Efecto de la variabilidad glucémica intrahospitalaria en la mortalidad de los pacientes con diabetes / Effect of in-hospital glycemic variability on mortality in patients with diabetes

Introducción El objectivo fue evaluar la importancia de glucemia media (GM) y variabilidad glucémica (VG) durante la hospitalización sobre la mortalidad tras el alta.Material y métodosEstudio de cohortes retrospectivo longitudinal analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes dados de alta del Servicio de Medicina Interna con algún diagnóstico relacionado con la diabetes. El pronóstico evaluado fue la mortalidad. Se recogieron durante el ingreso variables clínicas, analíticas y relacionadas con el control glucémico hospitalario (GM, VG e hipoglucemias). La VG se midió con el coeficiente de variación (CV).Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad por cada 1000 pacientes-año y se compararon con curvas de Kaplan-Meier. La determinación de los factores predictivos de mortalidad se realizó mediante regresión de Cox.ResultadosSe incluyeron 276 pacientes con edad media 77,6 (DE 10,2) años. La duración mediana del seguimiento extrahospitalario fue de 2,7 años.En análisis multivariante, una GM > 140 (HR=1,72; IC 95% 1,14-2,61; p=0,01) y un CV > 0,29 (HR=1,52; IC 95% 1,12-2,06; p=0,006), no así la presencia de hipoglucemias, se asociaron a incremento del riesgo de mortalidad de forma aditiva e independiente. Tener una GM > 140 simultáneamente con un CV > 0,29 incrementó las tasas de mortalidad (123 vs. 317 por 1.000 pacientes-año; p <0,001) y el riesgo ajustado de mortalidad (HR=2,70; IC 95% 1,71-4,27; p<0,001) respecto a tener una GM ≤ 140mg/dl.ConclusiónLa presencia simultánea de GM y VG elevadas constituye una potente herramienta de estratificación del riesgo de mortalidad tras el alta hospitalaria. (AU)

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mean blood glucose (MBG) and glycaemic variability (GV) during hospitalisation on mortality after discharge.Material and methodsWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal analytical cohort study that included patients discharged form a department of internal medicine with a diabetes-related diagnosis The evaluated prognosis was mortality. During hospitalisation, the patients’ clinical, laboratory and glycaemic control-related variables were recorded (MBG, GV and hypoglycaemia). The GV was measured with the coefficient of variation (CV).We calculated the mortality rates for every 1000 patient-years and compared them with Kaplan-Meier curves. We determined the predictors of mortality by performing a Cox regression.ResultsThe study included 276 patients with a mean age of 77.6 (SD, 10.2) years. The median outpatient follow-up duration was 2.7 years.In the multivariate analysis, an MBG >140mg/dl (HR, 1.72; 95% CI 1.14–2.61; p=.01) and a CV >0.29 (HR, 1.52; 95% CI 1.12–2.06; p=.006) but not the presence of hypoglycaemia were additively and independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. An MBG >140mg/dl with a CV >0.29 increased the mortality rates (123 vs. 317 per 1000 patient-year; p <.001) and the adjusted mortality risk (HR, 2.70; 95% CI 1.71–4.27; p<.001) compared with having an MBG ≤140mg/dl.ConclusionThe simultaneous presence of a high MBG level and CV constitutes a powerful tool for stratifying mortality risk after hospital discharge. (AU)

Effect of in-hospital glycemic variability on mortality in patients with diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mean blood glucose (MBG) and glycaemic variability (GV) during hospitalisation on mortality after discharge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analytical cohort study that included patients discharged form a department of internal medicine with a diabetes-related diagnosis. The evaluated prognosis was mortality. During hospitalisation, the patients' clinical, laboratory and glycaemic control-related variables were recorded (MBG, GV and hypoglycaemia). The GV was measured with the coefficient of variation (CV). We calculated the mortality rates for every 1000 patient-years and compared them with Kaplan-Meier curves. We determined the predictors of mortality by performing a Cox regression. RESULTS: The study included 276 patients with a mean age of 77.6 (SD, 10.2) years. The median outpatient follow-up duration was 2.7 years. In the multivariate analysis, an MBG > 140 mg/dL (HR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.14-2.61; p = .01) and a CV > 0.29 (HR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.12-2.06; p = .006), but not the presence of hypoglycaemia, were additively and independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. An MG > 140 mg/dL with a CV > 0.29 increased the mortality rates (123 vs. 317 per 1000 patient-year; p < .001) and the adjusted mortality risk (HR = 2.70; 95% CI 1.71-4.27; p < .001) compared with having an MBG ≤ 140 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The simultaneous presence of a high MBG level and CV constitutes a powerful tool for stratifying mortality risk after hospital discharge.

Effect of in-hospital glycemic variability on mortality in patients with diabetes. / Efecto de la variabilidad glucémica intrahospitalaria en la mortalidad de los pacientes con diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mean blood glucose (MBG) and glycaemic variability (GV) during hospitalisation on mortality after discharge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analytical cohort study that included patients discharged form a department of internal medicine with a diabetes-related diagnosis The evaluated prognosis was mortality. During hospitalisation, the patients' clinical, laboratory and glycaemic control-related variables were recorded (MBG, GV and hypoglycaemia). The GV was measured with the coefficient of variation (CV). We calculated the mortality rates for every 1000 patient-years and compared them with Kaplan-Meier curves. We determined the predictors of mortality by performing a Cox regression. RESULTS: The study included 276 patients with a mean age of 77.6 (SD, 10.2) years. The median outpatient follow-up duration was 2.7 years. In the multivariate analysis, an MBG >140mg/dl (HR, 1.72; 95% CI 1.14-2.61; p=.01) and a CV >0.29 (HR, 1.52; 95% CI 1.12-2.06; p=.006) but not the presence of hypoglycaemia were additively and independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. An MBG >140mg/dl with a CV >0.29 increased the mortality rates (123 vs. 317 per 1000 patient-year; p <.001) and the adjusted mortality risk (HR, 2.70; 95% CI 1.71-4.27; p<.001) compared with having an MBG ≤140mg/dl. CONCLUSION: The simultaneous presence of a high MBG level and CV constitutes a powerful tool for stratifying mortality risk after hospital discharge.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of a protocol designed to improve glycemic control in hospitalized internal medicine patients with hyperglycemia]. / Evaluación de la eficacia de un protocolo destinado a mejorar el control glucémico de los pacientes con hiperglucemia ingresados en servicios Hospitalarios.

BACKGROUND: Our aims were to assess the effectiveness of a diabetes (DM) management protocol to increase scheduled insulin therapy and to improve glycemic inpatient control. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We designed an analytical retrospective cohort study comparing 2 groups of medical services hospitalized patients with a primary of secondary discharge diagnosis of DM, before (group PRE) and after (group POS) the delivery of a DM management protocol. We analyzed the quality of attention by process indicators (cumulative probability of receive scheduled insulin therapy, evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis) and result indicators (adjusted glucose differences (group POS - group PRE), evaluated with multivariate regression models). RESULTS: A number of patients (355) were included (228 group PRE and 127 group POS). The median time to scheduled insulin regimen beginning was 1 (CI 95%: 0-2.5) day in group POS and 4 (CI 95%: 2-6) days in group PRE (p=0.056). First 48 hours mean glucose in patients without scheduled insulin therapy was lower in group POS than in group PRE (163.9 versus 186.7 mg/dl; p=0.025). The first 24 hours mean glucose was significantly lower in patients of group POS, with a difference between both groups of -24.8 mg/dl (CI 95%: -40.5-(-9); p=0.002). Stratified analysis showed statistically significant mean in-hospital glucose difference only in the nothing by mouth situation (-29.8 mg/dl; CI 95%: -58.9-(-0.6); p=0.045). CONCLUSION: The delivery of an institutional protocol can improve hospitalized DM patients management quality.