Burkitt lymphoma of the maxilla in a HIV positive male - Presentation and review of diagnostic laboratory tests.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive, B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that is rare outside Africa. We report a case of HIV-associated BL originating in the right maxillary sinus in a 31-year-old Hispanic male living in Washington, USA. We also highlight the diagnostic challenges in arriving at the diagnosis when the patient initially presented with a painless right facial swelling. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are critical because BL is one of the fastest-growing tumors. Treatment involves brief duration of high intensity chemotherapy and central nervous system prophylaxis. It is important for oral and maxillofacial surgeons to recognize this disease and understand the necessary steps to treat this aggressive tumor.

Orthognathic Consequences of Sphincter Pharyngoplasty in Cleft Patients: A 2-Institutional Study.

BACKGROUND: Understanding long-term sequelae of cleft treatment is paramount in the refinement of treatment algorithms to accomplish optimized immediate and long-term outcomes. In this study, we reviewed sphincter pharyngoplasties as a method of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) treatment in relationship to orthognathic surgery. METHODS: Cleft lip/palate and cleft palate patients, 15 years of age and older, were reviewed for demographics, VPI surgery, revisions, and subsequent orthognathic surgery at 2 institutions. Chi-square test, Student's t test, and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: In 214 patients reviewed (mean age, 19.5 years), 61.7% were male, 18.2% had isolated cleft palate, 61.2% had unilateral cleft lip and palate, and 20.6% had bilateral cleft lip and palate. A total of 33.6% were diagnosed with VPI and received a sphincter pharyngoplasty (mean age, 11.9 years). When subsequent orthognathic surgery was examined, sphincter pharyngoplasty was not associated with maxillary advancement (P = 0.59) but did correlate with an increase in mandibular surgery from 2.8% to 11.1% (P = 0.02). The indications for mandibular surgery in the pharyngoplasty population were related to congenital micrognathia. When cephalometric analyses were evaluated, sphincter pharyngoplasty resulted in a decreased sella-to-nasion-to-B point angle (mean, 79.0-76.3 degrees, P = 0.02) and a higher incidence of normal to class II maxillomandibular relationships as defined by A point-to-nasion-to-B point angles >0.5 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Sphincter pharyngoplasty decreases anterior mandibular growth and the discrepancy between maxillomandibular skeletal relationships because of the frequent predisposition of cleft patients to maxillary hypoplasia. In patients with congenital mandibular micrognathia, a small increase in mandibular surgeries may occur.

Lateral incisor agenesis predicts maxillary hypoplasia and Le Fort I advancement surgery in cleft patients.

BACKGROUND: Severe maxillary hypoplasia in cleft patients is caused by a combination of pathogenic and iatrogenic factors. In this work, the authors investigated anatomical deficiencies in dentition for predicting Le Fort I maxillary advancement surgery for severe maxillary hypoplasia in cleft patients. METHODS: Cleft lip-cleft palate and cleft palate patients older than 14 years of age were reviewed for demographics, dental anomalies, and Le Fort I advancement. Chi-square tests, t tests, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to delineate the contribution of quantity and position of dental agenesis to maxillary advancement surgery. RESULTS: In the 114 patients reviewed (mean age, 19.2 years), 64.0 percent were male patients, 71.9 percent had dental agenesis, and 59.6 percent required Le Fort I advancement. In patients who did not exhibit dental agenesis, 18.8 percent required Le Fort I advancement compared with 74.4 percent of patients with dental agenesis (p < 0.0001). Le Fort I advancement surgery was increased to 76.3 percent when dental agenesis was at the lateral incisor position (p < 0.0001) and 86.4 percent when patients were missing two or more teeth (p < 0.0001). Both sella-to-nasion-to-A point angle (p = 0.003) and A point-to-nasion-to-B point angle (p = 0.04) measurements were decreased in patients missing dentition at the lateral incisor position. Adjusting for multiple missing teeth and orthodontic compensations, multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that lateral incisor agenesis is an independent predictor for Le Fort I advancement surgery (OR, 4.4; 95 percent CI, 1.42 to 13.64; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Lateral incisor agenesis correlated to maxillary hypoplasia and independently predicted the need for Le Fort I advancement in cleft patients, potentially as an anatomical readout of intrinsic growth deficiency. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.