RESUMO
Schistosomosis and amphistomosis are the two economically important and widely prevalent snail-borne trematode infections in grazing cattle of southern India. Acute infections are symptomatically similar and difficult to detect by routine microscopy for eggs. The present study was directed towards the development of a copro-polymerase chain reaction (copro-PCR) for detection of bovine schistosome species, using custom-designed primers targeting 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA as well as mitochondrial DNA. The study demonstrated the enhanced diagnostic specificity of mitochondrial DNA markers over ribosomal RNA genes as genus-specific probes to detect schistosomes. We developed a sensitive PCR assay using primers designed from mitochondrial DNA sequences targeting the partial rrnl (16S rRNA), tCys (transfer RNA for cysteine) and partial rrnS (12S rRNA) genes of Schistosoma spindale to specifically detect schistosome infection from faecal samples of naturally infected bovines. The salient findings of the work also throw light on to the high similarity of the ribosomal RNA gene sequences of schistosomes with those of Gastrothylax crumenifer and Fischoederius elongatus, the most prevalent pouched amphistomes of the region. Further investigation has to be directed towards unravelling the complete gene sequences of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA as well as mitochondrial DNA sequences of amphistome isolates from India.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Schistosoma/isolamento & purificação , Esquistossomose/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA de Helmintos/genética , Índia , Schistosoma/classificação , Schistosoma/genética , Esquistossomose/parasitologiaRESUMO
Carriers of bovine anaplasmosis in Northern Kerala, South India were detected using conventional microscopical and molecular techniques. PCR-RFLP and nested PCR techniques were used for detection of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma bovis respectively and the PCR products were confirmed by sequencing. Out of 150 samples tested, 25 were detected positive for A. marginale and five for A. bovis based on molecular tests. The inclusion bodies of A. marginale could be detected by microscopy in two blood smears after staining by giemsa while acridine orange staining detected three smears positive. The data clearly suggest the higher sensitivity of molecular techniques for diagnosis of these diseases.
Assuntos
Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Anaplasmose/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Animais , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Sangue/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Bovinos , Estudos Transversais , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Índia , Microscopia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Prevalência , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Carriers of bovine anaplasmosis in Northern Kerala, South India were detected using conventional microscopical and molecular techniques. PCR-RFLP and nested PCR techniques were used for detection of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma bovis respectively and the PCR products were confirmed by sequencing. Out of 150 samples tested, 25 were detected positive for A. marginale and five for A. bovis based on molecular tests. The inclusion bodies of A. marginale could be detected by microscopy in two blood smears after staining by giemsa while acridine orange staining detected three smears positive. The data clearly suggest the higher sensitivity of molecular techniques for diagnosis of these diseases.
RESUMO
A cross-sectional study was conducted using 150 blood samples collected from apparently normal / healthy crossbred cattle of Northern Kerala, South India, for detection of haemoprotozoan infections using staining techniques (Giemsa and Acridine Orange) and specific PCR. Theileria like piroplasms and Babesia bigemina were the only protozoan organisms detected in blood smears. Polymerase chain reaction using specific primers revealed amplification of products specific for Trypanosoma evansi (34.6%), Theileria sp. other than T. annulata (16%) and B. bigemina (0.6%). The higher prevalence rate of Trypanosoma evansi indicated that the subclinical parasitism can be due to higher prevalence of tabanid flies. The study also revealed the presence of a theilerial piroplasm other than T. annulata in North Kerala, which needs further investigation.
Assuntos
Sangue/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Animais , Babesia/isolamento & purificação , Bovinos , Estudos Transversais , Técnicas Citológicas/métodos , Índia/epidemiologia , Microscopia/métodos , Parasitologia/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Prevalência , Theileria/isolamento & purificação , Trypanosoma/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Linguatula serrata Frohlich, 1789 is an aberrant endoparasite of occasional zoonotic importance in humans. We report the prevalence of encapsulated nymphal stages of L. serrata in domestic ruminants surveyed in Wayanad, located in Kerala State, South India. Large and small intestine mesentery were examined from 100 goats, cattle and buffaloes each revealing an infection prevalence of 21, 19, and 8%, respectively. The prevalence of L. serrata infection among ruminants is higher than previous reports from India and indicates a strong focus of infection in herbivorous domesticated mammals of South India. The potential importance of these findings to human health is discussed.
Assuntos
Artrópodes , Búfalos/parasitologia , Bovinos/parasitologia , Cabras/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Índia/epidemiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
This short communication reports the prevalence of visceral schistosomiasis by worm counts from the mesentery of domestic ruminants of the hilly district of Wayanad, located in Kerala, one of the states in South India. We found 57.3, 50, and 4.7% of cattle, buffaloes and goats, respectively, had visceral schistosomiasis upon slaughter at a municipal slaughter house in Kalpetta. Our findings show that the prevalence of Schistosoma spindale infection is very high in Wayanad in comparison to previous reports from this and neighboring countries.
