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ABSTARCT: Necrozoospermia is a poorly documented condition with a low incidence, and its definition and clinical significance are unclear. Herein, we provide a reference range for necrozoospermia and discuss its possible etiology and impact on male fertility and assisted reproductive outcomes. We extracted relevant information from 650 Chinese male partners of infertile couples and statistically analyzed sperm vitality. Necrozoospermia was present in 3.4% (22/650) of our study population, and the lower cut-off value for sperm vitality was 75.3%. We compared two methods for assessing sperm vitality (eosin-nigrosin head staining and hypo-osmotic swelling test [HOST]), for which the percentage in the eosin-nigrosin group (mean ± standard deviation [s.d.]: 77.5% ± 10.5%) was significantly higher than that in the HOST group (mean ± s.d.: 58.1% ± 6.7% [5-10 min after incubation] and 55.6% ± 8.2% [25-30 min after incubation]; both P < 0.001). The incidence of necrozoospermia increased with age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.116, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.048-1.189, P = 0.001), while the percentage of normal sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were significantly associated with necrozoospermia, with ORs of 0.691 (95% CI: 0.511-0.935, P = 0.017) and 1.281 (95% CI: 1.180-1.390, P < 0.001), respectively. In the following 6 months, we recruited 166 patients in the nonnecrozoospermia group and 87 patients in the necrozoospermia group to compare intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and pregnancy outcomes between the two groups. The necrozoospermia group had a significantly lower normal fertilization rate (74.7% vs 78.2%, P = 0.041; OR = 0.822; 95% CI: 0.682-0.992) than that in the nonnecrozoospermia group. This study presents substantial information on necrozoospermia to establish comprehensive and applicable reference values for sperm vitality for spontaneous conception and artificially assisted reproductive management.
RESUMO
@#【Objective】To investigate the differences of lung involvement between dengue and severe dengue.【Methods】227 dengue patients admitted in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2014 to October 2018 were enrolled. The clinical characteristics，treatment and outcome of the patients were analyzed to explore the differences of lung involvement between dengue and severe dengue （SD）. 【Results】 The rate of old age ，smoking ，hypertension，diabetes and cerebrovascular disease was higher in dengue with lung involvement group（DWLI）than dengue without lung involvement group（DWOLI）（χ2 were 25.146，3.847，10.326，7.177，and 5.355，P was 0.050 for smoking，the others were < 0.05）. The rate of cough and breathlessness was higher in DWLI（χ2 were 11.465 and 6.068，P were 0.001 and 0.014），as well as in SD subgroup（χ2 were 4.585 and 6.717，P were 0.032 and 0.010）. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were increased in DWLI（Z were - 2.591 and - 3.033，P were 0.010 and 0.002）. The rate of pleural effusion was higher in SD subgroup（χ2 = 4.987，P = 0.026）. Bilateral lung infiltration was correlated with SD（χ2 = 5.910，P =0.015）. The rate of acute liver injury，acute kidney injury and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome（MODS）was higher in DWLI（χ2 were 7.044，7.059，and 11.315，P were 0.008，0.008 and 0.001）. The rate of anti-virus，anti-bacteria and combined therapy was higher in DWLI（χ2 were 13.156，32.845，and 12.684，P all were < 0.001）.【Conclusion】Dengue patients who were with old age，smoking，or suffered from underlying disease of hypertension，diabetes and cerebrovascular disease were vulnerable to lung involvement. Cough，breathlessness，pleural effusion and bilateral lung infiltration were signs of severe dengue. Attention should be paid to dengue with lung involvement.
