on 151 women, with 56 years as median age, and an average BMI of 26.86. Of these, 57% underwent the test in order to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis. There was a connection between age, weight and BMI (protective factor) and the diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Prevalence of osteoporosis was 4% when the test was conducted on the hip, and 20% when it was conducted on the spine. Conclusions: age is positioned as a risk factor for the presence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Weight and increase in BMI seem to act as a protective factor in these women. There is an important diagnostic difference between them, based on the area in the body where the bone density test was performed, with a higher prevalence when performed on the hip (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Densidade Óssea , Densitometria , Distribuição por Idade , Quadril/fisiopatologia
2.
J Adv Nurs ; 69(6): 1279-88, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22891980

RESUMO

AIM: To determine the effectiveness of the 'sleep enhancement' nursing intervention (Nursing Interventions Classification) in patients hospitalized with mental illness and having a disturbed sleep pattern and to identify the possible effect of psycho-active medications on this disturbed sleep pattern. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest type study without control group. METHOD: The study was conducted in all patients admitted to the mental health inpatient unit of University Hospital of Spain from 1 March 2007-31 May 2008. The effectiveness of the 'sleep enhancement' nursing intervention was measured using the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire score and Nursing Outcome Classification sleep scores at admission and discharge. Psycho-active medication was considered an intervening variable and data were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures. RESULTS: The study included 291 patients. Consumption of psycho-active medications did not change between admission and discharge and was not statistically significantly different in the multivariate analysis of variance. Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire and Nursing Outcome Classification sleep scores at admission and discharge demonstrated significant sleep improvement after the nursing intervention. CONCLUSION: This nursing intervention could be implemented in patients admitted to a mental health inpatient unit with disturbed sleep pattern, regardless of their consumption of psycho-active medications.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/enfermagem , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/enfermagem , Sono , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação do Paciente , Psicotrópicos/efeitos adversos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
3.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 22(4): 167-173, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-111218

RESUMO

Introducción: las caídas son un riesgo real que acontece en el medio hospitalario, y constituyen un indicador de calidad asistencial. La Organización Mundial de la Salud(OMS) define el término caída como “la consecuencia de cualquier acontecimiento que precipita al individuo hacia el suelo en contra de su voluntad”. Objetivo: analizar la incidencia de caídas, el perfil de los pacientes que sufren caídas en el hospital e identificar las posibles causas y efectos de la misma. Metodología: estudio descriptivo sobre las caídas registradas en el Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén durante la estancia hospitalaria. La obtención de datos se hizo directamente por las supervisoras. Se elaboró una hoja de recogida de datos cuyas anotaciones se transmitieron a una base de datos electrónica. Las variables que se recogieron fueron datos de filiación del paciente, fecha y hora de la caída, unidad donde se produce la caída, puntuación escala Morse, caídas previas, circunstancias de la caída, factores relacionados como medicación, trastornos (..) (AU)


Introduction: falls are a real risk that occurs in hospitals; falls are health a care quality indicator. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the term falls as the result of any event which precipitate someone to the ground against their will. Aims: to analyze the incidence of falls, the profile of patients who fall in the hospital and to identify causes and effects. Methodology: design: Descriptive study on falls reported in Jaen’s Hospital, which includes any fall(36) that has taken place at some time of hospital stay. Data collection was performed by each unit supervisors developed a data collection sheet. Data were transcribed to a database. Variables collected were: demographic data, date and time of the fall event, unit which produces the fall, Morse scale score, previous falls, fall circumstances, factors such as medication, cognitive, functional factors environment, care after the fall and need for assistive devices. Results: during the period under review there were a total of 36 falls, representing an incidence of (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas Hospitalares , Segurança do Paciente/normas
4.
Gerokomos (madr., Ed. impr.) ; 21(3): 97-107, sept. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-95560

RESUMO

Objetivos: identificar las principales causas por las que se producen las caídas y determinar qué medidas son efectivas y cuáles no en la prevención de caídas accidentales. Métodos: revisión sistemática sobre los diferentes estudios de caídas en el hospital. Esta revisión incluye ensayos clínicos, estudios de casos/controles, estudios de cohortes y estudios observacionales publicados desde la indexación de cada base de datos, hasta diciembre de 2009. Resultados: se revisó un total de 60 estudios, de los cuales 37 finalmente entraron en la revisión, previo examen de su calidad metodológica mediante el CASP. Las principales causas por las que se producen las caídas están relacionadas con la edad, patologías (Parkinson,demencias, Alzheimer), medicación y el pre/postope -ratorio. De todos los estudios, hay diversas intervenciones que han demostrado ser efectivas y reducir el número de caídas. Conclusiones: todos los estudios, en general, han aplicado medidas de prevención en función del riesgo y/o enfermedad identificados por grupos de pacientes. Las medidas preventivas que han demostrado eficacia han sido el uso correcto de la colocación de medidas de protección, el establecimiento de unos parámetros para la identificación de los posibles factores de riesgo que puedan ocasionar una caída y evaluar la (..) (AU)


Aims: to identify the main causes of falls and determine which interventions are effective to prevent accidental falls. Methods: Systematic review over studies of falls in the hospital. This review includes clinical trials, case/control, cohort and observational studies published since each database indexing until December 2009.Results: we reviewed a total of 60 studies; of these, 37 were eventually included in the review after conductingan analysis of their methodological quality using theCASP. The main causes of falls are related to age, chronicdisease (Parkinson’s, dementia, Alzheimer’s), medication and pre/post operative. There are several interventions thathave proven to be effective and reduce the number of falls.Conclusions: all studies have generally applied preventive interventions based on identified risk and /or disease ingroups of patients. Preventive interventions that have proven efficacy are: the correct use of the placement of protective elements, establishing parameters for the identification of possible risk factors that could cause a fall; evaluate the frequency of falls; to establish a scale of care dependence and compare it with the model of risk factors; analyze extrinsic risk factors favoring falls; use a score to identify patients at high risk, to establish a falls intervention program and develop strategies for prevention (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco
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